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1.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003816

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Background: Statins are drugs used for the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, statins have multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, as well as the ability to stimulate new bone formation. Such features could be beneficial for periodontal pathology therapy. Methods: A literature review was conducted using filtered electronic databases (Cochrane and Trip) and unfiltered databases (Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar). The articles chosen were controlled and randomized clinical trials that performed local delivery of statins to humans and assessed the effects of immunomodulation and bone regeneration on periodontal disease between 2010 and 2017. All of the studies were blind or double-blind and were written in English. Results: The inclusion criteria were applied to a total of 79 identified articles, and 10 studies were ultimately chosen. The results show that an injected dose of statins or the local delivery of atorvastatin (ATV) leads to a significant improvement in clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters. Moreover, rosuvastatin (RSV) induced stronger beneficial effects when administered systemically, whereas ATV and simvastatin (SMV) had better results following topical delivery. Conclusions: Statins can affect periodontal status, increasing the gain in clinical attachment and decreasing gingival bleeding, probing depth and the magnitude of bone defects. For this reason, statins represent an excellent support measure for conventional periodontal therapy. Specifically, positive effects are seen for local delivery of statins as an adjunct treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) at doses of 1.2 to 2%. Statins could be administered through topical delivery via direct injection in the periodontal pocket or by brushing with medicated dentifrices. More studies with appropriate designs should evaluate the short and long term clinical benefit of statins inpatients with periodontal pathology. These studies should determine the appropriate dose, timing side effects and ideal vehicles for delivery.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Periodontais , Terapêutica , Regeneração Óssea , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 394-402, June 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-892994

RESUMO

Reports indicate that statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs), in addition to lowering cholesterol, have an immunomodulatory effect. This effect may be beneficial for the treatment of several diseases, including periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of an atorvastatin-medicated dentifrice on CD4+ T cell proliferation. CD4+ T cell proliferation assays and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) viability assays were conducted on PBMCs from healthy donors cultured under the following conditions: control, atorvastatin solution, atorvastatin-medicated dentifrice, and dentifrice without atorvastatin at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 µM. A Generalized Equation Estimation (GEE) model was used to analyze concentration versus proliferation and concentration versus percentage of dead cells within each group evaluated. Atorvastatin-medicated dentifrice (p-value <0.0001) and atorvastatin solution (p-value <0.0001) significantly inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner compared with the dentifrice without atorvastatin and control conditions. Only the relationship between atorvastatin solution and percentage of dead cells was significant compared to the other conditions (p-value 0.019). The results revealed that atorvastatin-medicated dentifrice at concentrations of 1 to 100 µM had immunomodulatory effects, inhibiting CD4+ T cell proliferation without affecting PBMC viability. The other components of the dentifrice did not affect CD4+ T cell proliferation or cell viability, indicating its utility as a vehicle to achieve the desired effects of atorvastatin in periodontal tissue. Controlled clinical trials are still needed to evaluate the clinical effects of an atorvastatin-medicated dentifrice on the periodontium.


La literatura indica que las estatinas (medicamentos para bajar el colesterol), además de reducir el colesterol, tienen un efecto inmunomodulador. Este efecto puede ser beneficioso para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades, incluyendo la enfermedad periodontal. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto inmunomodulador de una pasta dental medicada con atorvastatina sobre la proliferación celular de linfocitos T CD4+. A partir de células mononucleares de sangre periférica de donantes sanos (PBMC), se realizaron ensayos de proliferación y viabilidad de linfocitos T CD4+ bajo las siguientes condiciones: control, solución de atorvastatina, dentífrico medicado con atorvastatina y dentífrico sin atorvastatina, en concentraciones 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 µM. Se realizó el análisis estadístico utilizando el modelo Generalized Equation Estimation (GEE) a fin de analizar la concentración versus la proliferación y la concentración versus el porcentaje de muerte celular para cada uno de los grupos. El dentífrico medicado con atorvastatina (valor p <0,0001) y solución de atorvastatina (valor p <0,0001) inhibieron significativamente la proliferación de células T CD4 + de una manera dependiente de la dosis en comparación con el dentífrico sin atorvastatina y condiciones de control. Sólo la relación entre la atorvastatina solución y el porcentaje de células muertas fue significativa en comparación con las otras condiciones (vale-p 0,019). Los resultados revelaron que el dentífrico medicado con atorvastatina en concentraciones de 1 a 100 mM tenía efectos inmunomoduladores, inhibiendo la proliferación de células T CD4 + sin afectar la viabilidad de PBMC. Los otros componentes del dentífrico no afectaron la proliferación de células T CD4 + o la viabilidad celular, indicando su utilidad como vehículo para conseguir los efectos deseados de atorvastatina en el tejido periodontal. Todavía se necesitan ensayos clínicos controlados para evaluar los efectos clínicos de un dentífrico medicado con atorvastatina sobre el periodonto.


