Level of physical activity in leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshang District / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the determinants of physical activity during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai based on socio-ecological model, so as to provide basis for health promotion in adolescents. @*Methods@#Six public junior high schools were randomly selected from Jinshan District and then a class was selected from every grade. The physical activity of the students in the spare time of one week was monitored. The determinants of physical activity were investigated through a self-designed questionnaire based on socio-ecological model,and were analyzed by optimal scaling regression. @* Results@#A total of 645 questionnaires were sent out, 622（96.43%）of which were valid. The median time spent on active physical activity after school on weekdays and at weekends was 29.00 min and 45.00 min, respectively. The scores of individual, interpersonal and environmental factors were 10.53 ± 2.04, 5.10 ± 1.51 and 8.31 ± 1.85,respectively. The results of the optimal scaling regression analysis showed that residence（β=-0.117, -0.159）,individual factors（β=0.244,0.277）, interpersonal factors（β=0.113, 0.085）and environmental factors（β=-0.140, -0.120) were the influencing factors for the physical activity in extracurricular time on weekdays and at weekends. On weekdays, the influence of individual factors was the largest （62.2%）,followed by interpersonal factors（20.8%）and residence（16.8%）. At weekends, the influence of individual factors was the largest（65.4%）, followed by residence（23.6%）and interpersonal factors（10.5%）.@*Conclusions@#The physical activity level during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District is most affected by individual factors, followed by interpersonal factors and residence. The time spent on physical activity at weekends is insufficient, and the influence of residence is behind individual factors.

Ramipril can alleviate the accumulation of renal mesangial matrix in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-1

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the impact of Ramipril (RAM) on the expressions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and renal mesangial matrix (RMM) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal control (NC) group (n = 12), DN group (n = 11), and DN+RAM group (n = 12). The ratio of renal weight to body weight (RBT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, 24-h urine protein (TPU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), renal pathological changes, the levels of IGF-1, fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col-IV), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 were compared among the groups. Results: Compared with NC group, the RBT, FBG, HbA1c, TPU, BUN, Cr, and RMM in DN group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the IGF-1, FN, and Col-IV were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while MMP was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with DN group, the indexes except for the FBG and HbA1c in DN+RAM group were significantly improved (P < 0.05), among which IGF-1 exhibited significant positive correlation with TPU(r=0.937), FN(r=0.896) and Col-IV(r=0.871), while significant negative correlation with MMP-2 (r=-0.826) (P<0.05). Conclusion: RAM may protect the kidneys by suppressing IGF-1 and mitigating the accumulation of RMM.

The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China / A situação atual e contramedidas para a conservação de árvores antigas e famosas em Laoshan, Qingdao, China

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examined the characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, including species composition, number of individuals, origin, distribution, and age structure, to highlight the values of inheriting history and culture, improving urban environment, protecting regional biodiversity, promoting tourism economy and so on. The analyses was made through field surveys and quantitative analyses of statistical data and relevant literature, The main issues in their conservation are investigated and priority conservation measures are proposed. Results showed that there are 290 ancient and famous trees, comprising 42 species, 34 genera, and 26 families. These included four types of ancient and famous trees with different origins, namely religious trees planted by Buddhists, naturally preserved wild trees, trees with agricultural backgrounds for providing food or used as offerings, and exotic trees introduced from other places. There are relatively more local species and comparatively more elder trees. Ancient and famous trees are distributed in large numbers in Mountain Lao Scenic Area and many of them fall into temperate genera. Currently, ancient and famous tree conservation in Laoshan District is challenging because of issues such as habitat deterioration, severe effects of natural hazards, pests and diseases, weakening physiological function, and inadequate management. Based on all these analyses, countermeasures are proposed, which include regularly inspecting ancient and famous trees, restoring their habitats, reinforcing pest and disease controls, promoting studies on conservation technologies, improving management practices, increasing grants, and reforming the ownership system of ancient and famous trees.

