Ruptured mirror DACA aneurysm: A rare case report and review of literature

Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called “kissing aneurysms” or “mirror aneurysm” are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm’s morphology and planning treatment accordingly.

INFLUENCE OF GENDER IN HEMIPLEGIC GAIT - A KINEMATIC ANALYSIS

Background: Gait is considered as a factor of high quality in?uencing rehabilitation and quality of life. Hemiplegics show asymmetric gait pattern and return of walking ability is an important indicator of successful rehabilitation. Gender based differences exist in hemiplegic gait. This can impact the outcome of rehabilitation. Though gait analyses have been carried out in different settings, there are very little studies regarding the in?uence of gender in gait in hemiplegia. Hence our study, comparing the kinematics of hip, knee and ankle of the hemiplegic limb is carried out. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study is a comparison of gait analysis parameters of stroke survivors based on gender using Instrumental Gait Analysis (IGA) system. The present study is the outcome of an observational study Methods: conducted in the Gait Laboratory of Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College Kottayam. 100 subjects were selected for the study ful?lling the inclusion criteria. ISen3.08 system and STT-IWS sensors were used to carry out the Gait analysis and kinematic data was collected. Quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Qualitative data was expressed as frequency and percentage. The mid stance knee and ankle and terminal stance Results: knee were statistically signi?cant. In mid stance, mean knee angle in males was -1.90 whereas in females it was 0.26. In terminal stance, males showed 9.08 and females 12.28. The ankle in midstance showed a value of -0.33 in males and 1.30 in females. This study con?rms that there are gender based variations in the angular kinematic parameters in Conclusion: hemiplegic gait. Females are more severely affected in various phases of gait cycle with signi?cant involvement in the mid stance and terminal stance phases

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and treatments

In the current pandemic, COVID-19 patients with predisposing factors are at an increased risk of mucormycosis, an uncommon angioinvasive infection that is caused by fungi with Mucor genus which is mainly found in plants and soil. Mucormycosis development in COVID-19 patient is related to various factors, such as diabetes, immunocompromise and neutropenia. Excessive use of glucocorticoids for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients also leads to opportunistic infections, such as pulmonary aspergillosis. COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis have a very high mortality rate. This review describes the pathogenesis and various treatment approaches for mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, including medicinal plants, conventional therapies, adjunct and combination therapies.

Current applications of proteomics: a key and novel approach

Proteomics represented vital applications of technologies in the identification and quantification of high to moderate proteins (cellular signalling networks) found in biological matrix such as tissues, cells and fluids. Proteomics based technical knowledge is applied and verified in several preclinical research settings such as invention of diagnostic markers for specific disease and have shown to be increased in clinical applications. Extensive studies on proteomics resulted in detection of biomarkers that have been highly advanced in using diseases for cancer, lungs, cardiovascular, renal and neuro-regenerative and Parkinson's disease by introducing human origins for biocompatibility such as urine and serum. Advancement in the proteomic methods is conferring candidate right direction for clinical usage. In this review, recent developments and widely used proteomics approaches such as Mass Spectrometry (MS), Microarray chips are elaborately addressed and also focused merits and demerits of commonly used advanced approaches such as Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM), Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and other used proteomics and that roles, in order to aid clinicians, were also discussed in the light of biomedical applications.

Anesthesia for renal transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of 31 cases / Anestesia para transplante renal em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada: estudo retrospectivo de 31 casos

