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Purpose@#The integration of large-scale gene data and their functional analysis needs the effective application of various computational tools. Here we attempted to unravel the biological processes and cellular pathways in response to ionizing radiation using a systems biology approach. @*Materials and Methods@#Analysis of gene ontology shows that 80, 42, 25, and 35 genes have roles in the biological process, molecular function, the cellular process, and immune system pathways, respectively. Therefore, our study emphasizes gene/protein network analysis on various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to reveal the interactions between those proteins and their functional contribution upon radiation exposure. @*Results@#A gene/protein interaction network was constructed, which comprises 79 interactors with 718 interactions and TP53, MAPK8, MAPK1, CASP3, MAPK14, ATM, NOTCH1, VEGFA, SIRT1, and PRKDC are the top 10 proteins in the network with high betweenness centrality values. Further, molecular complex detection was used to cluster these associated partners in the network, which produced three effective clusters based on the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) score. Interestingly, we found a high functional similarity from the associated genes/proteins in the network with known radiation response genes. @*Conclusion@#This network-based approach on DEGs of human lymphocytes upon response to ionizing radiation provides clues for an opportunity to improve therapeutic efficacy.
RESUMO
Purpose@#The integration of large-scale gene data and their functional analysis needs the effective application of various computational tools. Here we attempted to unravel the biological processes and cellular pathways in response to ionizing radiation using a systems biology approach. @*Materials and Methods@#Analysis of gene ontology shows that 80, 42, 25, and 35 genes have roles in the biological process, molecular function, the cellular process, and immune system pathways, respectively. Therefore, our study emphasizes gene/protein network analysis on various differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to reveal the interactions between those proteins and their functional contribution upon radiation exposure. @*Results@#A gene/protein interaction network was constructed, which comprises 79 interactors with 718 interactions and TP53, MAPK8, MAPK1, CASP3, MAPK14, ATM, NOTCH1, VEGFA, SIRT1, and PRKDC are the top 10 proteins in the network with high betweenness centrality values. Further, molecular complex detection was used to cluster these associated partners in the network, which produced three effective clusters based on the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) score. Interestingly, we found a high functional similarity from the associated genes/proteins in the network with known radiation response genes. @*Conclusion@#This network-based approach on DEGs of human lymphocytes upon response to ionizing radiation provides clues for an opportunity to improve therapeutic efficacy.
RESUMO
Ionizing radiation induces oxidative stress due to free radicals production. The in vitro study has shown that tender coconut water (TCW) of West Coast tall variety exhibits potent antioxidant property. Here, we attempted to evaluate the potency of TCW in reducing radiation induced oxidative stress in the mice model. The LD50/30 dose of electron beam radiation (EBR) for Swiss albino mice was assessed and was found to be 9.33Gy. Therefore, a sublethal dose of 6Gy was selected for further intervention studies to assess the levels of antioxidants. To evaluate the effective dose, the mice were irradiated with a lethal dose of 10Gy with the oral intervention of 50, 100 and 200 µL of TCW/20 g body wt. of mice. Findings of the study suggest that 100 µL/20 g body wt. was found to be effective in decreasing the mortality of irradiated mice. Further, intervention with TCW significantly increased the antioxidant levels compared to that of radiation control group. The results suggest that TCW exhibits radioprotective activity by potentiating the antioxidant levels in mice exposed to a sublethal dose of whole body EBR.
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Allium sativum (Garlic) have been known since from ancient years for its medicinal properties. It is widely used as antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulant, anticancer, hypoglycaemicand hypocholesteromic. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different concentration ofethanolic extract of Allium sativum extract on cultured human lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity was assessed by tryphan blue dye exclusion assay, single strand DNA damage was studied by alkaline comet assay and apoptosis was assessed by DNA diffusion assay. The percentage of live and dead cells was counted in cell viability assay. In comet assay tail length, percentage tail DNA and olive tail movement were considered as parameters for DNA damage. In DNA diffusion assay number of apoptotic cells counted comparing the normal cell nucleus and apoptotic cell nucleus. The study was performed in 3 concentrations of Allium sativum extract, 10, 50 and 100μg/ml including untreated control group. The results showed that all the comet parameters was significantly (p<0.05) increased by the effect of Allium sativum extract, which was dose dependent. Percentage of apoptotic cells also increased with higher concentration of the garlic. These results conclude, the cytotoxicity induced by the garlic extract is directly proportional to the single strand DNA break. The increase in the DNA damage positively correlates to the number of apoptotic cells present in the culture medium.