RESUMO
The objectives of this study were to conduct the computer program for pharmaceutical care in smoking cessation and to evaluate computer program satisfaction of pharmacists in drug store. The study design was an experimental study during January 1st to October 27th, 2006. The computer program was made by using Visual Basic. NET Windows Media Player Microsoft Word 2002 and Microsoft Access 2003 on Windows XP Professional Edition operating system. The first page of the computer program consisted of 10 buttons: steps to use computer program, seven days before quitting, ways to quit smoking, tobacco withdrawals and management, suggestion for self-quit, drugs for helping quit smoking, the calculation of smoking cost, smoking cessation video, why were you smoking? and second-hand smoking. Smokers who need to quit could push the buttons without registration. The smokers who were interested in quitting smoking by this program had to register for defining username and password to access the computer program each visit. Computer program was conducted and improved by specialists before implementing in a drug store with a smoking cessation clinic. There were 16 pharmacists. The majority of the pharmacists were female (81.25%) and age between 20 and 29 years (68.75%). The most mean score of content satisfaction was the usefulness and interesting of content (4.68 score). The least mean score of content satisfaction was clear contents and easy understanding (3.50 score). For design and usability, the most mean score of satisfaction was to enable to search information (4.56 score) and the least mean score of satisfaction was spending time in computer program (3.81 score). The mean score satisfaction 4.94 of utility was the usefulness of computer program. The least mean score of this satisfaction was contents that cause quit smoking (4.44 score). Determining total satisfaction of computer program, major pharmacists had high level of satisfaction (4.44 score). Therefore, the computer program may be an alternative tool to help pharmaceutical care of smoking cessation in drug store or resource of smokers who need quit by themselves.
RESUMO
The objectives of this study were to compare before and after pharmaceutical care in patient’s INR, knowledge scores about disease, warfarin treatment and correction of self-management while using warfarin, number and type of warfarin-related problems. Patients who were treated with warfarin and got service in the anticoagulation clinic at Roi-Et Hospital during January 9 to April 12, 2006 were recruited. This study was a before and after experimental study with no control group. Primarily, 60 patients were included but one was excluded because of irregular attendance at treatment follow up. Among 59 patients, 39 were women (66.1%) and 20 were men (33.9%). Their average age was 51.1 ± 10.7 years old. Most patients either before or after pharmaceutical care had INR lower than the target INR (69.5% and 47.5%, respectively). The number of patients who had INR lower than the target INR was significantly decreased than before pharmaceutical care (p \< 0.001). The average knowledge scores about disease, warfarin treatment and correction of self-management while using warfarin before and after pharmaceutical care were 6.58 ± 1.62 and 9.80 ± 1.30, respectively. There was a significant increase in the average score after pharmaceutical care (p \< 0.001). Warfarin-related problems before pharmaceutical care were 70 in 43 patients (72.9%). The most common types of problem were non-compliance (27.2%), subtherapeutic dosage (25.7%), and bleeding (21.4%). After pharmaceutical care, there were 20 problems in 16 patients (27.1%). The type of these problems included subtherapeutic dosage (35.0%), drug-drug interaction (35.0%), and bleeding (30.0%). The number of warfarin-related problems was significantly decreased after pharmaceutical care (p \< 0.001). Therefore, the drug counseling and pharmaceutical care by pharmacists for patient who used medication could help reduce drug-related problems, increase knowledge, understand warfarin therapy and correct self-management that would lead to increase the effectiveness of therapy and patients’ quality of life.