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Objective To measure the axial flowing velocity of a suspension carbon particles of tens of micrometer-scale with an autocorrelation method.Methods The photoacoustic Doppler frequency shift was calculated from a series of individual A scans using an autocorrelation method.A 532 nm pulsed laser with the repetition rate of 20 Hz was used as a pumping source to generate photoacoustic signals.The photoacoustic signals were detected using a focused PZT ultrasound transducer with central frequency of 5 MHz.The suspension of carbon particles was driven by a syringe pump.The complex photoacoustic signal was calculated by the Hilbert transformation from time-domain photoacoustic signal.The complex photoacoustic signal was then autocorrelated to calculate Doppler frequency shift. The photoacoustic Doppler frequency shift was calculated by averaging the autocorrelation results of individual A scans.Results The feasibility of the proposed autocorrelation method was preliminarily demonstrated by quantifying the motion of a carbon particles suspension flow from 5 to 60 mm/s. The experimental results showed that the autocorrelation result approximately agreed with the setting velocity linearly.Conclusion It's feasible to measure photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry of carbon particles,and an ultrasonic transducer with high central frequency may promote the linear correlation between the autocorrelation result and flow rate during frequency shift measure-ment.
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Objective :To analyze influence of probucol combined atorvastatin on hemodynamics and blood lipids in patients with large artery cerebral infarction (LACI).Methods :A total of 92 LACI patients were randomly and e-qually divided into atorvastatin group and combined treatment group (received atorvastatin combined probucol ) , both groups were treated for six months .Therapeutic effect etc indexes before and after treatment were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with atorvastatin group after six-month treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of TC [ (4.57 ± 0.82) mmol/L vs.(3.23 ± 0.71) mmol/L] ,TG [ (1.37 ± 0.45) mmol/L vs. (1.02 ± 0.34) mmol/L] ,LDL-C [ (2.52 ± 0.83) mmol/L vs .(1.50 ± 0.54) mmol/L] ,oxidized low density lipo-protein [ox-LDL ,(78.36 ± 14.05) mg/L vs.(58.37 ± 12.00) mg/L] ,left and right middle cerebral artery pulsatili-ty index (PI) [left :(0.84 ± 0.25) vs.(0.74 ± 0.14) ,right :(0.84 ± 0.23) vs.(0.74 ± 0.16)] and inflammatory factors ,and significant rise in total effective rate (69.57% vs.89.13% P＝0.020) ,left and right middle cerebral systolic blood flow velocity (Vs) [left :(87.45 ± 15.58) cm/s vs.(95.48 ± 18.34) cm/s ,right :(89.27 ± 14.36) cm/s vs.(96.18 ± 14.03) cm/s] and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) [left :(60.90 ± 16.19) cm/s vs .(76.19 ± 17.40) cm/s ,right :(62.08 ± 17.23) cm/s vs .(91.38 ± 19.26) cm/s] in combined treatment group ,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. There was no significant difference in drug adverse reactions incidence rate between two groups , P＝1. 000 .Conclu-sion :Therapeutic effect of probucol combined atorvastatin is significantly better than that of pure atorvastatin on large artery cerebral infarction .It can more significantly improve blood lipids and intracranial artery hemodynamics with anti-inflammatory effects .
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Studies have confirmed that angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has special advantages. We observed the effects of valsartan and metoprolol tartrate hydrchloride in treatment of DN patients with positive β1-adrenergic and anti-angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antibody.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The epitopes of the second extracellular loop of β1 receptor (197 - 222) and AT1 receptor (165 - 191), were synthesized and used respectively to screen serum autoantibodies from patients with DN (n = 371, group A), diabetes mellitus (DM) without renal failure (n = 107, group B) and healthy blood donors (n = 47, control, group C) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Metoprolol tartrate 25 - 50 mg, three times per day, valsartan 160 mg, once a day, aspirin 100 mg, once a day, and nitrendipine 10 - 20 mg, three times per day, were given to DN patients with positive or negative autoantibodies. The cystatin C level and 24-hour urinary protein were measured before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In DN patients, the positive rate of the autoantibodies against β1 receptors and AT1 receptor was 47.7% and 51.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in DM patients and healthy controls (all P < 0.01). Patients with anormalous cystatin C had higher positive rates of the autoantibodies than patients with normal cystatin C. Valsartan and metoprolol tartrate reduced proteinuria significantly (P < 0.01) in DN patients with positive autoantibodies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings suggest that these autoantibodies against β1 and AT1-receptor may play important roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Valsartan and metoprolol tartrate are effective and safe in the treatment of DN.</p>