Assuntos
Periodonto/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentifrícios , Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Projetos Piloto , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-757875

RESUMO

Objetivos: Describir los cambios del estado clínico periodontal de pacientes según el consumo sistémico de estatinas por indicación del cardiólogo. Material y método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el cual se reclutaron pacientes con periodontitis crónica derivados desde cardiología de la Clínica Dávila. Un grupo de ellos iniciaría terapia de estatinas. Se realizaron mediciones clínicas periodontales de profundidad al sondaje (PS), nivel de inserción clínico, índice de sangrado, área de superficie periodontal inflamada, e índice gingival, al inicio (antes de comenzar la terapia de estatinas) y 6 meses después. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados Diez pacientes participaron del estudio, 5 con indicación de estatinas. El grupo con estatinas en comparación con el grupo sin estatinas presentó una disminución en promedio: de PS (0,4 mm versus 0,13 mm); porcentaje de sitios con PS > 5 mm (4,16 por ciento versus 1,09 por ciento); de nivel de inserción clínico (0,5 mm versus 0,2 mm), índice de sangrado (27,16 por ciento versus 8,8 por ciento) y área de superficie periodontal inflamada (305,68 mm2 versus 121,35). Conclusiones Estos resultados sugieren que pacientes con periodontitis crónica podrían obtener beneficios de la terapia sistémica con estatinas. Se requiere de estudios clínicos con asignación aleatoria y el óptimo tamaño muestral que comprueben el efecto e impacto de las estatinas sobre el estado periodontal.


Objective: To describe changes in periodontal clinical status of patients according to systemic statin use prescribed by a cardiologist. Material and methods A descriptive study was performed on patients with chronic periodontitis referred from the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases of Dávila Clinic. A group of them began statin therapy. Clinical measurements of periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding index, periodontal inflamed surface area, and gingival index, were performed at baseline (before starting statin therapy) and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 10 patients participated in the study, and five of them received statin therapy. The statin group compared to the group without statins, showed a mean decrease in: PD (0.4 mm versus 0.13 mm); percentage of PS sites > 5 mm (4.16 percent versus 1.09 percent); clinical attachment level (0.5 mm versus 0.2 mm), bleeding index (27.16 percent versus 8.8 percent), and periodontal inflamed surface area (305.68 versus 121.35 mm2). Conclusions These results suggest that patients with chronic periodontitis may benefit from systemic therapy with statins. Randomized clinical trials with optimal sample size are required to check the effect and impact of statins on the periodontal status.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Periodonto , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico
4.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-962165

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To analyze HIV/AIDS positive individual's perception and attitudes regarding dental services.METHODS One hundred and thirty-four subjects (30.0% of women and 70.0% of men) from Nuevo León, Mexico, took part in the study (2014). They filled out structured, analytical, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. Besides the sociodemographic variables, the perception regarding public and private dental services and related professionals was evaluated, as well as the perceived stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, through a Likert-type scale. The statistical evaluation included a factorial and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS Social inequalities were found regarding the search for public and private dental professionals and services. Most subjects reported omitting their HIV serodiagnosis and agreed that dentists must be trained and qualified to treat patients with HIV/AIDS. The factorial analysis revealed two elements: experiences of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments and feelings of concern regarding the attitudes of professionals or their teams concerning patients' HIV serodiagnosis. The cluster analysis identified three groups: users who have not experienced stigma or discrimination (85.0%); the ones who have not had those experiences, but feel somewhat concerned (12.7%); and the ones who underwent stigma and discrimination and feel concerned (2.3%).CONCLUSIONS We observed a low percentage of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments; however, most HIV/AIDS patients do not reveal their serodiagnosis to dentists out of fear of being rejected. Such fact implies a workplace hazard to dental professionals, but especially to the very own health of HIV/AIDS patients, as dentists will not be able to provide them a proper clinical and pharmaceutical treatment.


OBJETIVO Analizar la percepción y las actitudes de las personas que viven con VIH/sida hacia los servicios odontológicos.MÉTODOS Participaron 134 voluntarios (30.0% mujeres y 70.0% hombres) de Nuevo León, México (2014), que contestaron un cuestionario estructurado de tipo analítico, auto-administrado y anónimo. Además de las variables sociodemográficas, fueron analizadas la percepción sobre los servicios y los prestadores de servicios odontológicos públicos y privados; igualmente se exploró mediante escala tipo Likert la percepción del estigma asociado al VIH/sida. El análisis estadístico incluyó análisis factorial y declustersno jerárquico.RESULTADOS Se presentaron desigualdades sociales en la búsqueda de atención de prestadores y servicios odontológicos públicos y privados. La mayoría ocultó su serodiagnóstico y concordó en que el odontólogo debe capacitarse en la atención del VIH. El análisis factorial reveló dos factores: experiencias de estigma y discriminación en la consulta odontológica y sentimientos de preocupación por la actitud del odontólogo o su personal hacia el serodiagnóstico del paciente. El análisis de clustersidentificó tres grupos: usuarios que no han experimentado estigma ni discriminación (85.0%); los que no han experimentado estigma ni discriminación, pero sienten una ligera preocupación (12.7%); y finalmente, los que han experimentado estigma y discriminación, y sienten preocupación (2.3%).CONCLUSIONES Se presentó un bajo porcentaje de estigma y discriminación en la consulta odontológica; sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas que viven con VIH/sida no revelan al odontólogo su serodiagnóstico por temor al rechazo. Estos hechos plantean un riesgo laboral para el odontólogo, pero especialmente para la propia salud de las personas que viven con VIH/sida, dado que el odontólogo no podrá proporcionar un tratamiento clínico y farmacológico adecuado.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Revelação da Verdade , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Estigma Social , Percepção , Autoimagem , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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