Abstract Background and objectives: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a state of progressive enlargement of cardiac chambers mainly left ventricle which leads to decreased cardiac output and ultimately cardiac failure. Although it has multifactorial etiology, it is quite common in patients with end stage renal disease who require renal transplant surgery for their cure. Both conditions go side by side and anesthetic management of such cases poses real challenge to anesthesiologist. Strict monitoring and control of cardiac physiology is of utmost importance besides meticulous fluid management, thus preserving renal blood flow on one hand and preventing cardiac failure on other hand. This is the basis of achieving good outcome of the renal transplant surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study done by analysing electronic database of 31 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent renal transplant surgery. Data was studied in terms of demographics, duration of renal disease, comorbidities mainly hypertension, cardiac echo graphic findings including ejection fraction, medications and post-operative outcome. Results: Most common perioperative complication in this patient population was hypotension (51.61%) followed by pulmonary complications postoperative mechanical ventilation (12.9%) and pulmonary edema (6.45%). High incidence of hypotension may be a causative factor to increased rate of delayed graft functioning (12.9%) and acute tubular necrosis (2.23%) in these patients. Conclusion: Strict monitoring and control of hemodynamic parameters as well as meticulous fluid therapy is the cornerstone in improving outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing renal transplant surgery.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos A cardiomiopatia dilatada é um estado de aumento progressivo das câmaras cardíacas, principalmente do ventrículo esquerdo, que leva à diminuição do débito cardíaco e, por fim, à insuficiência cardíaca. Embora tenha etiologia multifatorial, é bastante comum em pacientes com doença renal terminal que precisam de transplante renal para sua cura. Ambas as condições andam lado a lado e o manejo anestésico de tais casos é um verdadeiro desafio para o anestesiologista. A monitoração e o controle rigoroso da fisiologia cardíaca são de extrema importância, além de um meticuloso manejo dos líquidos, o que por um lado preserva o fluxo sanguíneo renal, por outro previne a insuficiência cardíaca. Essa é a base para alcançar o bom resultado da cirurgia de transplante renal. Métodos Este estudo observacional retrospectivo foi feito mediante a análise de prontuários eletrônicos de 31 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal. Os dados foram avaliados em termos demográficos, duração da doença renal, comorbidades (principalmente hipertensão), achados ecocardiográficos (inclusive fração de ejeção), medicamentos e resultados no pós-operatório. Resultados A complicação perioperatória mais comum nessa população de pacientes foi hipotensão (51,61%), seguida de complicações pulmonares, como ventilação mecânica pós-operatória (12,9%) e edema pulmonar (6,45%). A alta incidência de hipotensão pode ser um fator causador do aumento da incidência de atraso no funcionamento do enxerto (12,9%) e necrose tubular aguda (2,23%) nesses pacientes. Conclusão A monitoração rigorosa e o controle dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos, bem como a fluidoterapia criteriosa, são a pedra angular na melhoria dos resultados em pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada submetidos à cirurgia de transplante renal.

Foot drop: an iatrogenic complication of spinal anesthesia / Pé caído: uma complicação iatrogênica da anestesia espinhal

Abstract Background and objectives Foot drop in postoperative period is very rare after spinal anesthesia. Early clinical assessment and diagnostic interventions is of prime importance to establish the etiology and to start appropriate management. Close follow-up is warranted in early postoperative period in cases when patient complain paresthesia or pain during needle insertion or drug injection. Case report A 22-year-old male was undergone lower limb orthopedic surgery in spinal anesthesia. During shifting from postoperative ward footdrop was suspected during routine assessment of regression of spinal level. Immediately the patient was referred to a neurologist and magnetic resonance imaging was done, which was inconclusive. Conservative management was started and nerve conduction study was done on the 4th postoperative day that confirmed pure motor neuropathy of right peroneal nerve. Patient was discharged with ankle splint and physiotherapy after slight improvement in motor power (2/5). Conclusions Foot drop is very rare after spinal anesthesia. Any suspected patient must undergo emergent neurological consultation and magnetic resonance imaging to exclude major finding and need for early surgical intervention.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Pé caído no período pós-operatório é muito raro após a anestesia espinhal. Avaliação clínica e intervenções diagnósticas precoces são de primordial importância para estabelecer a etiologia e iniciar o tratamento adequado. Um acompanhamento atento é justificado no pós-operatório imediato nos casos em que o paciente se queixa de parestesia ou dor durante a inserção da agulha ou da injeção de fármacos. Relato de caso Paciente do sexo masculino, 22 anos, submetido a cirurgia ortopédica de membros inferiores sob anestesia espinhal. Durante a transferência para a sala de recuperação pós-operatória, houve suspeita de pé caído durante a avaliação rotineira da regressão do nível espinhal. O paciente foi imediatamente enviado ao neurologista e uma ressonância magnética foi feita, mas não foi conclusiva. O manejo conservador foi iniciado e o estudo de condução nervosa foi feito no 4° dia de pós-operatório, o que confirmou a neuropatia motora pura do nervo fibular direito. O paciente foi dispensado com imobilizador de tornozelo e fisioterapia após ligeira melhoria da força motora (2/5). Conclusões Pé caído é muito raro após a anestesia espinhal. Qualquer paciente suspeito deve ser submetido à consulta neurológica de emergência e ressonância magnética para excluir o principal achado e a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica precoce.

Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin from African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Immunoglobulins are an important aspect of adaptive immune system and tetrameric IgM are the most prevalent immunoglobulins in Pisces.. In this study, we made an attempt to isolate and characterize immunoglobulins from the Afrcian cat fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). The immunoglobulins were induced by immunization with BSA. Various methods such as ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE cellulose), gel permeation chromatography and affinity chromatography (Protein A & CNBr-activated agarose conjugated with BSA) were employed for purification of immunoglobulins. But for affinity chromatography involving BSA conjugated agarose, all other methods could purify immunoglobulins only partially, i.e., there was contamination of other proteins. Whereas with affinity chromatography, immunoglobulins could be isolated in purified form. Electrophoresis under denaturing condition resulted in one heavy and two light chain bands of molecular weights of 74.5 and 29.7 & 30.5 kDa, respectively. It resolved into single band on electrophoresis under native conditions. The molecular weight of immunoglobulin was estimated to be 890 kDa by gel filtration chromatography on Ultrogel AcA34. The immunoglobulin was further characterized by western blotting and MALDI-MS and N-terminal analysis. Rat anti-fish Ig generated against heavy chain showed cross reactivity with fish antibody raised against BSA or Aeromonas hydrophila.

Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Hiene: an overview / 中西医结合学报

This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin), alkaloids (asteracanthine and asteracanthicine), triterpenes (lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin), sterols (stigmasterol and asterol), minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti-endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.

Effect of preoperative incentive spirometry on fentanyl-induced cough: a prospective, randomized, controlled study / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) has a reported incidence of 13–65% on induction of anesthesia. Incentive spirometry (IS) creates forceful inspiration, while stretching pulmonary receptors. We postulated that spirometry just before the fentanyl (F) bolus would decrease the incidence and severity of FIC. METHODS: This study enrolled 200 patients aged 18–60 years and with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II. The patients were allocated to two groups of 100 patients each depending on whether they received preoperative incentive spirometry before fentanyl administration. Patients in the F+IS group performed incentive spirometry 10 times just before an intravenous bolus of 3 µg/kg fentanyl in the operating room. The onset time and number of coughs after fentanyl injection were recorded as primary outcomes. Any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or adverse effects of the drug were recorded as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Patients in the F+IS group had a significantly lower incidence of FIC than in the F group (6% vs. 26%) (P < 0.05). The severity of cough in the F+IS group was also significantly lower than that in group F (mild, 5 vs. 17; moderate 1 vs. 7; severe, 0 vs. 2) (P < 0.05). The median onset time was comparable in both groups (9 s [range: 6–12 s] in both groups). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative incentive spirometry significantly reduces the incidence and severity of FIC when performed just before fentanyl administration.

A comparative study between propofol and etomidate in patients under general anesthesia / Estudo comparativo entre propofol e etomidato em pacientes sob anestesia geral

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Induction of anesthesia is a critical part of anesthesia practice. Sudden hypotension, arrhythmias, and cardiovascular collapse are threatening complications following injection of induction agent in hemodynamically unstable patients. It is desirable to use a safe agent with fewer adverse effects for this purpose. Present prospective randomized study is designed to compare propofol and etomidate for their effect on hemodynamics and various adverse effects on patients in general anesthesia. METHODS: Hundred ASA I and II patients of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each receiving propofol (2 mg/kg) and etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) as an induction agent. Vital parameters at induction, laryngoscopy and thereafter recorded for comparison. Adverse effect viz. pain on injection, apnea and myoclonus were carefully watched. RESULTS: Demographic variables were comparable in both the groups. Patients in etomidate group showed little change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) compared to propofol (p > 0.05) from baseline value. Pain on injection was more in propofol group while myoclonus activity was higher in etomidate group. CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that etomidate is a better agent for induction than propofol in view of hemodynamic stability and less pain on injection.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A indução é uma parte crítica da prática de anestesia. Hipotensão súbita, arritmias e colapso cardiovascular são complicações ameaçadoras após a injeção de agente de indução em pacientes hemodinamicamente instáveis. É aconselhável o uso de um agente seguro com menos efeitos adversos para esse propósito. O presente estudo prospectivo, randômico, teve como objetivo comparar propofol e etomidato quanto a seus efeitos sobre a hemodinâmica e aos vários efeitos adversos em pacientes sob anestesia geral. MÉTODOS: Cem pacientes ASA I e II, entre 18-60 anos, programados para procedimento cirúrgico eletivo sob anestesia geral, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 50 cada para receber propofol (2 mg/kg) e etomidato (0,3 mg/kg) como um agente de indução. Os parâmetros vitais na indução, laringoscopia e posteriormente foram registrados para comparação. Efeitos adversos como dor à injeção, apneia e mioclonia foram cuidadosamente monitorados. RESULTADOS: As variáveis demográficas foram comparáveis em ambos os grupos. Os pacientes do grupo etomidato apresentaram pouca alteração da pressão arterial média (PAM) e da frequência cardíaca (FC) em comparação com o grupo propofol (p < 0,05) a partir do valor basal. Houve mais dor à injeção no grupo propofol, enquanto houve mais atividade mioclônica no grupo etomidato. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo conclui que etomidato é um agente melhor para a indução do que o propofol em relação à estabilidade hemodinâmica e menos dor à injeção.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicated by complete left bundle branch block: Don't let your guard down

