Research progress of diabetic renal fibrosis / 中国药理学通报

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic renal fibrosis ( DRF) is a major pathological change in the development of DN. In recent years the incidence of renal fibrosis (RF) has remained high. For diabetic patients, RF may expose them to kidney transplantation or even death, which brings a great burden to themselves and their families. Therefore, learning the pathogenesis and the current treat ment status of DRF is crucial for the treatment of the disease and the development of new drugs. Here we review the general situa¬tion of DN, the general situation, molecular mechanism, and the treatment of DRF,looking forward to providing a reference for the research and treatment of DRF.

Research progress in regulating cAMP pathway to prevent and treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国药理学通报

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)is a “second messenger” that regulates cell signal transduction. Adenylyl cyclases(ACs)and phosphodiesterases(PDEs)can directly regulate cAMP level in cells and then regulate the downstream signaling pathways. Increasing intracellular cAMP level can inhibit inflammation and enhance smooth muscle relaxation, which is an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This paper briefly summarizes the signaling pathways regulating cAMP and their mechanisms and related drugs in COPD therapy, hoping to provide references for further research and development of new target drugs which regulate cAMP for the prevention and treatment of COPD.

A Novel Derivative of Panax Notoginseng Sapogenin and Its Antitumor Activity / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To research the derivatives of panax notoginseng sapogenins and their anti-tumor activities. Methods The ginsenosides Rg1 was treated with Smith degradation. The products were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. The structures of the products were determined by NMR spectra. The activity of anti-tumor cells of compound (1) and 1'-hydroxyethanedioxy PT was detected with CDC25B activity assay and fluorescence technique. Results 1'-hydroxyethanedioxy PT , 20 (s)-protopanaxatriol (PT), and 24, 25 - en-3β, 6 α-dihydroxy-12, 20-(1', 2'-isopropylidenedioxy) propanedioxy-dammarane (1) were isolated and identified. Conclusion Compound (1), named 1',2'-isopropylidenedioxy-propanedioxy-pro-panedioxy , is a novel derivative of panax notoginseng sapogenin with better inhibitory activity against CDC25B.

Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation and RigiScan Test for the Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Currently available evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity have been fraught with controversy. In this study, we sought to establish normative Chinese evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity by utilizing audiovisual sexual stimulation and RigiScan™ test (AVSS-Rigiscan test) with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 1169 patients (aged 18-67 years) complained of erectile dysfunction (ED) underwent AVSS-RigiScan test with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. A total of 1078 patients whose final etiological diagnosis was accurate by means of history, endocrine, vascular, and neurological diagnosis, International Index of Erectile Function 5 questionnaire, and erection hardness score were included in the research. Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine the cutoff value of the RigiScan™ data. Then, the multivariable logistic analysis was used in the selected variables.</p><p><b>Results</b>A normal result is defined as one erection with basal rigidity over 60% sustained for at least 8.75 min, average event rigidity of tip at least 43.5% and base at least 50.5%, average maximum rigidity of tip at least 62.5% and base at least 67.5%, △tumescence (increase of tumescence or maximum-minimum tumescence) of tip at least 1.75 cm and base at least 1.95 cm, total tumescence time at least 29.75 min, and times of total tumescence at least once. Most importantly, basal rigidity over 60% sustained for at least 8.75 min, average event rigidity of tip at least 43.5%, and base at least 50.5% would be the new normative Chinese evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, six significant RigiScan™ parameters including times of total tumescence, duration of erectile episodes over 60%, average event rigidity of tip, △tumescence of tip, average event rigidity of base, and △tumescence of base contribute to the risk model of ED. In logistic regression equation, predict value P < 0.303 was considered as psychogenic ED. The sensitivity and specificity of the AVSS-RigiScan test with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in discriminating psychogenic from organic ED was 87.7% and 93.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study suggests that AVSS-RigiScan test with oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors can objectively assess penile tumescence and rigidity and seems to be a better modality in differentiating psychogenic from organic ED. However, due to the limited sample size, bias cannot be totally excluded.</p>

