Rainwater Harvesting through Point Recharge Method for Efficient Recharge of Tube Wells for Sustainable Management of Groundwater Resources in Karnataka

Water is a precious natural resource for sustaining life, agriculture and environment. The dependability on groundwater has reached high in all time in recent decades due to reasons such as unreliable supplies from surface water due to vagaries of monsoon, increase in demand for domestic, agricultural and other purposes. Karnataka is largely dependent on groundwater to meet industrial, municipal, domestic and irrigation needs. So, Rainwater harvesting (RWH) forms an important component for development and management of water resources for domestic, agricultural, municipal and industrial uses. Management of scanty rain fall by rain water harvesting, Augmentation of depleting natural resources of water (deeper ground water table) and Management of poor-quality ground water and scope for conjunctive/domestic use is need of the hour. With increase in withdrawal of ground water, ground water (GW) table is declining at a rapid pace with an urgent need to recharge GW in addition to dilute poor quality ground water. Double ring technique of Groundwater Recharge consists of filtering the water at different layers using gradation materials generally the pebbles of different size with synthetic material wrapped around the casing pipe. By harvesting rain water and recharging into point recharge soaking infiltration gallery established at Irrigation Water Management Research Centre, (IWMRC) Belavatagi Tq: Navalagund has shown encouraging results as far as water quality, discharge and water table are concerned. The results of assessment of influence of ground water recharge through rainwater harvesting on ground water yield (lps), quality (dS/m) and fluctuations (feet bgl) during the year 2020, have shown that around 3.35 lakhs liters of water could be collected from rain water harvesting during the year 2020. Also, from point recharge through 7 recharge events (rain fall events from July to October 2020), it was observed that the considerable rise in the water table from more than 100 feet below ground level to around 22 feet below ground level, drastic reduction in groundwater salinity i.e. electrical conductivity (EC) of ground water from more than 10 dS/m to an average (EC) of 1.32 dS/m and tube well yield has significantly increased from 0.4 lps to around 2.4 lps. Therefore, Artificial recharge techniques through rainwater harvesting can be a better strategic approach to combat the emerging problems of water scarcity especially over exploitation of ground water and its quality deterioration.

A comparative study to assess the efficacy of oral versus vaginal route of misoprostol in missed first trimester abortion

Background: Aim of the study to contrast the effectiveness of misoprostol taken oral vs vaginal method, for the management of missed abortion in the early trimester, and to acknowledge misoprostol value in cervical dilatation before any surgical pregnancy termination,Methods: Comparing the efficacy of misoprostol, by vaginal and oral routes, for termination of first trimester missed abortion was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, at DR B. R. Ambedkar medical college and hospital, Bangalore. 2 groups were made as group A and group B which had 24 participants in each group and a total of 48 participants, in which group A was given misoprostol 400 mcg orally, maximum up to 3 doses and group B was given misoprostol 400 mcg maximum up to 3 doses and outcome was documented. Primary outcome expecting drug-induced complete expulsion of products of conception (POCs). Secondary outcomes measured were induction expulsion interval, number of doses required, classification of failures, cervical canal permeability in women requiring surgical evacuation, side effects.Results: Both oral and vaginal routes are highly effective (oral=75%, vaginal=91.7%, p=2.400), safe and acceptable with tolerable side effects. The mean time to expulsion was longer (10.55 hours) in the oral than vaginal group (8.09 hours). All unsuccessful cases, 2 in vaginal group and 6 in oral group had permeable cervices prior to surgical evacuation. Most of the side effects were tolerable in both groups.Conclusions: Vaginal route of misoprostol is more effective than oral misoprostol for first trimester missed abortion.

A rare case report on uterine perforation by levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine device

A levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine contraceptive devices are widely used in contemporary gynaecology, primarily as an effective method for contraception and for control of menstrual disorders like menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. A case report of the uterine perforation by the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in a 33-year-old asymptomatic woman after an 18-month of insertion. On routine cervical smear examination, the LNG-IUD threads were not visualised through the cervical os. After abdominal ultrasound scan the confirmation of perforated LNG-IUD was done and was removed laparoscopically.

Determination of severity of acute pancreatitis

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process with a highly variable clinical course. The present study was conducted to assess severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: The present study was conducted on 53 patients of acute pancreatitis of both genders. A thorough clinical examination was performed. Ranson’s score (RS), Glasgow score (GS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE-II) score, APACHE-O score and Balthazar’s computed tomography severity index (CTSI) score was recorded.Results: Out of 53 patients, males were 47 and females were 6. Patients were divided into acute pancreatitis (32) and severe pancreatitis (21). Results of the bivariate analysis of Ranson scoring system in mild periodontitis was 0.84 in severe was 2.95, Glasgow score was 0.66 in mild and 2.48 in severe, APACHE-II had 6.94 in mild and 10.33 in severe, APACHE-O had 7.34 in mild and 11 in severe and CTSI had 1.9 in mild and 6.15 in severe.Conclusions: Authors found that all the scoring systems are useful in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Assessment of independent risk factors of acute pancreatitis

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory condition of the pancreas. The present study recorded independent risk factors of acute pancreatitis.Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 patients of acute pancreatitis of both genders. A detailed general and systemic examination was done in all patients. History of smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, weight, obesity and diabetes was taken.Results: Out of 50 patients, males were 45 and females were 5. There was history of smoking in 20 patients, alcoholism in 15, weight >70 kg in 38, hypertension in 10, diabetes in 24 patients and obesity in 12 patients. The difference found to be significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Authors found that smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes, weight >70 kg and obesity as independent risk factors of acute pancreatitis.

Comparative effectiveness of tepid sponging and antipyretic drug versus only antipyretic drug in the management of Fever among children: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of tepid sponging and antipyretic drug versus only antipyretic drug among febrile children. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 150 children 6 mo - 12 yr age with axillary temperature 101F. INTERVENTION: Tepid sponging and antipyretic drug (Paracetamol) (n=73) or only antipyretic drug (Paracetamol) (n=77). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reduction of body temperature and level of comfort. RESULTS: The reduction of body temperature in the tepid sponging and antipyretic drug group was significantly faster than only antipyretic group; however, by the end of 2 hours both groups had reached the same degree of temperature. The children in tepid sponging and antipyretic drug had significantly higher discomfort than only antipyretic group, but the discomfort was mostly mild. CONCLUSION: Apart from the initial rapid temperature reduction, addition of tepid sponging to antipyretic administration does not offer any advantage in ultimate reduction of temperature; moreover it may result in additional discomfort.

A dose verification method for high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment plans.

AIM: To evolve a fast dose verification method for high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatment plans and to demonstrate its applicability in different clinical cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a software tool in VC++ for the Varisource HDR unit for HDR dosimetry plan verification using TG-43 parameters. HDR treatment dosimetry of a number clinical cases using Varisource was verified by comparison with the treatment planning system (TPS). RESULTS: A number of different types of clinical cases treated by Varisource were evaluated. TPS calculated dose values and verification code calculated dose values were found to agree to within 3% for most of the dose calculation points. CONCLUSIONS: We have validated with clinical cases a fast and independent dose verification method of the dosimetry at selected points for HDR brachytherapy treatments plan using TG-43 parameters. This can be used for the verification of the TPS calculated dose at various points. The code is written to work with Varisource, but it can conceivably be modified for other sources also by using the fitted constant of the respective source.