RESUMO
Objective@#To examine the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors and its sex differences among college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for intervention and controlling of high risk sexual behaviors of the college students.@*Methods@#From November 2020 to May 2021, 1 920 college students among four universities in Hubei Province were recruited by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling, and their sexual orientation and the frequency of high risk sexual behaviors were investigated by a self designed questionnaire. And then analyzed the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors and its sex differences by using Chi square test and Logistic regression analysis method.@*Results@#The prevalence of sexual behaviors was 18.2%, the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was 7.2%, and the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was higher among non heterosexuals(13.5%) than among heterosexuals (6.7%),the prevalence of high risk sexual behaviors was higher among males (9.2%) than among females(5.3%)，and the differences were statistically significant( χ 2=9.40, 10.77, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors was not statistically significant( OR=1.52, 95%CI=0.83-2.80, P >0.05). However, stratified analysis by sex revealed that among male students, the risk of high risk sexual behaviors was 3.57 times higher among non heterosexuals than among heterosexuals( OR= 3.57 , 95%CI=1.52-8.41, P <0.01), while among female students, the association between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors was not statistically significant( OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.15-1.57, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#There are sex differences in the relationship between sexual orientation and high risk sexual behaviors among college students. Male non-heterosexuals are at higher risk for high risk sexual behaviors than male heterosexuals. Therefore, prevention and interventions for high risk sexual behaviors among college students should focus on gay and bisexual men so as to reduce the occurance rate of their high risk sexual behaviors.
RESUMO
Abstract@#To curb the epidemic of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out various intervention studies. But the effects of similar intervention measures are not consistent, which may be related to the compliance of intervention studies. Compliance evaluation can better explain the correlation between intervention measures and effects, and strengthening compliance can promote intervention effects. However, at present, there are some problems in compliance evaluation, such as a small number of studies, incomplete evaluation indicators, low quality of evaluation methods, and difficulty in specific implementation, which need to be further solved. In future studies, it is necessary to think about measures that can promote compliance before the intervention, and collect data as much detail as possible on compliance during the implementation process to better evaluate the effects of intervention.
RESUMO
Objective@#To analyze the association between physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children, and to provide evidence for childhood obesity prevention and control.@*Methods@#Using a case control study design, 109 overweight or obese children (the case group) were recruited from four kindergartens from a community of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and 117 children with normal weight in the same kindergarten (the control group) were recruited as control. Gender and age were matched between the case and the control group. Univariate analysis was used to compare the demographics, physical activity time, screen time, sleep and diet characteristics between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity in preschool children with adjustment for covariates.@*Results@#After adjusting for age, gender, average daily sleep time, the total score of Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Chinese diet balance index for preschool children (DBI-C), children with <3 h of daily physical activity had an increased risk of overweight and obesity compared with those with ≥3 h of physical activity ( OR=2.55,95%CI=1.16-5.64，P =0.02), and the risk of overweight and obesity increased with each additional quartile of daily screen time in children ( OR=2.44,95%CI=1.69-3.52, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are independent risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to effectively increase physical activity and reduce screen time for overweight and obesity prevention and control in preschool children.
RESUMO
Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity on self-efficacy, weight perception, and stage of behavior change, and to provide a scientific evidence for childhood obesity interventions.@*Methods@#The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial. Twelve primary schools and 1 889 children (aged 7-11 years) from Dongcheng District in Beijing were recruited in September, 2013, and were administered a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity. Six schools (930) were randomly allocated to the intervention group, and six schools (959) were randomly allocated to the control group. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out, R 4.0.3 software was used to analyze the data, and multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the intervention effect.@*Results@#After the intervention, mean (standard deviation) scores of self-efficacy among children in the intervention and control groups were (4.4±0.9) and (4.2±1.1), respectively. After the intervention, the proportion of children in the intervention group who underestimated or overestimated their body weight was 28.4% and 11.3 %, respectively, while the figures in the control were 37.1% and 6.9%; compared with the control, the risk of underestimating body weight decreased among children in the intervention group( OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.52-0.80, P <0.01), while the risk of weight overestimation increased( OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.26-2.54, P <0.01). After the intervention, the proportion of children in the contemplation or action stage of behaviour change was 65.3% and 83.6%, while the figures in the control group were 59.8% and 69.8 %, respectively; in comparison with the control group, more children in the intervention group were in comtemplation ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI=1.03-1.59, P =0.02) or action stage of behaviour change( OR=2.59, 95%CI=2.04-3.27, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity improved self-efficacy, weight perception, and facilitated behavior change, but may increase the risk of weight overestimation.
