Homicide: a report of 4,122 cases from Bangkok and provinces.

A retrospective review of 4,122 homicides was carried out between 1991 and 1995. About 47 per cent of cases occurred in the Bangkok Metropolitan area (BKK) and 53 per cent in the nearby provinces. A steady increase in the murder rate was noted in the latter. BKK was the place where most killings occurred, but was probably related to the high number of extrajudicial executions. Of the victims, 86 per cent were men and 14 per cent were women. The incidence peaked in the 3rd decade of life but there was also a rising trend among teenagers. Three major causes of death were firearms, sharp-force, and blunt-force in combination accounting for 92 per cent of the deaths. Firearms alone were used in about half of all murder cases. An analysis of organ injuries in relation to the types of weapons used was also presented. The data indicate the necessity to limit access to firearms.

Effects of law promulgation for compulsory use of protective helmets on death following motorcycle accidents.

This study revealed a significant decrease in mortality from injuries sustained by motorcycle accidents following the decree promulgated in 1992 for compulsory use of safety helmets by motorcyclists and pillion riders. The helmets can help only in protection of head injury but do not affect the number of accidents. This safety device can not protect any serious injuries of the neck, chest or internal organs which could result in death or permanent disability. To gain maximum benefit from the law, the helmets should be of standard specification and worn properly. Education to drivers and pillion riders particularly male adolescents is essential in reducing the incidence of motorcycle accidents.