Functional somatic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Functional somatic symtpoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of the research was to study the prevalence and typology of Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS) in patients with depression. Methodology: A total of 50 patients participated in the study. They were assessed on Bradford Somatic Symptom inventory for Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for severity of depression, and Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale? anxiety index (CPRS?AI) for anxiety symptoms. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 41.36 years (SD?12.79). Gender distribution was gender distribution (male ? 60% vs. females 40%). Majority of the symptoms were found in married (84%), Hindus (92%), and from nuclear family (58%). A more than half of the patients were from urban background (76%). The mean duration of illness at the time of assessment was 36 months. As per BDI severity score 36% have mild, 38% have moderate and 26% have severe depression. Total mean CPRS-AI is (8.78±4.46).The more common FSS as assessed on Bradford Somatic Inventory were severe headache (88%), feeling tired when not working (86%), lack of energy (weakness) much of the time (84%), pain in legs (82%), aches and pains all over the body (72%), mouth or throat getting dry (72%), head feeling heavy (70%), head feeling hot or burning (68%), pain or tension in neck and shoulder (66%), low back trouble (66%) and sweating a lot (64%). The prevalence and typology of FSS was to a certain extent influenced by the sociodemographic variables and severity of depression. Conclusion: Functional somatic symptoms are highly prevalent in depressed patients and hence deserve more attention while diagnosing depression

A Study Of Prevalence Of Major Depressive Disorder In Patients Primarily Have Headache As A Symptom

Given the stigma regarding psychiatric illnesses in our country, it is common for patients to visit the O.P.D. with the primary generalized complain which requires a medical personnel to create a rapport and unmask the underlying stressor. Based on surveys like these, training modules can be developed for General practitioners and Community Level Health care workers to create awareness and unmask underlying stressor. Aims andObjectives1 To establish the prevalence of M.D.D. in patients reporting headache as their primary symptom 2To establish co-existence of M.D.D. with Headache disorders 3To quantify the severity of M.D.D. (if present) Materials and MethodologyPatients coming to O.P.D. of a Private multi-speciality hospital, having full time psychiatry facilities, primarily for treatment of Headache were studied. The patients were first exposed to International Classification of Headache, Then Mini Psychiatric Scale and then if the patients came positive for MDD then they were exposed to HDRS. Result and DiscussionThe main findings of our study are: Maximum proportion of patients presenting to a General Hospital O.P.D. with the primary complain of Headache cannot be classified into a particular type of Headache as per I.C.H. Prevalence of Headache is more common in Females as compared to Males. Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder is also more common in Females as compared to Males. The prevalence of Moderate type of Major Depressive Disorder is the most common amongst the various grades of M.D.D. this is consistent in both the sexes. The co-existence of M.D.D. was most rampant with Tension Type Headache and Least common with Cluster type Headache. ConclusionThe studyshows how frequently and rampantly Headache and Major Depressive Disorder co-exist and it highlights the need to train the staff and doctors at the Primary and Community Health-care level to explore and create a rapport with the patients visiting the O.P.D. to get to the root of their problems and make sure that the stigma associated with Psychiatric illnesses doesn’t lead to people not opening up to the physician, directly increasing the burden of Psychiatric morbidities on the country

A Survey On Comparison Between Psychological And Social Problems Faced By Students Of Municipal Corporation Run Schools Vs Private Schools

Introduction-There is a common perception in the society that private run schools are much better at preparing students for the real world when compared to government of municipal corporation run schools. At the same time, it is also very important to understand the challenges faced by students of both the types of educational institutions since an appropriate and targeted counselling basedintervention and in the further step, prophylactic counselling tools can be designed, targeted at both the types of institutes. In a world where students live with teachers more than with their own parents it is also very important to understand their grievances and insecurities and solve them by a bipartisan approach using all the resources at our disposal.Aim –This study is aimed at comparing the problems of Municipal Corporation run school’s students vs Private School’s students