Trigger effect of hMG and hCG in the treatment of unexplainable non-obstructive azoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate whether the trigger effect of human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) attributes to the treatment of unexplainable non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 282 cases of unexplainable NOA treated in the Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Guizhou Province from January 2010 to May 2017. All the patients underwent trigger treatment by intramuscular injection of hMG at 75 IU 3 times a week for 2 weeks, followed by hCG at 2 000 IU twice a week for another 2 weeks, and meanwhile took vitamin E, Levocarnitine and Tamoxifen as an adjunctive therapy. The treatment lasted 3－12 months.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-eight of the 255 patients that completed the treatment were found with sperm in the semen after treatment, all with severe oligoasthenospermia. Forty-seven of the 58 cases received assisted reproductive technology (ART), of which 18 achieved clinical pregnancy. Semen centrifugation revealed no sperm in the other cases, of which 6 were found with epididymal sperm at epididymal and testicular biopsy after treatment and 3 of them achieved clinical pregnancy after ART. Sperm was found in the semen or at epididymal or testicular biopsy in 64 of the patients after treatment, with an effectiveness rate of 25.1%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Trigger treatment by injection of hMG and hCG combined with adjunctive oral medication has a certain effect on unexplainable NOA.

Clinical Profiles and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Adult Chinese Patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that predominantly affects children. Previous studies have mostly involved children in Western developed countries. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients. RESULTS: ADEM occurred during summer and autumn in about two-thirds of the 42 included patients. Prior infection was found in five patients and no preimmunization was recorded. The most frequent clinical presentations were alterations in consciousness (79%) and behavior changes (69%), followed by motor deficits (64%) and fever (50%). About one-quarter (26%) of the patients showed positive results for oligoclonal bands, and about half of them exhibited increases in the IgG index and 24-hour IgG synthesis rate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white- and gray-matter lesions in 83% and 23% of the patients, respectively. Steroids were the main treatment, and full recovery occurred in 62% of the patients, with residual focal neurological deficits recorded in a few patients. After a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, two patients exhibited recurrence and one patient exhibited a multiphasic course. One patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of the seasonal distribution pattern and prior vaccine rate, the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients are similar to those in pediatric populations. No specific markers are available for distinguishing ADEM from MS at the initial presentation. Careful clinical evaluations, cerebrospinal fluid measurements, and neuroradiological examinations with long-term follow-up will aid the correct diagnosis of ADEM.

Clinical Profiles and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Adult Chinese Patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that predominantly affects children. Previous studies have mostly involved children in Western developed countries. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients. RESULTS: ADEM occurred during summer and autumn in about two-thirds of the 42 included patients. Prior infection was found in five patients and no preimmunization was recorded. The most frequent clinical presentations were alterations in consciousness (79%) and behavior changes (69%), followed by motor deficits (64%) and fever (50%). About one-quarter (26%) of the patients showed positive results for oligoclonal bands, and about half of them exhibited increases in the IgG index and 24-hour IgG synthesis rate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed white- and gray-matter lesions in 83% and 23% of the patients, respectively. Steroids were the main treatment, and full recovery occurred in 62% of the patients, with residual focal neurological deficits recorded in a few patients. After a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, two patients exhibited recurrence and one patient exhibited a multiphasic course. One patient was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of the seasonal distribution pattern and prior vaccine rate, the clinical profiles of ADEM in adult Chinese patients are similar to those in pediatric populations. No specific markers are available for distinguishing ADEM from MS at the initial presentation. Careful clinical evaluations, cerebrospinal fluid measurements, and neuroradiological examinations with long-term follow-up will aid the correct diagnosis of ADEM.

Scutellarin attenuates endothelium-dependent aasodilation impairment induced by hypoxia reoxygenation, through regulating the PKG signaling pathway in rat coronary artery / 中国天然药物

Scutellarin (SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we investigated the vasoprotective effects of SCU against HR-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) in isolated rat CA and the possible mechanisms involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent protein kinase (PKG). The isolated endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat CA rings were treated with HR injury. Evaluation of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation relaxation of the CA rings were performed using wire myography and the protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)) could relax the endothelium-intact CA rings but not endothelium-denuded ones. In the intact CA rings, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (PKGI-rp, 4 μmol·L(-1)), significantly blocked SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1))-induced relaxation. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NO-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 100 μmol·L(-1)), did not significantly change the effects of SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)). HR treatment significantly impaired ACh-induced relaxation, which was reversed by pre-incubation with SCU (500 μmol·L(-1)), while HR treatment did not altered NTG-induced vasodilation. PKGI-rp (4 μmol·L(-1)) blocked the protective effects of SCU in HR-treated CA rings. Additionally, HR treatment reduced phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP, phosphorylated product of PKG), which was reversed by SCU pre-incubation, suggesting that SCU activated PKG phosphorylation against HR injury. SCU induces CA vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner to and repairs HR-induced impairment via activation of PKG signaling pathway.

