Simultaneous detection and quantification of bronchodilators in pure form and from in-vitro drug release of a novel combinational formulation

The analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of salbutamol sulfate (SS) and ipratropiumbromide (IPB) in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in its pure form. Thechromatographic partition was completed utilizing a blend of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (30:70 v/v) with the pHscale adjusted to 3.0 using o-phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute in Luna C-18(2)(150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)column. The wavelength for detection was fixed at 212 nm. The SS and IPB showed a standard linearity curve in therange of 2–12 µg/ml, with retention time at 2.4 and 3.8 minutes, respectively. The developed method was reported tobe specific, linear (r2 ≥ 0.999), precise at intraday and interday levels (% relative standard deviation < 2.0%), accurate(% recovery: 96.02%–103.62%), and robust. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for SS was found to be0.42 and 1.26 µg/ml, while that of IPB was 0.44 and 1.34 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the developed method waseffectively applied in quantifying SS and IPB from its pure, commercial, and in-house prepared transdermal system tounderstanding the in-vitro drug release pattern from patches.

Departmental equipment maintenance system in Government Medical College.

Background: Medical equipments are necessary to effectively monitor, treat and support the care of patients by doctors in the management of their medical conditions. Proper maintenance affects the performance and safety of equipment. As equipments are part of health care provision in hospital, it is necessary to have well planned and managed equipment maintenance system in the organization. Aim: The study revealed the medical equipment maintenance system in Physiology Department of tertiary care government teaching institute. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study, during February to June 2014 of fifty two equipments costing more than 10,000 rupees was done for their maintenance system in the department. Information about equipment was collected by onsite inspection and departmental equipment records in structured proforma. Results: In the study, 45 mechanical and 7 electrical equipments costing less than 100,000 rupees were evaluated. It was found that 94.2% equipments did not have any service contract. From time of installation in the department it was found that most equipment i.e. 53.8% had crossed the life period of 15 years. Maximum i.e 85.7% electrical equipments had crossed their average life period. There was no proper maintenance of logbook and non availability of the user manual by the side of 84.6% of the equipments in department. Service history in worksheet of all 52 instruments was not recorded, post warranty maintenance in all equipments was by local personals only which was needed in 90.4% equipments. Out of equipments needing the maintenance and repair, it was corrective type in 98.2% times and reactive type in 1.8% times. There was no special training of the technicians about the maintenance of equipments. 73.1% equipments were working while 21.2% were awaiting repair. The procedure of ‘maintenance request" was noted in log book for all equipments. 3 of the equipment were having the long down time period above 5 years. Non functional equipment with long down time period was due to non availability of the spare parts in 21.2% equipment and vendor was not responding for maintenance in 5.7% equipment Conclusion: There was need of proper equipment maintenance system in department. The long down time period of equipment was due to old technology, non-availability of parts and non-responding vendors.

Efecto de la tioctamina frente a la acción del hexaclorobenceno / Effect of the thioctamide in relation the hexachlorobenzene action

Se estudió el efecto de la intoxicación crónica con hexaclorobenceno en ratas, con y sin administración simultánea de tioctamida. En el grupo que recibió hexaclorobenceno solo, se produjo el esperado desarrollo de porfiria incrementándose la excreción urinaria y el contenido hepático de porfirinas y disminuyendo la actividad Uroporfirinógeno decarboxilasa. El contenido hepático de dienos conjugados no varió, en tanto que el de malondialdehido se incrementó en un grado estadísticamente no significativo. Estos resultados indicarían la existencia de un ligero proceso de peroxidación lipídica. La tioctamida (25 mg/Kg de peso) produjo efectos nocivos antes que protectores, detectados por un aumento de la actividad transaminasa glutámico pirúvica y una inhibición a nivel de la primera etapa de la Uroporfirinógeno decarboxilasa. Los resultados indicarían que: 1) altas dosis de tioctamida producen un decremento en la actividad Uroporfirinógeno decarboxilasa, enmascarando quizás su posible efecto protector frente a la acción del hexaclorobenceno por radicales libres; 2) la Uroporfirinógeno decarboxilasa es un parámetro más sensible que la medición de dienos conjugados o de melondialdehido para ensayar la producción de radicales libres por acción del hexaclorobenceno in vivo. De ser así, la tioctamida, ensayada a dosis menores y no tóxicas, a través de su habilidad como atrapante de radicales libres, quizás pueda proteger contra la acción del hexaclorobenceno.