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a potentially lethal condition due also to its life threatening complications. In particular, arrhythmias can be rare and severe early manifestations of this illness. They deserve a care approach because of their drug refractoriness. A fatal case of haloperidol induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome with concurrent complete LBBB and premature ventricular ectopics is presented, suggesting the existence of close relation between two

A rare cause of kyphosis with low backache - “Scheuermann’s disease”: “Osteochondritis deformans juvenilis dorsi.

An uncommon case of Scheuermann‟s disease (Apprentice‟s spine) is being reported for two simple reasons- firstly, to show that it is a self-limiting disease which needs only proper observation, extension exercises & extension spinal brace and secondly, it becomes a diagnostic riddle when osteolytic lesion is seen in epiphyseal plates of adjacent vertebral bodies in an adolescent. Radiology and Imaging are needed for the early and accurate diagnosis and to differentiate it from other causes of kyphosis. Hence, it stressed the need to publish this condition not only for its rarity but also for its diagnostic puzzle to differentiate it from other conditions. Here we report a case of an adolescent male of 17 years with poor posture/slouching, fatigue, mild pain in lower thoracic area of spine (low backache), stiffness and loss of flexibility with radiological and MRI findings.

Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol and pylorus ligation. The hydroalcoholic extract (HAPA), and various fractions of HAPA like, n-hexane extract (HPA), ethyl acetate extract (EAPA) and n-butanol extract (BPA) were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts. Parameters of gastric secretion (volume, pH, total protein, and free and total acidity) were determined by the pylorus ligation model. Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanol-induced ulcer model. To determine the mechanism of action, role of nitric oxide was also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EAPA and BPA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model, while HAPA (200 mg/kg) and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect. Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L. displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models, which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.</p>

Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats / 中西医结合学报

This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn.

Pharmacophore mapping studies on pyrazoles as anti-proliferative agents

Pharmacophore mapping investigations were carried out on a dataset of 36 pyrazole derivatives that demonstrate antiproliferative activity in human ovarian adenocarcinoma A2780 cells. Pharmacophore modeling is a powerful tool for activity prediction of the ligands. Three point pharmacophore model was developed with two hydrophobic groups, one hydrogen bond acceptor, as pharmacophoric features. The pharmacophore hypothesis AHH.14 with R[2] value 0.909 yields a 3D-QSAR model which is statistically significant and best pharmacophore hypothesis. External validation of AHH.14 was performed by activity prediction of test set molecules with squared predictive correlation coefficient of 0.875 was observed between experimental and predicted activity values of test set molecules. AHH.14 pharmacophore model may offer potential for the design of antiproliferative agents via development of lead structures

Stability Indicating Simultaneous Equation Method for Determination of Domperidone and (S)-Esomeprazole Magnesium in Capsule Dosage Form Using UV-Spectrophotometer.

Aims: Stability indicating simultaneous equation method for determination of Domperidone and Esomeprazole Magnesium in capsule dosage form using UVSpectrophotometry. Study Design: A new simultaneous equation method was developed and validated for the determination of esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone in capsule dosage form. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Invertis Institute of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh during July 2012 to June 2013. Methodology: Simultaneous equation method was performed for estimation of dosage form and degradants. Results: The maximum wavelength (λmax) was found to be 299 nm for esomeprazole magnesium and 287 nm for domperidone. The linearity range was found to be 1-6 μg ml-1 (r2= 0.998) and 5-30 μg ml-1 (r2= 0.999) for esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone, respectively. The value of limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.116 and 0.386 μgml-1 for esomeprazole magnesium and 0.657 and 2.18 μgml-1 for domperidone, respectively. Forced degradations were carried out under acid, base, thermal, photolytic and oxidative stress conditions. The method was satisfactorily validated as per the ICH guideline. Conclusion: This study shows that the proposed spectrophotometric method is useful for the routine determination of esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone in its combined pharmaceutical dosage form.