Increased Cognition Connectivity Network in Major Depression Disorder: A fMRI Study

OBJECTIVE: Evidence of the brain network involved in cognitive dysfunction has been inconsistent for major depressive disorder (MDD), especially during early stage of MDD. This study seeks to examine abnormal cognition connectivity network (CCN) in MDD within the whole brain. METHODS: Sixteen patients with MDD and 16 health controls were scanned during resting-state using 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All patients were first episode without any history of antidepressant treatment. Both the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as individual seeds to identify CCN by the seed-target correlation analysis. Two sample t test was used to calculate between-group differences in CCN using fisher z-transformed correlation maps. RESULTS: The CCN was constructed by bilateral seed DLPFC in two groups separately. Depressed subjects exhibited significantly increased functional connectivity (FC) by left DLPFC in one cluster, overlapping middle frontal gyrus, BA7, BA43, precuneus, BA6, BA40, superior temporal gyrus, BA22, inferior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, BA4 and cingulate gyrus in left cerebrum. Health controls did not show any cluster with significantly greater FC compared to depressed subjects in left DLPFC network. There was no significant difference of FC in right DLPFC network between depressed subjects and the health controls. CONCLUSION: There are differences in CCN during early stage of MDD, as identified by increased FCs among part of frontal gyrus, parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, and BA43, BA22, BA4 with left DLPFC. These brain areas might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in MDD.

A new puncture needle with multiple holes for testicular sperm extraction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate a new puncture needle with multiple holes (National Invention Patent of China: ZL 2010202466554) in testicular sperm extraction for infertile males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 215 azoospermia patients, who underwent testicular sperm extraction with a new puncture needle with multiple holes (group A, n = 133), by open biopsy (group B, n = 37), or with a fine needle (group C, n = 45).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first-time success rate was 100% in group A, 19% in B and 100% in C. The average operation time was obviously shorter in group A ([3 +/- 1] min) than in B ([15 +/- 3] min) and C ([7 +/- 2] min). The rate of postoperative complications was 3.0% in group A, significantly lower than in B (21.6%) and C (11.1%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The new puncture needle with multiple holes, with its advantages of accuracy, high first-time success rate, minimal invasiveness and low rate of complications, deserves to be generally applied in testicular sperm extraction.</p>

The urodynamic diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia with coexisting overactive bladder / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the urodynamic features in patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with coexisting overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 235 patients with symptomatic BPH who underwent urodynamic examination during January 2009 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into group of pure BPH, BPH with detrusor overactivity (DO), BPH with coexisting OAB without DO and BPH with coexisting OAB with DO. The difference of age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-volume, maximum flow rate, residual urine volume, bladder volume of first sensation, bladder volume of strong sensation, bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) and the prevalence of decreased detrusor contractility were compared between these groups. The urodynamic characteristics of DO between group of BPH with DO and group of BPH coexisting OAB and DO were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 219 cases were included in the final analysis, with mean age of (66 ± 8) years, mean TRUS-volume was (35 ± 24) ml, mean maximum flow rate was (11 ± 6) ml/s. Of the 219 patients, 93 patients (42.5%) had pure BPH, 11 patients (5.0%) had BPH with DO, 52 patients (23.7%) had BPH coexisting OAB without DO, 63 patients (28.8%) had BPH coexisting OAB and DO. Comparing to group of BPH (n = 104), patients with BPH and OAB (n = 115) were older, had higher IPSS, bigger TRUS-volume, less bladder volume of first sensation and strong sensation, higher BOOI and higher prevalence of decreased detrusor contractility. Comparing to group of BPH with coexisting OAB without DO patients, patients of BPH with coexisting OAB and DO had higher IPSS score (19 ± 12 vs 17 ± 10), bigger TRUS-volume [(51 ± 33) ml vs (43 ± 27) ml], higher BOOI (49 ± 18 vs 37 ± 14). Comparing to patients pure BPH, patients of BPH with DO had less bladder volume of first sensation and bladder volume of strong sensation [(82 ± 41) ml vs (118 ± 35) ml;(335 ± 67) ml vs (419 ± 53) ml]. Comparing to group of BPH with DO, patients of BPH with coexisting OAB and DO had higher maximum DO pressure [(45 ± 36) cmH2O vs (39 ± 30) cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa)] and longer DO time [(7 ± 4) s vs (6 ± 4) s].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The urodynamic features in patients with BPH differ greatly and these information should be helpful in making choice of treatment and in predicting treatment outcomes.</p>

