Advances in research of angiogenesis inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of malignant tumors / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#肿瘤的生长需要血管的生成，不同于正常的血管，异常的肿瘤血管通过改变肿瘤微环境来抑制机体的免疫功能，从而 使肿瘤发生免疫逃逸。抗血管生成治疗可以使肿瘤血管正常化，进而改善机体的免疫功能。免疫检查点抑制剂通过改变肿瘤微 环境，不仅可以提高机体的免疫功能，同时也可以促进肿瘤血管的正常化。本文综述了抗血管生成治疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂 治疗恶性肿瘤的理论依据以及相关的临床数据，为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供更多的治疗策略。

Advance in the study of combining talimogene laherparepvec withimmune checkpoint inhibitorsin malignant melanoma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#目前主要的免疫治疗包括溶瘤病毒、免疫检查点抑制剂、细胞因子、肿瘤疫苗、过继性免疫细胞等。溶瘤病毒是一种很有前景的抗肿瘤新兴制剂，通过选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞、诱导机体产生特异的抗肿瘤免疫反应来实现治疗肿瘤的目的。Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC)是第一个被批准用于治疗转移性恶性黑色素瘤的溶瘤病毒。免疫检查点抑制剂以其显著的临床疗效而备受瞩目。免疫检查点抑制剂在许多实体瘤中取得了很好的疗效，包括CTLA-4及其抑制剂、 PD-1及其抑制剂等。T-VEC与免疫检查点抑制剂抗癌优势互补。溶瘤病毒与联合免疫检查点抑制剂在恶性黑色素瘤的应用包括T-VEC与ipilimumab联合治疗、T-VEC与pembrolizumab联合治疗等。通过将溶瘤病毒与免疫检查点抑制剂联合能够显著延长肿瘤患者生存期。本文对两种免疫疗法联合治疗的合理性及两者联合在恶性黑色素瘤中的应用进展作一综述。

Inducible T-cell co-stimulators regulate the proliferation and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

Abstract Background This study determined the regulatory effects of inducible T-cell co-stimulators (ICOS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells using a RNA interference (RNAi) technique. Methods A RNAi technique was used to knockdown the expression of ICOS. ICOS expression after knockdown was detected as mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. A MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and the Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion. Western blot was carried out to detect the level of Bcl-2, AKT, and PI3K protein expression in different groups. Results The proliferation of HepG2 cells were significantly decreased after ICOS siRNA transfection (EG group). Similarly, the results of the Transwell experiment showed that invasion of HepG2 cells in the EG group was clearly reduced compared to the negative control (NC) and blank control groups (CON). Western blot analysis showed that knockdown of ICOS expression reduced the levels of Bcl-2 and AKT, and also significantly up-regulated the level of PI3K phosphorylation (P < 0.01). Conclusion Down-regulating ICOS expression in HepG2 cells suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. The underlying mechanism may be related to the expression of the downstream factor, PI3K/AKT.

Exression Pattern of Testis-specific Expressed Gene 2 in Cryptorchidism Model and Its Role in Apoptosis of Spermatogenic Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In our previous study,we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2(TSEG-2)from mouse testis.To further investigate its functions,35 male Balb/c mice(8 weeks old)were divided into cryptorchidism group(n=20),sham group(n=10),and control group(n=5).In cryptorchidism group,the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall.In situ hybridization(ISH)was applied to measure the localization of TSEG-2 in mouse testis.Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene.Meanwhile,under the mediation of polyethylenimine(PEI),the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2(n=5)or empty vector(mock,n=5)was transfected into the testis of male mice.The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope.The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL).The results showed that TSEG-2 was expressed in convoluted seminiferous tubules,more precisely,in spermatogonia and spermatocytes.As compared with sham and control groups,the TSEG-2 transcription was significantly enhanced(P<0.05)and was correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes(P<0.05).PEI was efficient in mediating transfection of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis.One week post-transfection,intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo (P<0.05).These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.