RESUMO
Objective@#To investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of UDP glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 ( UGT1A1 ) with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and levels of serum lipids in Beijing children, and to provide scientific evidence for the study of genetic mechanism.@*Methods@#In total, 1 027 children aged 7-18 years were recruited from two primary schools and three middle schools from Haidian district of Beijing, who were randomly assigned to case group ( n =162) and control group ( n =865). General condition and medical history were collected by trained field health workers. Height, weight and liver ultrasound were examined. Additionally, fasting venous blood were collected to detect serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UGT1A1 were genotyped. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the associations between three SNPs of UGT1A1 and NAFLD, ALT and levels of serum lipids.@*Results@#The SNP rs 10929303 (C>T) of UGT1A1 was negatively associated with NAFLD( OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.32- 0.83 , P =0.01), while the SNP rs 4148323 (G>A) was negatively associated with the serum level of TC ( B=-0.10, 95%CI=-0.19- -0.02 , P =0.02); in addition, results were consistent regardless of whether the TC level was measured using a categorical variable or continuous variable.@*Conclusion@#The SNP rs 10929303 of UGT1A1 is associated with NAFLD, and the SNP rs 4148323 of UGT1A1 is associated with TC levels in Beijing children.
RESUMO
Objective@#To study the compliance and associated factors of smartphone application (APP) usage in childhood dietary and exercise intervention.@*Methods@#Based on one childhood intervention of diet and exercise in Beijing, Changzhi of Shanxi Province and Urumqi of Xinjiang Province, 694 children (and their primary caregivers) in the intervention group were investigated regarding usage of APP during the intervention. Compliance of APP usage was evaluated by the click times of APP, and Logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of the compliance.@*Results@#The median (inter quartile range) click times of APP in the four modules (information dissemination, behavior monitoring, homework uploading and feedback) were 10 (5，21), 20 (14，26), 7(4，10), 26 (15，53), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that compliance of APP usage was higher among subjects in Changzhi region ( OR =1.67，95% CI =1.12-2.48), whose primary caregiver was mother ( OR =1.55，95% CI =1.09-2.22), or whose mother did not work ( OR =0.47， 95% CI =0.31-0.74).@*Conclusion@#Compliance of APP usage was generally high in the childhood intervention of diet and exercise. Some factors are associated with compliance of APP usage. Findings of the study provide a scientific basis for better implementation of APP based childhood interventions of diet and exercise in the future.
RESUMO
Objective@#To study the relationship between nutrition status and physical fitness in 8-10 year-old children in 3 cities, and to provide a scientific reference for improving physical condition of chidren of pre-school age.@*Methods@#To investigate the weight, height and physical fitness (standing long jump, endurance running, rope skipping in one minute and sit-ups in one minute) of 1 384 children in grade four from 24 primary schools in Beijing, Changzhi, Urumchi in 2018. Evaluated overweight and obesity by using the standard of “Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children”. Then used mixed linear model to compare the physical fitness of students with different nutritional status and to analyze the relationship between BMI and physical fitness.@*Results@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 17.41% and 23.48%, respectively. And the prevalence in boys was both more than that in girls(χ2=9.84，47.68，P<0.01). The increase in BMI of children from the same age and the same gender was related with the decrease in physical fitness by correlation analysis(P<0.05). In comparison method, the performance of the students of normal weight was better than obese students, but the male and female students had got the same results in their physical fitness test(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a negative correlation between nutrition status and physical fitness and the physical fitness in normal weight and obese children are better than the overweight children or obese children.