Left versus right ventricular Tei index for evaluating third-trimester fetal cardiac function in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of Tei index and the sensitivity of left versus right ventricular Tei index in evaluating the fetal cardiac function in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome in the third trimester.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fetal echocardiograms were performed in 30 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome and 55 with normal pregnancy of the third trimester. Tei index was obtained by calculating the ratio of the isovolumic time (isovolumic contraction and relaxation time) to the ejection time of the left and right ventricle. Comparisons of the Tei index were made between the PIH group and control group, and also between the left and right ventricles in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant difference was found in the left and right ventricular Tei index between PIH group and control group. No difference was noted between the left and right ventricular Tei index in the PIH group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tei index is a useful indicator in evaluating fetal global cardiac function, for which purpose the left ventricular Tei index can be as sensitive as the right ventricular Tei index.</p>

Application of inversion-table in the treatment of lower pole renal stones / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of inversion-table in the treatment of lower pole renal stones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2006 to September 2008, 36 patients with lower pole renal calculi were treated by inversion-table, 13 cases with stone diameter from 4 mm to 20 mm received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) combined with inversion-table treatment and other 23 cases with stone diameter from 2 mm to 4mm received inversion-table treatment alone.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of 36 cases underwent inversion-table treatment successfully and no one had cardio-cerebral accident. After following up 3 months, the radiologically documented complete stone clearance rate at 3 months group was 83.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inversion-table treatment is a safe and valuable adjunct in assisting passage of lower pole renal stone fragments after mini-invasive treatment of stone and can improve stone-free rate.</p>

Hypothalamus may be involved in psychogenic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of hypothalamus metabolism in patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) so as to get some clues to the possible pathogenic factors and pathophysiological mechanism of the problem.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six cases of psychogenic ED and 4 normal volunteers were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) for the characteristics of hypothalamus glucose metabolism. Following audiovisual sexual stimulation, the concentration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) was determined and the ratio of the left (right) hypothalamus count to the cerebrum count was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Audiovisual sexual stimulation significantly increased 18F-FDG in the volunteers (left: 1.026 +/- 0.115 vs 2.400 +/- 0.210; right: 1.003 +/- 0.187 vs 2.389 +0.196, P < 0.05) as compared with the psychogenic ED patients (left: 2.781 +/- 0.156 vs 2.769 +/- 0.223; right: 2.809 +/- 0.129 vs 2.793 +/- 0.217, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Psychogenic ED may not be simply a functional disease; the hypothalamus may be involved in the pathophysiology of the problem.</p>

Effects of LRIG1 gene on the invasion of bladder cancer in vitro / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of invasion ability of the bladder cancer cell line BIU87 after transfected with LRIG1 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasmid pLRIG1-GFP was transfected into bladder cancer cells (BIU87) by Lipofectamine 2000, and cells that could express LRIG1 stably was screened out by G418. The alteration of cellular invasion property of BIU87, BIU87-neo and BIU87-LRIG1 cells was evaluated by Boyden chamber. The expression of mRNA and protein of LRIG1 and EGFR was detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with BIU87 and BIU87-neo cells, after BIU87 cell line was transfected with plasmid pLRIG1-GFP, the invasion ability decreased significantly, the expression of mRNA and protein of LRIG1 was obviously up-regulated and that of EGFR was down-regulated (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LRIG1 gene can significantly inhibit the invasion ability of BIU87 cell line.</p>

Hyperlipidemia and erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Hyperlipidemia is one of the risk factors leading to erectile dysfunction (ED), a common disorder in men, especially in old men. Epidemiological studies have found that the decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevation of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) are correlated with ED. Studies have also shown that arterial stenosis and occlusion caused by hyperlipidemia could be attributed to the advanced-stage mechanism of ED induced by hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia may damage man's erectile function at an early stage by affecting the endothelial cells and smooth muscles of the penis and the peripheral nerves for penile erection. Apart from dietary therapy and drug therapy aiming at hyperlipidemia, the traditional Chinese medicine therapy and gene therapy are two promising approaches to the treatment of ED caused by hyperlipidemia.

