Effectiveness of Electrophysical Modalities in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review.

This review was conducted by three investigators to assess the scientific evidence and eff ectiveness of various electro physical modalities in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. This review was conducted by three investigators. The databases of PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane clinical trials register (June 1994-Jan 2013) were electronically searched for the key terms TMJ disorders with low-level laser therapy (LLLT), iontophoresis, phonophoresis, therapeutic ultrasound, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation. The retrieved titles were thoroughly evaluated, and full text was obtained. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria the selected studies were assessed for the quality evidence of the trails using the Grade Pro 3.6 version software and summary of finding table was generated. Of 1544 titles, 28 full text publications, which were eligible for this review were included, and 15 randomized placebo controlled trials that were fulfilling the set criteria. Out of 15 studies 10 are performed on LLLT, 2 on iontophoresis, 1 on pulsed radiofrequency energy, 1 on cathodal high voltage electric stimulation and 1 on laser acupuncture. LLLT is the extensively practiced electrophysical treatment modality with the moderate quality of evidence. Electrophysical modalities are helpful as adjuvant in the treatment of TMJ symptoms. However, there are no evidences to conclude that a single electrophysical modality is beneficial over the other in the temporomandibular disorders management.

Low Intensity Laser Therapy in Disc Derangement Disorders of Temporomandibular Joint: A Review Article / Terapia con Láser de Baja Intensidad en Trastornos de Alteración Discal de la Articulación Temporomandibular: Un Artículo de Revisión

Temporomandibular disorders embrace a number of clinical conditions that involves the masticatory musculature, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. The most frequent cause of TMJ disorders are disc derangement disorders which involve progressive slipping or displacement of articular disc. Various conservative treatment strategies for disc derangement disorders includes pharmacologic therapy, psychological counselling, treatment of parafunctional habits, use of occlusal splints and acupuncture which gives short term relief only. Recently, a non traumatic introduction to dentistry can be represented by low level laser therapy or soft laser therapy. It has proved to be an effective treatment modality in management of disc derangement disorders through its analgesic and anti- inflammatory effect. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to explore the use of low level laser therapy as an emerging trend in the management of disc derangement disorders of TMJ.

Los trastornos temporomandibulares abarcan una serie de condiciones clínicas que involucran la musculatura masticatoria, la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) y estructuras asociadas. La causa más frecuente de trastornos de la ATM es la alteración discal que implica el deslizamiento o desplazamiento progresivo del disco articular. Diversas estrategias de tratamiento conservador para los trastornos de alteración discal incluyen el tratamiento farmacológico, la terapia psicológica, el tratamiento de los hábitos parafuncionales, uso de férulas oclusales y acupuntura, que solamente dan un alivio a corto plazo. Recientemente, una introducción no traumática para la odontología puede ser representada por la terapia con láser de baja frecuencia o terapia de láser blando. Esta ha demostrado ser una modalidad de tratamiento eficaz en el manejo de los trastornos de alteración discal a través de su efecto analgésico y antiinflamatorio. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar el uso de la terapia con láser de baja frecuencia como una tendencia emergente en el tratamiento de los trastornos de alteración del disco de la ATM.

Radiation-induced spindle cell sarcoma: A rare case report.

Ionizing radiation has been known to induce malignant transformation in human beings. Radiation-induced sarcomas are a late sequel of radiation therapy. Most sarcomas have been reported to occur after exposure to a radiation dose of 55 Gray (Gy) and above, with a dose ranging from 16 to 112 Gys. Spindle cell sarcomas, arising after radiotherapy given to treat the carcinoma of head and neck region is a very uncommon sequel. This is a rare case report of spindle cell sarcoma of left maxilla, in a 24-year-old male, occurring as a late complication of radiotherapy with Cobalt-60 given for the treatment of retinoblastoma of the left eye 21 years back.