RESUMO: No presente estudo foram examinadas as características, incluindo espécies, número, origem, distribuição e estrutura etária de árvores antigas e famosas no distrito de Laoshan, cidade de Qingdao, província de Shandong, China. Para tal empregou-se um levantamento de campo e análises quantitativas de dados estatísticos e literatura relevante disponível. As principais questões relativas à sua conservação foram investigadas e medidas de conservação prioritárias são propostas. Os resultados mostraram que existem 290 árvores antigas e famosas, compreendendo 42 espécies, 34 gêneros e 26 famílias. Estes incluíram quatro tipos de árvores antigas e famosas com origens diferentes, como as árvores religiosas, árvores silvestres naturalmente preservadas, árvores agrícolas ou usadas como oferendas, e árvores exóticas originarias de outros locais. Há relativamente mais espécies nativas e comparativamente mais árvores mais velhas. Muitas árvores antigas e famosas são distribuídas na área cênica Mountain Lao e muitas delas pertencem a gêneros temperados. Atualmente, a conservação de árvores antigas e famosas no Distrito de Laoshan é desafiadora devido a questões como deterioração do habitat, efeitos severos de perigos naturais, pragas e doenças, enfraquecimento da função fisiológica e manejo inadequado. Medidas foram propostas, por exemplo, inspecionar regularmente árvores antigas e famosas, restaurar seus habitats, reforçar controles de pragas e doenças, promover estudos sobre tecnologias de conservação, melhorar práticas de manejo, aumentar subsídios e reformar o sistema de propriedade de árvores antigas e famosas.

Relationships of interleukin-10 with the regulatory T cell ratio and prognosis of cervical cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, changes in peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (PBCDT) ratios, and the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) patients. METHODS: Seventy patients with CC composed the observation group, and 70 healthy subjects composed the control group. The PBCDT ratios in the CC patients and healthy subjects were calculated. Serum IL-10 levels were detected with a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The PBCDT ratio was higher in the patients with active CC [12.16±2.41%] than in the control subjects [6.34±1.05%]. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in the patients with CC [384±106 pg/ml] than in the control subjects [104±50 pg/ml]; the differences in both PBCDT ratio and IL-10 level were statistically significant (p<0.01). Serum IL-10 levels were positively correlated with PBCDT ratios (r=0.375, p<0.05). The 5-year patient survival rate was significantly higher in the low serum IL-10 group (64.2%) than in the high serum IL-10 group (42.8%, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: PBCDT ratios and serum IL-10 levels are related to CC activity. These factors are reciprocally related and influence one another, and both are involved in the development and progression of CC. Low IL-10 expression is beneficial regarding the survival of patients with CC.

Morphology, distribution and abundance of antennal sensilla of the oyster mushroom fly, Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen) (Diptera: Scatopsidae)

ABSTRACT We investigated the distribution, morphology and abundance of antennae sensilla of Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen) using scanning electron microscopy. Antennae of C. fuscipes consisted of scape, pedicel, and flagellum with eight flagellomeres. Antennal scape and pedicel had only one type of sensillum, i.e., sensilla chaetica. Significant differences were found between the number and distribution of these sensilla. Four types of morphologically distinct sensilla on the flagellum were identified, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichoidea, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla basiconica (three subtypes). Significant differences were found in the abundance and distribution of sensilla among the antennal flagella and diverse flagellomeres in both sexes. Sensilla trichoidea is the most abundant of sensilla discovered on the antennal flagellum. Sensilla chaetica is the largest and longest sensilla among all the types of sensilla found on the antennal surface of C. fuscipes. Sensilla coeloconica is widely distributed all over the flagellum surface except for the first of female. Some significant differences in the abundance and distribution were also observed among sensilla basiconica of flagellum. The probable biological function of each sensillum type was deduced based on the basis of their structure. These results serve as important basis for further studies on the host location mechanism and mating behavior of C. fuscipes.