Analysis of cytokines (IL-2, IL-8, IL-10) in the expressed prostatic secretions of chronic prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the levels of immunoregulatory cytokine IL-2, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients and to evaluate the significance of the cytokines to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured in the EPS of 31 CP patients and 10 normal controls by enzyme-linked immune sandwich assay (ELISA). Urine was cultured and EPS studied according to the 2-glass test. NIH-CPSI (NIH-chronic prostatitis symptom index) was performed in every patient. The cases of CP were divided into 3 types: II (n=5), IIIA (n=13) and IIIB (n=13) according to NIH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IL-8 levels in CP patients were significantly higher (P < 0.05) while the IL-2 and IL-10 levels significantly lower than those in the controls (both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the cytokine levels in II CP and in IIIA CP (P > 0.05). The IL-8 levels in IIIB CP were significantly lower than those in both II CP and IIIA CP (both P < 0.05). The IL-8 levels were correlated directly with WBC count (r = 0.663, P < 0.05) , and inversely with IL-10 levels (r = -0.503, P < 0.05), but there was no correlation between NIH-CPSI scores and cytokines levels (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cytokines may play an important role in pathogenesis of prostatitis. The results indicate that the expression of cytokines (IL-2, IL-8, IL-10) in EPS can serve as a valuable marker for the diagnosis of CP.</p>

Comparison between two methods for staining DNA of apoptotic spermatozoa / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare two fluorochrome staining methods for the assessment of sperm quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Washed sperm cells were incubated in 0, 0.15, or 15 micromol/L camptothecin (CAM), or 0.37 or 3.7 mmol/L genistein (GEN) at 37 degrees C for 4 hours. The sperm cells were analyzed for cycle-independent apoptosis and necrosis by single-stain compared with dual-stain fluorescence microscopy to contrast the relative effectiveness of these two approaches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The single-stain procedure could not detect the sperm viability differences. In contrast, the dual-stain procedure identified a dosage-dependent decrease in the viability and increased necrozoospermia after topoisomerase inhibitor CAM and GEN treatments. Apoptosis was 2-fold higher with topoisomerase inhibitor treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The two topoisomerase inhibitors were associated with increased apoptosis and dosage-dependent necrosis. The data suggested that the dual-stain combination Hoechst 33342/PI was more sensitive than the single Hoechst 33342 stain analysis and permitted quantitative analysis of the apoptosis and necrosis in sperm.</p>

Correlation between abnormal serum lipid and erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To achieve the correlation between abnormal serum lipid and male erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomly selected were 200 male patients abnormal at least in one of the four laboratory items: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Their erectile function was evaluated by IIEF-5, and the correlation was studied between abnormal serum lipid and ED.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of ED was 47% in these patients. Age, coronary heart disease (CHD), high serum glucose, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), drug, hypertension were negatively, while HDL was positively correlated with erectile function. Age, CHD, BPH and TC/HDL ratio were risk factors of ED, while HDL was a preventive one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hyperlipidemia is an important factor of ED. HDL and TC/HDL ratio are good predictors of ED.</p>

Microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration and the role of microcirculation during the apoptosis of prostatic cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six male adult rats were randomized to 6 groups: one was taken as the control, while the other 5 underwent measurement of the microcirculation in vivo by a D95 physiological signal acquisition system 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d respectively after castration, and then were perfused with Chinese ink to trace the microvessels of the prostates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microcirculation of the rats'prostates changed dramatically following castration. The diameter and density of the microvessels, especially in the distant and mediate ducts of the prostates, decreased dramatically, and so did the bloodflow velocity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microcirculation plays a role during the process of apoptosis of prostatic cells, and might be the mechanism of " apoptosis shift".</p>