RESUMO
Objective@#To study the relationship between rs1136410 polymorphism in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene (PARP-1) with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents, and to provide a reference for demonstrating the mechanism of obesity and NAFLD of children and adolescents and making the early prevention strategies.@*Methods@#In total, 2 030 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Liver B-ultrasound detection were performed in a subgroup. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TDF MS) was used for genotyping the rs1136410 polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between rs1136410 polymorphism and obesity or NAFLD in children and adolescents.@*Results@#Totally, 1 325 subjects were in non-obese group and 705 subjects were in obese group. The frequency of G allele and A allele were 43.86% and 56.14%. After adjusting for gender, age, and study population, the risk of obesity increased by 1.17 times for each additional A allele of rs1136410 polymorphism(OR=1.17, 95%CI=1.02-1.33, P=0.03). And the risk of NAFLD increased by 1.43 times for each additional A allele of rs1136410 polymorphism(OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.11-1.85, P=0.01). After further adjustment for BMI, rs1136410 polymorphism was not associated with NAFLD(P=0.70).@*Conclusion@#The rs1136410 polymorphism in PARP-1 gene is associated with obesity and NAFLD in children and adolescents. The effect of the gene polymorphism on NAFLD is mediated by BMI.
RESUMO
Objective@#To investigate the incidence of malnutrition in children and adolescents aged between 8 and 16 years in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province and to explore the impact of lower body mass index in early childhood on malnutrition in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort of 2 188 students with complete data on weight and height from grade one in primary school to grade one in high school in Zhongshan were included in this analysis. Normal weight individuals with BMI lower than the 50th percentiles (P50) were defined as lower BMI, according to "Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students" in 2005. Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents in 2014 (WS/T 456—2014) was used to define malnutrition. Prevalence and incidence of malnutrition was calculated, and chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the incidence of malnutrition between children with BMI <P50 and those with BMI ≥P50 at baseline.@*Results@#The prevalence of malnutrition was 15.08% for children in grade one of primary school, which reached highest of 16.32% in grade two of primary school and decreased to 7.27% in grade one in high school. The annual incidence of malnutrition among students with normal weight decreased from 8.37% in grade two in primary school to 1.22% in grade one in high school. Boys with lower BMI in grade one in primary school had the incidence of malnutrition with 12.47% in grade two in primary school, while those with BMI ≥P50 had the incidence of 0.63%. Girls with lower BMI had higher incidence of malnutrition than those with BMI ≥P50.@*Conclusion@#Incident malnutrition between grade one in primary school and grade one in high school is more likely to occur in early childhood. Lower BMI in early childhood significantly increases the risk of malnutrition in children and adolescents. Malnutrition prevention should be implemented from early childhood, especially for those with lower BMI.
RESUMO
Background: Malate involves in the citrate/malate and transhydrogenase cycles to provide precursors for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesis. The optimal strategy was investigated for increasing DHA production in Schizochytrium species during fermentation. Results: DHA production increased by 47% and reached 5.51 g/L when 4 g malate/L was added during the rapid lipid accumulation stage in shake-flasks culture. Inducing effects of malate was further investigated through the analysis of three kinetic parameters, including specificcell growth rate(μ), specific glucose consumption rate (qGlu)and DHA formation rate (qDHA). DHA concentration was enhanced through a novel fed-batch strategy to a maximum value of 30.7 g/L, giving a yield of 0.103 g DHA/g glucose and a productivity of 284 mg L-1 h-1. Conclusion: A novel malate feeding strategy was developed that enhanced DHA yield and productivity of Schizochytrium species which may offer a desirable method for industrial applications.
Assuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/metabolismo , Microalgas/metabolismo , Malatos/metabolismo , Cinética , Biomassa , Fermentação , NADPRESUMO
The changes in the tau protein phosphorylation and expression of bcl-2,and bax in rat parietal cortex neurons after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)were explored,and the relationship between the tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of bax or apoptosis was clarified in order to elucidate the relationship between cerebral infarction and Alzheimer's disease.The rat focal cerebral I/R model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method.The level of tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396,Ser404,Tyr231,Ser199/202 sites and the expression of bcl-2,bax and total tau 5 in rat parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were detected by Western blot.The relationship between the tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of bax,or apoptosis was examined by TUNEL method and double-labeling immunofluorenscence method.The results showed that the level of tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199/202,Ser396,Ser404,Tyr231 sites and the expression levels of bcl-2,and bax were significantly higher in I/R group than in the sham group,bat the ratio of bcl-2/bax was decreased.Neuronal apoptosis,bax expression and the tau protein hyperphosphorylation were co-localized.It is suggested that Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes occur after cerebral I/R.The highly abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein plays a key role in cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis.The cerebral infarction may contribute to Alzheimer's disease occurrence and development.