Role of cystic duct in gall stone disease clinico pathological correlation

Fifty cases with gall stone were included in this study 35 females and 15 males with mean age 46 years. The presence of gall stones was proved by ultrasonography and or cholecystography. All patients were investigated for liver functions, blood picture, blood sugar and serum creatinine before the operation. Exploration of common bile duct was done in 4 cases, cholesterol stone was found in 6 cases, pigment stones in 14 and remaining [30] with mixed [infected] stones. The cystic duct and gall bladder were examined grossly and histologically. The cystic duct was narrowed in 68% of cases and shared more or less the same inflammatory changes and its sequele as in the gall bladder associated with gall stones. Also, it is recommended to examine the cystic duct in any gall bladder specimen. The cystic duct plays an active role in the flow of bile into and out of the gall bladder.So its pathological changes may share in the pathogenosis of gall stones even in absence of inflammatory process in the gall bladder

Connective tissue stroma in malignant bladder and benign denuding cystitis

120 patients were the material of this study. 50 patients with carcinoma insitu, 20 patients with papillary transitional cell carcinoma and 50 patients with benign cystitis of diverse aetiology. The stromal characteristics in papillary and non-papillary tumours of the urinary bladder were investigated in an attempt to improve the accuracy of histological diagnosis. It is possible to differentiate true papillary tumours from pseudopapillary structures lined by carcinoma insitu accompanied by denuding cystitis and cystitis due to other aetiological factors. It is concluded that histological factors. It concluded that histopathological examination of the stroma of the bladder tumours improves diagnostic accuracy