Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of a Traditional Mayan Herbal Preparation Used as Antihypertensive Agent

Aims: To evaluate preparation herbal mixed of Pouteria campechiana, Chrysophyllum cainito, Citrus limonum and Annona muricata (PCCA) on vasorelaxant and hypotensive effect on rat model and toxicological data after acute oral administration to give scientific support to the use ethnomedical and to explore their potential damaging on oral intake. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Sample female and male Wistar rats. Pharmacology laboratory of Chemistry School and Department of Clinical and Epidemiological Research of Medicine School, Autonomous University of Yucatán. Between October 2014 and July 2016. Methodology: An ethanolic extract of PCCA was prepared at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 of each plant plus individual extracts were prepared. Vasorelaxant effect was assessed (3.03 to 100 μg/mL), hypotensive effect ((100, 200, 300 mg/Kg) and median lethal dose (LD50) by oral acute toxicity method (OECD 423 guide). Results: PCCA extract induced a significant vasorelaxation (medium effective concentration (EC50)=463.43 μg/mL) in a concentration-dependent manner in aorta’s endothelium-intact rings and this effect was partially endothelium-dependent. Acute oral administration of 200 and 300 mg/kg of PCCA exhibited significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in normotensive rats. PCCA did not show clinical toxicity of acute oral administration. Only 2000 mg/kg show histopathological inflammatory responses on gut and liver. Conclusion: PCCA induces a significant cardiovascular effect and was not toxic for rodents. The results support the popular use of some Mayan Medicinal plants as antihypertensive agents; however, clinical studies are necessary.

Subregistro de defunciones de menores y certificación de nacimiento en una muestra representativa de los 101 municipios con más bajo índice de desarrollo humano en México / Underreporting of deaths in children and birth certification in a representative sample of the 101 municipalities with lowest human development index in Mexico

OBJETIVO: Cuantificar el subregistro de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años de edad y la cobertura del certificado de nacimiento (CD) en municipios de muy bajo índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron todas las defunciones de menores de cinco años de edad ocurridas en 2007 y nacimientos ocurridos en 2007 y 2008 en una muestra de 20 municipios de muy bajo IDH en siete estados de México, a través de una búsqueda intencionada de defunciones y nacimientos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 12 muertes no incluidas en las estadísticas oficiales para un subregistro de 22.6%; 68.1% de los nacimientos no tenían CD. La falta de CD se asoció positivamente con que la madre no hablara español, que no tuviera Seguro Popular o que el nacimiento ocurriera con ayuda de partera. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario mejorar el registro de defunciones y nacimientos en municipios de muy bajo IDH en México.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the underregistry of mortality in children under five years old, and the coverage of the Birth Certificate (BC) in municipalities with very low human development index (HDI) in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all deaths of children under five years old occurred in 2007 and all births occurred in 2007 and 2008 in a sample of 20 municipalities with very low HDI in Mexico. We conducted an intentional search of births and deaths. RESULTS: We identified 12 additional deaths not included in official registries, for an underregistration of 22.6%, and 68.1% of births did not have a BC. Lack of BC was more frequent if the mother did not speak Spanish, if she did not have Seguro Popular if the birth was attended by a traditional midwife. Conclusions. It is necessary to strengthen the registry of deaths and births in municipalities with very low HDI.

Una reflexión sobre valores y principios bioéticos en la práctica de Enfermería / A reflection about bioethical values and principles in Infirmary practice", "_i": "

La bioética se conceptualiza como “La conciencia de las cienciasmédicas y biológicas, práctica dinámica, racional y reguladorade los valores éticos y deontológicos”, se basa en cuatro principiosfundamentales: beneficencia, no maleficencia, justiciay autonomía. Enfermería es una profesión con característicaspropias que requiere de valores universales y bioéticos obligatoriospara su desarrollo profesional diario para otorgar cuidadosen beneficio de las personas a su cargo, regidos por las normasjurídicas, sociales y morales, es por ello que se realiza una brevereflexión de los valores universales y bioéticos inherentes alcuidado de enfermería y cómo aplicarlos en la práctica diaria.

The bioethic is conceptualized like “the consciousness of medicaland biological sciences, practices dynamic, rational and regulatingof the ethical and deontologic values”, it is based o fourfundamental principles: charity, nonslander, justice and autonomy.Infirmary is a profession with own characteristics thatit requires of obligatory universal and bioethic values duringhis professional development, prevailed by the legal, social andmoral norms, is bioethic values to the care of infirmary and likeapplying them actually daily.

Síndromes coronarios agudos: utilidad de los biomarcadores séricos / Enzymatic biomarkers

The demand of consultation in the emergency rooms by patients with SICA without elevation of segment ST has modified the methodology in the integration of his diagnose, the seric markers are key point in this process isoenzymes can determine foretell and treatment in addition to new markers based on the inflammatory process of the atherosclerosis that stratifies the cardiovascular risk of the patient. The obtaining of these data obtains by total blood sample in qualitative and quantitative form permit in short time of 10 to 15 minutes, which allows to make agile the therapeutic interventions and to limit the damage the patient.