Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres submetidas a rastreamento para câncer de cérvice uterina, Belém - Pará - Brasil / Papillomavirus (HPV) in women screened to servical uterine cancer, Belém - Pará - Brazil

Introdução: o papilomavírus humano (HPV) é reconhecido como o agente causal do câncer de colo uterino. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de infecção genital por HPV e sua correlação com o resultado do exame citopatológico. Métodos: estudo transversal com 1.021 mulheres de 30 a 45 anos submetidas a rastreamento para câncer de cérvice uterina. As participantes responderam a questionário-padrão e amostras de colo uterino foram encaminhadas para análise citopatológica e para pesquisa de HPV. Resultados: a prevalência de HPV foi de 12,4% sendo de 8,7% nas com citologia negativa e 43,4% nas com citologia alterada, correspondendo a 28,9% nas com ASCUS/AGUS, 60% nas com lesão LSIL, 90% nas com HSIL e 100% nas com carcinoma invasor e com adenocarcinoma in situ. A chance de se detectar HSIL foi cerca de 94 vezes maior nas mulheres infectadas por HPV. Analisando somente as 116 mulheres infectadas e com HPV tipificado, observou-se que a frequência de HPV oncogênico foi de 79,3% (em 71,8% das com citologia negativa e em 91,1% das com citologia com anormalidades), sendo a chance de se detectar anormalidades no exame citopatológico cerca de quatro vezes maior na presença de HPV de alto risco. O HPV 16 foi o tipo mais frequente, detectado em 24,4% das amostras de mulheres com alterações citológicas e em 7,0%das com citologia negativa. Multi-infecção foi detectada em 5,7% das mulheres com anormalidades à citopatologia e em 1,1% das com citologia negativa.Conclusão: o estudo demonstra forte associação entre HPV e anormalidades citológicas.

Introduction: human papillomavirus (HPV) is the agent of cervical uterine cancer. Objective: determine the prevalence of genital infection due to HPV and their correlation with results in the oncotic cytology. Methods: in a cross-sectional study, 1021 women, age 30 to 45 years were enrolled and submitted to cervical cancer screening. All patients answered a standard protocol. Samples of the uterine cervix were sent to citopathological analysis and to identification of HPV. Results: prevalence of HPV was 12.4%; in women with normal cervical cytology the prevalence of HPV was 8,7% compared to 43,4% in women with altered cervical cytology (28.9% among women with ASCUS/AGUS; 60.0% among women with LSIL; 90.0% among women with HSIL and 100.0%both in women with invasive carcinoma and in situ adenocarcinoma). Chance of detection of HSIL was 94 times higher in women who had HPV in theuterine cervix. A separate analysis including only the 116 HPV infected women revealed that HPV oncogenic types corresponded to 79.3% of the cases(71.8% in women with negative cervical cytology and 91.1% in women with altered cervical cytology). The frequency of oncogenic HPV types in 116 women infected with HPV was 79.3% [71.8% in women with negative citology and 91.1% in women with abnormalities in the citology exam). The odds to detect abnormalities in the citopatology exam was four times greater in the presence of HPV of high risk. HPV 16 was the most frequent type observed(24.4% of women with abnormal cytology and in 7,0% of those with negative cytology). Multiinfection was detected in 5.7% of women with abnormal cytology and in 1.1% with negative cytology. Conclusion: in this study, HPV infection and abnormal cytological findings in the uterine cervix were frequently observed and there was an association between them.

Virus papiloma humano en mujeres quechuas jujeñas con alta frecuencia de cancer de cuello uterino: tipos virales y variantes de HPV 16 / Human Papilloma virus in Quechua women from Jujuy with high frequency of cervical cancer: viral types and HPV-16 variants

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiologically associated to cervical carcinoma. In order to evaluate HPV infection and its relationship with the high frequency of this neoplasia in Quechua women from Jujuy (Argentina), 271 cervical samples from preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions (biopsies) and normal controls (cytologies) were studied. Detection and typing were performed using PCR-RFLP or PCR-hybridization and the HPV-16 variability in L1 and E6 genes (by PCR-hybridization) was analysed. HPV was detected in 52 of controls, 91 of low-grade lesions, 97 of high-grade lesions and 100 of invasive carcinomas, corresponding 55 to HPV-16. HPV-16 European variants were predominant, most of them being non-prototypic strains. The high frequency of high risk infection types and the raised proportion of HPV-16 non-prototypic variants related to a greater oncogenic potential could explain, in part, the high cervical cancer frequency of this native population. These data may contribute to disease control and vaccinal formulation

Molecular variability of human papillomaviruses and susceptibility to cervical neoplasia

Genetic variability in the genome of human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been described, particularly in the high-risk types 16 and 18. Based on extensive DNA sequencing analyses of HPV isolates from clinical specimens, a number of variants have been described whose nucleotide sequence does not vary more than 2 percent in coding and 5 percent in noncoding regions of the viral genome. Nucleotide sequence variation has being used as a tool for epidemiological studies of viral transmission and persistence. In the ongoing cohort study being performed in Brazil, we are abalyzing the risk of persistent infection and development of cervical lesions regarding geographical relatedness of variants. Infections with HPV types 16 and 18 were more likely to persist than those with other oncogenic types, with no significant differences between European and non-European variants regarding their tendency to persist. On the other hand, non-European HPV 16 and 18 variants were more strongly associated with risk of cervical neoplasia during follow-up than European variants, as compared with other oncogenic HPVs and low oncogenic risk HPVs. Epitope variability mays also have important implications in the immune response elicited against these viruses as well as in the design of vaccines directed against HPVs. Since these viruses are the etiologic agents of cervical cancer, those studies may provide useful information for the control of these common infections, leading ultimately to a reduction in the morbidity and mortality rates associated with this cancer.