A flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of post-stroke aphasia types in the Chinese language and treatment of post-stroke aphasia / 中华老年医学杂志

This article aims to comprehensively review the concept, etiology, classification, classical cortical mapping, assessment, a proposed flowchart for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, mechanisms of development and recovery, prognosis, and influencing factors for post-stroke aphasia(PSA)types in the Chinese language.We emphasize the necessity and significance of neuroimaging assessment of the brain and blood vessels and neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese.We also recommend and encourage the use of the dichotomies of internal vs.external and anterior vs.posterior as a starting point, based on the association of anatomical locations of the brain and blood vessels with brain language areas and language disorders.A classification system of PSA in Chinese developed from this approach in the form of a flowchart is well-suited for guiding the clinical treatment of cerebral stroke.Incorporating the "four elements" , the flowchart enables convenient diagnosis, classification and differential diagnosis of PSA in Chinese and facilitates targeted and personalized rehabilitation planning to benefit the patient.This article introduces the use of memantine, piracetam, donepezil and other drugs for PSA treatment, evaluates clinical trials on memantine conducted in China and abroad and its mechanisms of action for the treatment of PSA, and discusses how rehabilitation therapy achieves therapeutic effects.For the treatment of PSA, clinical research and practice using drugs such as memantine, piracetam and donepezil in combination with non-pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation training should be promoted.

Study on the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on the learning and memory abilities in rats and the effect of nimodipine / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on learning and memory abilities and to observe the change of nitric oxide (NO) contents in the hippocampi and the effect of nimodipine in rats.Methods With the administration of L ? nitro L arginine(L NA) into bilateral hippocami,the rat model with disorders of learning and memory abilities was established.Then the intraperitoneal injections of nimodipine were given, Y maze tests were performed, and the NO contents in the hippocampi were measured in turn.Results The experiment showed that the learning and memory abilities of model and intervention rats were worse than those of the control rats ( P