Urinary Extracellular Vesicle: A Potential Source of Early Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Diabetic Kidney Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) contain rich biological information which could be the ideal source for noninvasive biomarkers of DKD. This review discussed the potential early diagnostic and therapeutic values of proteins and microRNAs in uEVs in DKD.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>This review was based articles published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases up to November 20, 2017, with the following keywords: "Diabetic kidney disease", "Extracellular vesicle", and "Urine".</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to the study design and publication type.</p><p><b>Results</b>There is no "gold standard" technology to separate and/or purify uEVs. The uEVs contain a variety of proteins and RNAs and participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the kidney. UEVs, especially urinary exosomes, may be useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment to DKD. Furthermore, the uEVs has been used as a therapeutic target for DKD.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>Proteins and nucleic acids in uEVs represent promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD.</p>

Status quo of external therapies with traditional Chinese medicines on edema / 中国中药杂志

Edema, as one of common clinical diseases, could be treated by taking medicines and adopting external therapies with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In recent years, there have been many clinical and basic studies concerning external therapies with TCM on edema Data showed that the external therapies are mostly composed of such purgating drugs as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Natrii Sulfas and Pharbitidis Semen, heat-clearing drug such as Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and resuscitation-inducing drug such as Borneolum Syntheticum. The study showed that ingredients of external therapies did not pass through hilum and hepatic system, and thus avoided the first pass effect of livers. They enabled effective components of drugs to be rapidly absorbed through pores and skins, strengthened the effect against edema, shortened the treatment course, decreased side effects, and were convenient and inexpensive. External therapies with TCM could play unique advantages in inhibiting edema in the future clinical studies.

Influence of surface modification of titanium on OPG/RANKL mRNA expression in MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of surface modification of titanium on OPG/RANKL mRNA expression in human osteoblast-like cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MG-63 osteoblast-like cells were seeded on the titanium plates with surface polishing and with surface modification by sandblasting plus acid-base treatment, with the cells on glass slides as the control. On days 2, 4, 6, and 8 following cell seeding, the cells were harvested for examination of OPG/RANKL mRNA expression using RT-PCR and real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of OPG/RANKL mRNA was sensitive to the surface microphotography. Compared with the other groups, the cells on the titanium plates with sandblasting plus acid-base treatment, which resulted in a porous micro-structure and high roughness, showed significantly up-regulated expression of OPG mRNA. OPG mRNA expression also showed a time-dependent up-regulation, and was the highest on day 8. The expression of the RANKL mRNA in cells on both of the titanium plates was higher than that in the control cells. The peak level of RANKL mRNA expression occurred on day 6 followed by a gradual decrease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A rough and porous surface of the culture plates and prolonged culture time can synergistically up-regulate the ratio of OPG/RANKL mRNA.</p>