Dual-site right ventricular and left ventricular pacing in a patient with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation using a standard CRT-D device

In patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator [CRT-D] implantation for left ventricular systolic dysfunction [LVSD] accompanied by permanent atrial fibrillation [AF], generally, the unused atrial port is plugged at device implantation. We describe an alternative use for the atrial-port in this case report. A 43 year old gentleman with LVSD due to left ventricular non-compaction [LVNC] and AF of unknown duration underwent a CRT-D implantation after optimization of cardiac failure treatment. The atrial-port which would otherwise have been plugged was connected to a high right ventricular septal [RVS] pacing-lead and the shock-lead was positioned at the right ventricular apex [RVA]. This approach permitted modified cardiac resynchronization in a high RVS to left ventricular [LV] and RVA pacing sequence using the high RVS and LV pacing combined with a shock vector including the RV apex. A standard CRT-D device with a minimum programmable A-V delay of 30 ms [technically RVS to LV delay in the 'DDD' pacing mode] was used. The device was programmed to a 'DDD' pacing mode [sequential multi-site ventricular pacing with some programmability]. The mode switch operation was programmed 'OFF' since atrial sensing is unavailable. Device-delivered shocks did not cardiovert the patient back to sinus rhythm suggesting that the AF was permanent [no prior cardioversion attempts were made on the presumption that the chances of maintaining sinus rhythm, given the underlying cardiac condition, were low]. Subsequently, the patient required radio-frequency ablation of the atrio-ventricular node for conducted AF. Symptomatic, echocardiographic and radiological improvement preceded atrio-ventricular node ablation. Amongst AF patients with permanent AF undergoing CRT-D implantation, those patients who are likely to have the CRT-D device atrial-ports plugged could benefit from having both the options of [i] a RVA shock vector as well as [ii] a high RVS-pacing feasible, by utilizing the atrial-port of a conventional CRTD device for a RVS pacing lead, should a RVA shock-lead position be preferred. New device programming algorithms will be necessary to make patient-customized programming in this lead configuration flexible, more useful clinically and easy

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Dillenia indica extract in diabetic rats / 中西医结合学报

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of bioactive fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) of Dillenia indica methanolic extract in experimental diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: Type-1 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), and type-2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), 15 min after the intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg nicotinamide. The rats were treated by administering graded oral doses of isolated ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of D. indica (DIEE), 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 21 d. The blood glucose level was estimated at weekly intervals by glucometer. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also evaluated in normal and diabetic rats by an autoanalyzer. Results: In both experimental models, daily oral treatment with DIEE for 21 d resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose (P<0.01), serum cholesterol (P<0.05) and triglycerides (P<0.05) levels whereas HDL-C level was found to be increased (P<0.05) as compared with the diabetic control group. Conclusion: DIEE at 400 mg/kg body weight has prominent antidiabetic effect in experimental type-1 and type-2 diabetes models in rats. It may therefore be used as an alternative remedy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica (D. indica) methanolic leaves (DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).@*METHODS@#Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study (i.e. 3 weeks). Other parameters e.g. liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days. Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs (pancreas, liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment.@*RESULTS@#Daily oral administration DIME (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P < 0.001) as well as improving kidney, liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. Furthermore, the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas, liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#D. indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight, liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels. DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.

Study of genetic polymorphism in solvent exposed population and its correlation to in vitro effect of trichloroethylene on lymphocytes.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is major industrial pollutant that contaminate environment. Its exposure may lead to hepato-renal toxicity along with the cancer progression. Although extensive research is done on its toxicity, still not much is known about its genotoxic potential on humans in relation to genetic polymorphism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP P-450) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are important in cellular detoxification of TCE. Variations in gene sequences result in population specific regional genetic variations (polymorphism). Genotyping of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphism was performed in 220 normal and 97 solvent-exposed individuals from northern part of India using real time PCR, PCR and restriction digestion techniques. The parameters examined to study genotoxicity were chromosomal aberration (CA) and cytokinesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in lymphocyte culture in vitro. The observed average frequencies for GSTM1 (null) and GSTT1 (null) were 41, 22 and 12.7%, respectively in normal subjects whereas frequencies of CYP1A1/GSTP1 with (ile/ile) or (ile/val) or (val/val) were found to be 76.2/52, 21.4/42.1 and 2.4/5.9% respectively. It was further observed that the frequencies of above genes were found to be similar in solvent exposed groups. The distribution frequencies of GST genes, when compared with other reports from various regions of India show variations. In vitro TCE exposure (2, 4 and or 6 mM) did not show any significant genotoxic effect. TCE may be toxic due to its metabolite.