Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Salivary Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

@#Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the common global health burdens. Measurement of blood glucose level is invasive and can cause many complications. Salivary glucose has been suggested as a suitable alternative for blood in recent years. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between blood glucose level and salivary glucose level of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a diabetic clinic in a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka. Blood samples were collected to analyze fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected to measure salivary glucose level and salivary flow rate. Pearson’s correlation was applied to determine the association between salivary glucose, blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Results: A total of 120 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 31 healthy controls were participated. Salivary glucose level was significantly higher in DM patients than healthy individuals. Fasting blood glucose level was significantly correlated with salivary glucose levels among DM patients (r = 0.201, p = 0.027). A significant relationship was also observed between HbA1c and salivary glucose levels among DM patients (r = 0.288, p = 0.031). Conclusion: Measuring salivary glucose levels may have potential to be used as an alternative non-invasive procedure to screen, diagnose and monitor the glycemic conditions of the DM patients.

Ability of FRAX Sri Lanka adjusted for trabecular bone score to discriminate between postmenopausal women with a recent fracture and without a fracture

Objectives@#We evaluated the ability of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) Sri Lanka to discriminate between women with a recent fracture and without a fracture, when trabecular bone score (TBS) is added to the calculation. @*Methods@#We studied 394 women without previous fractures and 87 women who underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry within 3 months after the first fragility fracture. Fracture probabilities (FP) were estimated with and without TBS using Sri Lankan FRAX model and their ability to discriminate those with and without fracture was tested. @*Results@#Women without fractures had higher bone mineral densities (BMDs) and lower FPs, compared to those with a recent fracture. Area under curves of receiver operating characteristic for FPs unadjusted were not different from those adjusted for TBS. The odd ratios of FPs unadjusted were not different from those of adjusted. The FPs estimated with TBS were higher, hence the intervention thresholds (ITs) were higher compared to FPs estimated without TBS. Thirty-two percent of women without previous fracture were above the ITs and the inclusion of TBS increased this to 36%. The integrated discriminatory index analysis showed a 8% increase in the discriminatory slope. @*Conclusions@#The inclusion of TBS to Sri Lankan FRAX did not show an added advantage in discriminating between postmenopausal women with a recent fracture and without a fracture. TBS inclusion in fracture risk calculation among those without previous fractures, however, showed a marginal increase in the number of women above ITs.