Isolation and identification of secondary metabolite acetone extract Aaptos sp. and its antioxidant properties and acute toxicity

Aaptos sp. can be developed and utilized as a new antioxidant source. This study aims to investigate the antioxidantactivity and its acute toxicity of acetone ASE stands for Aaptos sp. Extract and its isolates. Aaptos sp. was extractedby acetone, followed by fractionating with vacuum liquid chromatography, liquid–liquid partition, and radialchromatography. Each step was intervened with thin-layer chromatography. Isolates identified by comparing theirphysical properties and 1H and 13C NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrum with literature data.Antioxidant activity assayed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the acute toxicity assayed with brine shrimp lethalitytest. Isolates of ASE (44 g) obtained were AS1 (50 mg), AS2 (23 mg), AS3 (8.3 mg), and AS4 (22 mg). AS1 isidentified as cholestanol. Antioxidant activity assayed qualitatively showed that ASE, AS1, AS2, and AS5 wereshowing as antioxidant activity, only ASE had IC50 values 16.10 µg/ml. LC50 of ASE, AS1, AS2, and AS5 were 1,041.5µg/ml; 1,488.33 µg/ml; 681,87 µg/ml; and 783,21 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, there are four isolates from theASE although only cholestanol (AS1) successfully identified. ASE, AS1, AS2, and AS5 have antioxidant activity butonly IC50 of ASEwas measured and they are regarded as safe with LC50 > 1,000 for ASE and LC50 > 200 for its isolates.

Effects of Indonesian marine sponges ethanol extracts on the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts of Indonesian marine sponges (Callyspongia sp.,Melophlus sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp.) on the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats. The antihyperlipidemicstudy of these sponges is firstly reported in this study. Experimental hyperlipidemic rats were induced by daily intakeof propylthiouracil (1.8 mg/200 g b.wt and quail yolk (10 ml/kg) for the duration of 3 weeks. Hyperlipidemic ratgroups were administered orally with three doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) of the ethanol extracts for 1-week onward.Blood sample was then collected via intracardiac puncture and serum was biochemically analyzed. Ethanol extractsof Callyspongia sp., M. sarasinorum, and Xestospongia sp. at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg exhibited a significantreduction of cholesterols, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. These doses also significantly increased the highdensity lipoprotein level. Levels of atherogenic indices (Atherogenic Index, Atherogenic Index Plasma, Castelli’s RiskIndex-I, and Castelli’s Risk Index-II) were also decreased by both doses with percentages protection ranging from70.6% to 81.6%. These results showed that ethanol extracts of Callyspongia sp., M. sarasinorum, and Xestospongiasp. exhibited a lipid-lowering activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Hence, these extracts could be used as sources of leadmolecules in the development of natural lipid-lowering agents from marine species