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【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between ABO blood types and the risk of malignant tumors in Chaoshan area, Guangdong. 【Methods】 Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of ABO blood types between 45 890 patients with malignant tumors from the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College and 42 465 healthy blood donors from Shantou Central Blood Bank. 【Results】 Among the main types of malignant tumors, the distributions of ABO blood types in patients with esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer were significantly different from that in the normal population (χ2=11.16, P<0.05; χ2=74.36, P<0.05; respectively). People with type B were identified with high risk of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03-1.15, P<0.05; OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.34-1.60, P<0.05), whereas those with type A or O were identified with low risk of head and neck cancer (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.79-0.96, P<0.05; OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.76-0.90, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 ABO blood type distribution in patients with esophageal cancer or head and neck cancer in Chaoshan area may be different from that in normal population, suggesting that different ABO blood types may be associated with the risk of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of low-dose hormone replacement therapy（HRT）on menopausal-related symptoms in young patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.@*Methods@#From March 2016 to September 2018,eighty patients aged 45 years below with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and iatrogenic menopause were recruited,who were diagnosed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Women's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University. Fourty of them performed low dose HRT（1 mg estradiol valerate a day or 1.25 mg tibolone a day）,twenty performed standard dose HRT（1 mg estradiol valerate and 1.25 mg tibolone a day）,another twenty do not perform HRT as a control group. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）,estradiol（E2）,menopausal symptoms（the improved Kupperman score）and incidence of side effects were assessed before and 1,3,6 months after the intervention. @*Results@#There were significant differences in E2 levels,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores among the low dose group,the standard dose group and the control group（all P<0.05）. With the extension of intervention time,E2 levels in the low dose group and the standard dose group increased first and then decreased,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores decreased（all P<0.05）. Compared with the control group,E2 levels,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores in the standard dose group changed more significantly（all P<0.05）. E2 and FSH levels in the low dose group changed less than that in the standard dose group（all P<0.05）,while improved Kupperman scores was close to that in the standard dose group. The incidence rate of side effects in the low dose group was 2.50%,which was lower than 20.00% in the standard dose group（P<0.05）. @*Conclusion@#For young patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma,using low dose HRT may less affects E2 and FSH levels than using the standard dose,but could achieve similar effects in treatment of menopausal-related symptoms.
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Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of early stage cervical adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 62 patients with cervical adenosquamous carcinoma,149 patients with adenocarcinoma and 2 687 patients with squamous carcinoma of stage Ⅰ B-Ⅱ A,who received surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy from June 2006 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The Chi-square test,Kaplan-Meier method,log-rank test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results In patients with adenosquamous carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma,the rates of lymph node metastasis were 33.6％ (50/149),29.0％ (18/62) and 22.0％ (591/2 687),deep stromal invasion were 64.4％ (96/149),75.8％ (47/62) and 55.3％ (1 486/ 2 687) and corpus invasion were 26.2％ (39/149),25.8％ (16/62) and 6.7％ (181/2 687),respectively.Those pathological parameters in adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were higher than those in squamous carcinoma (χ2 =12.170,P=0.002;χ2 =14.660,P=0.001;χ2 =97.732,P=0.000).There were no difference between adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in proportion of massive tumor (≥4 cm) [38.9％ (58/149) vs.35.5 (22/62),χ2 =0.220,P =0.639],lymph node metastasis (χ2 =0.410,P =0.522),corpus invasion (χ2 =0.003,P =0.956),deep stromal invasion (χ2 =2.595,P =0.107) and low differentiation[38.9％ (58/149) vs.48.4％ (30/62),χ2 =1.612,P=0.204].The median follow-up period was 45 (3-92) months.Multivariate analysis showed that corpus invasion (P =0.014,RR =3.393,95％CI:1.280-8.991),age (P=0.000,RR =1.077,95％ CI:1.037-1.117) and stage (P =0.007,RR =0.275,95％ CI:0.108-0.699) were prognostic factors of adenosquamous carcinoma.Age (P =0.006,RR =1.025,95 ％ CI:1.007-1.043) and lymph node metastasis (P =0.000,RR =2.525,95％ CI:1.547-4.120) affected the prognosis of adenocarcinoma.The median survival times for adenocarcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma and squamous carcinoma were 45,46 and 56 months (adenosquamous carcinoma vs.squamous carcinoma:χ2 =1.347,P =0.246;adenosquamous carcinoma vs.adenocarcinoma:χ2 =1.808,P=0.179).There were no difference in recurrence rates between adenosquamous carcinoma and squamous carcinoma[14.0％ (7/50) vs.7.6％ (175/2 298),χ2 =1.968,P=0.161],and between adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma [14.0％ (7/50) vs.22.1％ (27/122),χ2 =1.478,P =0.224].Conclusions Clinicopathologic features are similar between stage Ⅰ B-Ⅱ A cervical adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Corpus invasion,age and stage are the leading indicators affecting the prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma.Age and lymph node metastasis are the factors affecting the prognosis of adenocarcinoma.There are no difference in survival and prognosis between adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for early-stage cervical adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.Methods A total of 62 patients with cervical adenosquamous carcinoma,149 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma,and 2687 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma,all of whom were in stage Ⅰ B-Ⅱ A and were treated from 2006 to 2012,were enrolled,and some of them received postoperative pelvic radiotherapy ± para-aortic extended field radiation ±afterloading radiotherapy.The chemotherapy regimen consisting of DDP,TP,and FP was given to these patients.The chi-square test was used for comparison of general clinical data,the Kaplan-Meier method was used for calculating survival rates,and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis.Results Cervical adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had no significant differences in clinicopathological features (P=0.107-0.639).The high-risk patients with adenocarcinoma had a higher recurrence rate than their low-risk counterparts even after adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (P=0.000).In the patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy,those with adenosquamous carcinoma had the shortest median survival time,followed by those with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P =0.134,0.787);in the patients treated with surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,those with adenocarcinoma had the shortest median survival time,followed by those with adenosquamous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.131,0.643),and the median survival time showed a significant difference between the patients with adenocarcinoma and those with squamous cell carcinoma (P =0.000).In the patients with adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,the patients treated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy had higher incidence rates of short-term adverse reactions than those treated with postoperative radiotherapy (P=0.037,0.003),but the incidence rates of long-term adverse reactions showed no difference between the two groups of patients (P=0.861,0.655).In the patients with adenosquamous carcinoma,the patients treated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy had a lower rate of distant metastasis (P =0.003) and prolonged median overall survival and disease-free survival (both increased by 17 months) (P=0.811,0.799),as compared with those treated with postoperative radiotherapy,while in the patients with adenocarcinoma,the median overall survival and disease-free survival were reduced by 11 and 9 months,respectively (P=0.330,0.115).Conclusions Compared with postoperative radiotherapy,postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for early-stage high-risk cervical adenosquamous carcinoma can reduce the rate of distance metastasis.Compared with radiotherapy,postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cannot improve survival time.