frequency of metabolic complications in infant of a diabetic mother

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder complicating pregnancy. About 1-14% of all pregnancies are complicated by diabetes mellitus. Metabolic complications are frequently occurring complication in infants of diabetic mother

Objective: To determine the frequency of metabolic complications in infant of diabetic mother

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Duration of Study: January 2016 to June 2016

Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine Unit-1, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Sample size: The total sample size is 295 cases

Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling

Methodology: After taking permission from ethical committee of the hospital total 295 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained from parents. Demographic details like name, age, gestational age at birth and gender was obtained. Neonates were assessed for presence of metabolic complications by drawing 3 ml venous blood and sending it to pathology lab for blood glucose levels, serum calcium and magnesium. Hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, and hypoglycemia were assessed as per operational definition

Results: In our study, out of 295 cases, mean age was calculated as 14.09 +/- 4.75 days, 46.44%[n=137] were male while 53.56%[n=158] were females. Frequency of metabolic complications in infant of diabetic mother was recorded as 18.31%[n=54], 7.11%[n=21] had hypomagnesemia and 39.66%[n=117] had hypoglycemia

Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of hypoglycemia is more common in infant of diabetic mother. However, early diagnoses and start of early treatment may help in reduction of mortality and morbidity of these patients

Evaluation of wound healing effects between Salvadora a persica ointment and Solcoseryl jelly in animal model

In this research study very first time a herbal ointment contain 10% Salvadora persica extract was compared with Solcosseryl jelly 10% and blank Vaseline to evaluate wound healing effects using excision wound healing model in animals. Three groups of rats [n-6] were experimentally wounded on the back of their neck. Group I was dressed with Vaseline containing 10% test drug, Group II was treated with thin layer of Solcoseryl jelly 10% as reference drug while Group III was dressed with thin layer of blank Vaseline as control group. The effect of vehicle on rate of wound healing were assessed and in all cases there were progressive decreased in wound area with time but wound dress with Vaseline containing S. persica extract and wound treated with Solcosseryl jelly significantly healed earlier than those treated with Vaseline. It is concluded that S. persica extract significantly enhance the acceleration rate of wound enclosure in rats

Effects of light activated bleaching and tetra pack orange juice on micro-morphology and composition of dental enamel

To study the effects of 38% Hydrogen peroxide activated with LED light and tetra pack orange juice on micro morphology and mineral content of enamel surface. A total of 45 human enamel discs were incubated in saliva overnight to allow pellicle formation and then divided into three groups: 15 for control [G1], 15 for bleaching treatment [G2], and 15 for orange juice immersions [G3]. Surface micro-morphology, calcium and phosphorus were measured with Scanning electron microscope along with energy dispersive spectroscopy five day after treatment. Enamel discs of group 2 were treated with H2O2 with LED and group 3 with orange juice for 15 min each cycle repeated four times for five days to simulate daily treatment with the products for 5 days. The discs were stored in saliva between treatment cycles. Normality of the variables was checked by Shapiro-Wilk's test and all variables were found to be approximately symmetric. Repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc analysis was run to assess the changes in percentages of calcium and phosphorus due to different application. Mild alteration was seen on enamel surface of control group. The photomicrographs of enamel surface after bleaching and irradiated showed moderate generalized surface roughening. Severe alteration of enamel surface was observed in group 3. Group 3 [Orange juice] produced greater calcium and phosphate loss in comparison with all the other groups [p<0.0001]. No significant difference [p>0.999] was observed in calcium and phosphorus loss between group I [control] and group 2 [bleached]. Group 3 [Orange juice immersion] significantly altered morphology and increased loss of calcium and phosphorus erosion of enamel as compared to group I [control] and group 2 [Bleached] so, there was significant difference between control and immersion group. There was in significant difference between control and bleached group