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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of depression between social capital and cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions, and provide new ideas for improving the cognitive function of the elderly.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Using the convenient sampling method to collect the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Capital Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) of 218 elderly people from three elderly nursing institutions including Shenyang Health Care Centre, Songpu Nursing Home and Colourful Sunshine City Pension Service Centre in Shenyang from July 2020 to January 2021.Results:A total of 218 questionnaires were distributed and 202 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate was 92.7%. The scores of the cognitive function, depression and social capital of the elderly were (23.60 ± 4.25), (6.38 ± 4.35) and (75.41 ± 8.61). Depression scores were negatively correlated with social capital scores and cognitive function scores ( r = - 0.401, - 0.481, both P<0.05); there was a positive correlation between social capital scores with cognitive function scores ( r = 0.338, P<0.05). There was a mediating effect of depression between social capital and cognitive function, accounting for 42.1%. Conclusions:While improving the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions by improving the level of social capital, it is necessary to pay attention to the mediatingeffect of depression, strengthen the psychological counseling of the elderly, promote mental health, and further reduce the occurrence and development of cognitive decline in the elderly.
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Objective To compare the release rate and bioavailability of progesterone injection with different particle sizes. Methods The preparation of progesterone nano sized injection and micron sized injection were performed by power X-ray diffraction (PXRD)and Fourier trensform infrared spectooscory(FTIR). The dissolution rate of two preparations and progesterone was compared by dialysis Method. HPLC-MS method was used to determine the progesterone concentration of plasma in rats after intramuscular injec-tion of different preparations,and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed statistically. Results Based on the analysis of PXRD and FTIR,there were no crystal structure changes between the two preparations and progesterone. The complete release of progesterone nano sized injection and micron sized injection required 2 and 4 h in the PBS solution,respectively,while the release of progesterone required nearly 40 h. In the pharmacokinetic experiment,compared with progesterone injection,the Cmax of pro-gesterone nano sized injection and micron sized injection were increased by 1.8 and 1.7 times,respectively;the AUC0-t were increased by 2.95 and 1.63 times,respectively. The bioavailability of both was higher than that of progesterone injection. Conclusion The re-lease rate bioavailability of progesterone nano sized injection and micron sized injection is higher than that of progesterone and proges-terone injection. Bioavailability of progesterone nano sized injection is higher than that of progesterone micron sized injection.
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Objective To prepare naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray and evaluate the ciliotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of the formulation. Methods The stability of naloxone hydrochloride was studied in pH3.5-5.5. Penetration promoting effects of absorp-tion enhancers on the naloxone hydrochloride were evaluated. Nasal ciliotoxicity studies were carried out using isolated toad palate. Rats were treated with naloxone hydrochloride solution by intramuscular injection of nasal drops to evaluate the pharmacokinetics. Results Naloxone hydrochloride solution was stable in pH3.5-5.5. Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(0.2%,W/V)had the best penetration promoting effect on naloxone hydrochloride. Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray did not exhibit obvious nasal ciliotox-icity compared to the negative control. The nasal spray had a faster therapeutic effect and its bioavailability was similar to that of the in-tramuscular injection. Conclusion Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray prepared in this research is stable with no obvious nasal cilio-toxicity,has faster therapeutic effect,and good bioavailability,so may have a broad application prospect.
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Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for the determination of disodi-um edetate(EDTA-2Na)in nalmefene hydrochloride injection. Methods Content of EDTA-2Na in nalmefene hydrochloride injection was determined by HPLC. C18 Column was used. The mobile phase consisted of 0.3%tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution-water-acetonitrile(20:45:35)with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The column temperature was 30℃and the injection volume was 20μl. Results The quantification limit and detection limit were 0.199 and 0.060μg/ml,respectively;the linear equation for the disodium edetate was Y=10.125X-0.216,and the calibration curves were linear within the range of 2.4593~7.3780 μg/ml(r=1.000). Each concentration of the average recovery was between 98~102%(n=9)(RSD%=0.58%). Conclusion The method can be used for the determination of EDTA-2Na in nalmefene hydrochloride injection,which is convenient,fast,sensitive and reproducible,with good precision,specificity and accuracy.
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BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that the increase of reproductive activity and self-repair capacity of brain endogenous neural cells might be a valuable method to treat ischemia-hypoxia brain damage. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells and brain functional reconstruction in newborn rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage.METHODS: Newborn rats aged 7 days were prepared for hypoxia-ischemia brain damage models. From the second day of model induction, rats in the laser treatment group were subjected to He-Ne laser irradiation. Acupuncture point included Baihui (DU20) on the median parietal bone, and Dazhui (GV14) between the C7 and T1 and the median back. After the second course, the learning and memory ability of rats were tested by Y-type maze test. Then brain hippocampal sections were made and underwent immunohistochemistry for nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the laser treatment group, the ability of learning and memory were obviously higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05), however, compared with the sham-operated group, the difference was not obviously (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, nestin expression in the dentate gyrus was significantly increased in the model and laser treatment groups (P < 0.05), and the increased range was greater in the laser treatment group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Microtubule-associated protein-2 expression was widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, and darkly stained brown dendrite presented with radiation-shape. Neurons in the hippocampal pyramid and dentate gyrus granular cell layer arranged regularly. Positively stained dendrite presented branch-shape and distributed in the molecular layer. No significant difference was determined between the sham-operated and laser treatment groups. But the microtubule-associated protein-2 expression was significantly weakened in the model group. He-Ne laser irradiation can promote proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage, induce its differentiation into neurons, thus, achieves reconstruction of learning and memory functions.
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BACKGROUND: Acupuncture in Chinese traditional medicine improves capacity of brain on resisting injury and accelerates injury repair in treatment of ischemic brain injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expressions of cerebral nerve growth factor (NGF) and choline acetyltransferase after simultaneous stimulation with electroacupuncture on Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) so as to probe into the protection of electroacupuncture on hypoxia-ischemia brain injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Life Science in Zhengzhou Normal High Training School.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Human Anatomy Department of Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, in which, 50 cleangrade neonatal Wistar rats of 7 days old were employed and randomized into sham-operation group (10 rats), model control (20 rats) and electroacupuncture group (20 rats). Hypoxia cabin was self-made with constant pressure, 40 cm ×50 cm×60 cm in size, with two small holes of 2 cm ×2 cm for each to connect with the external. Soda lime was used to absorb moisture and CO2 in the cabin.The model was not prepared in sham-operation group. In model control and electroacupuncture group, hypoxia-ischemia model was set up. After modeling, the rats in two groups were recovered for 1 to 4 hours at room temperature; afterwards, hypoxia management was performed. The rats were placed in hypoxia cabin with constant pressure at constant temperature of 37 ℃, inputting O2 8 mL/L and mixed gas 920 mL/L, 1.5 L/minute; 2hours later, the rats were returned back to female rats for lactation continuously. In electroacupuncture group, on the 2nd day after modeling, a filiform needle of one cun was used to insert Baihui (GV 20) (midpoint of parietal bone) subcutaneously and Dazhui (GV 14) (between C7 and T1, on the midline of back). Electric stimulation was done simultaneously on two points with continuous wave, 16 Hz in frequency, 10V in intensity, retaining for 10 minutes, once per day, 10 days made 1 course, totally two courses at interval of 2 days. In model control, no any treatment was given group, 22 days after hypoxia and ischemia, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed and brain tissue on the left side was collected to prepare paraffin slices. Immune positive cell was counted on slices of each group under optic microscope. For evaluation on the function of brain nerve cell, hippocampus was selected to count the positive cells of choline acetyltransferase. On each brain slice, 5 visual fields were randomized to calculate the average of positive cells. For evaluation on injury repair of nerve tissue, cortex and hippocampus were selected to count positive cells of cerebral NGF. The method was same as the above.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immune positive cell expressions of choline acetyltransferase and cerebral NGF in brain tissue after electric stimulation in neonatal rats.ferase in brain hippocampus: Compared with sham-operation group, that in model control was lower remarkably, but, there was no obvious change in electroacupuncture group [(24.46±8.24), (13.96±7.62), (25.54±5.05) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05, P ＞ 0.05]; that in electroacupuncture group was of cerebral NGF in cerebral cortex and hippocampus: Compared with sham-operation group, that in both model control and electroacupuncture was increased remarkably [(14.14±6.11), (24.49±8.31), (31.35±9.92) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05; (13.42±5.56), (21.93±5.12), (27.63±7.15) pcs/visual field, P ＜ 0.05], of which, that in electroacupuncture group was higher than model control (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture stimulates central cholinergic nerve system into positive active state in hypoxia-ischemia animals, increases cerebral nerve growth factor in quantity and enhances nerve repair of hypoxia-ischemia animals.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in men with prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine men with prostate cancer underwent BMD determination and then were classified into two groups: non-ADT group (21 cases), who were about to receive ADT, and ADT group (28 cases), who had received ADT for more than 1 year. BMD was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the lumbar spine (L2-4) and femoral neck in all the patients. The Age-Matched Z scores were used as the reference standard for controlling the difference of age, sex and weight.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen (62%) of the non-ADT group and 23 (82%) of the ADT group fulfilled the BMD criteria for osteopenia or osteoporosis. Z scores for the Age-Matched control in the lumbar spine and femoral neck were -(0.9 +/- 0.7) and -(0.6 +/- 0.5) in the non-ADT group, and -(1.8 +/- 1.1) and -(1.6 +/- 1.0) in the ADT group, respectively (P<0.01). The men of the ADT group had significantly lower BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck than those of the non-ADT group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pre-existing osteopenia and osteoporosis are common in men with prostate cancer before ADT. ADT is significantly associated with the loss of BMD and the evaluation of BMD is necessary before ADT for men with prostate cancer.</p>