Etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Dezhou city from 2010 to 2018 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth diseases (HFMD) in Dezhou city from 2010 to 2018, and to provide laboratory evidence for its prevention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 5 186 fecal specimens were collected from patients with HFMD. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect enterovirus (EV) and analyze its pathogenic characteristics.@*Results@#From 2010 to 2018, 5 186 samples of HFMD cases were detected in Dezhou, with a total positive rate of 71.75%, including 1 357 cases of EV-A71 (26.17%), 874 cases of CV-A16 (16.85%) and 1 490 cases of other Enteroviruses (28.73%). There were significant differences in the overall detection rate in each month. The peak period of detection rate was from June to August. The dominant virus strains with different types appeared dynamically in different years. EV-A71 was the predominant serotype in severe and aggregated cases. Laboratory confirmed cases were mainly children under 5 years old (96.25%).@*Conclusions@#From 2010 to 2018, the pathogen of HFMD in Dezhou city showed a dynamic change, with obvious seasonal distribution of cases and high incidence of specific population. Etiological surveillance should be strengthened to focus on prevention and control of high-risk population in high-risk season.

Epidemiological features of rabies and molecular evolution characteristics of the rabies virus strains in Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan province, China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the epidemiologic features of the rabies in Xishuang banna prefecture of Yunnan province, China in 2008-2017 and the viral molecular-evolution characteristics.@*Methods@#The data of rabies case questionnaire were collected. The brain tissue samples from mad dogs, suspicious sick dogs and human brain tissue, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid samples from rabies patients were collected in Xishuangbanna. Coding region of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software.@*Results@#A total of 62 cases of human rabies were occurred in 28 districts of the 3 counties, Xishuangbanna prefecture in 2008-2017. Of them, 37 cases in Jinghong county, 15 in Menghai county and 10 in Mengla county. In which 48 cases were bitten by domestic dogs (77.42%), 11 cases were bitten by wild dogs (17.74%). Rabies case was occurred every year in the past decade. The seasonal incidence was not obvious. The majority of patients were aged from 30 to 59 years-old, with the youngest 1 year-old and the eldest 91 year-old. The male to female ratio was 1.70∶1, most cases were farmers. The nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein gene of 9 virus strains (7 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from the samples of dogs and patients. Homology and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 5 strains belonged to clade China-Ⅰ, 3 clade China-Ⅱ and 1 clade China-Ⅵ. The nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein gene of 5 virus strains (3 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from these positive samples, and all were clade China-Ⅰ, it is same with nucleoprotein genes analysis result from these 5 virus strains. These China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ strains from Xishuangbanna have a closer genetic relationship with same clade strains isolated from Pu’er and other prefectures of Yunnan province as well as Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The China-Ⅵ strain from Xishuangbanna share high homology and genetic relationship with China-Ⅵ strains isolated from southwestern Yunnan and neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in recent years.@*Conclusions@#In Xishuangbanna, rabies mainly occurred in rural area and domestic dog was the main source of transmission. These RABV clades China-Ⅰ, China-Ⅱ and China-Ⅵ were found in this region and the China-Ⅰ was principal clade. The transmission source of China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ were from adjacent areas in the province and China-Ⅵ was from Myanmar and Laos.

Investigation of the dog-biting events and molecular evolution characteristics of rabies virus strains in Shuangbai county of Yunnan province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To illustrate the epidemical characteristics of the dog-biting events and molecular evolution of rabies virus (RV) strains prevalent in Shuangbai county of Yunnan province, China.@*Methods@#Epidemical investigation on the dog-biting events and human cases were conducted and the brain tissues of the biting dogs and human cases were sampled post-mortem. Nucleoprotein (N) genes of the RVs were sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software.@*Results@#A total of 12 dog-biting events took place between 2011-2017 in Shuangbai county and 35 persons were bitten. Of the 12 events, 11 were investigated in time and 32 bitten persons received proper wound management and a full post-exposure vaccination course. Rabies has not developed in these wounded cases until now. However, due to failure to receive medical intervention and post-exposure treatment in time, 1 of 3 bitten persons in a single event died of rabies. RV N genes from 5 dogs and 1 person were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree showed that RV strains prevalent in Shuangbai county were closely related with the ones found in neighboring counties/cities such as Chuxiong, Lufeng, Jingdong and Xiangyun. All these strains were related to the ones denoted as clade China-I and prevalent in Sichuan province. Homology analysis showed 99.6%-100% homology in nucleotide and amino acid among the 6 RVs prevalent in Shuangbai county and those prevalent in Chuxiong, Lufeng, Xiangyun and clade China-I of Sichuan province. Compared with the China-I strains prevalent in Chuxiong, Zhaotong and Qujing prefectures between 2006-2007, the homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 97.1%-99.3% and 99.1%-99.6%, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Surveillance on the dog-biting events can prevent rabies in humans effectively. RV strains prevalent in Shuangbai county belong to clade China-I and have a close relationship with those of neighboring prefectures, cities, counties and the ones prevalent in Sichuan province.

Study on root number and root canal morphology in maxillary third molars by cone-beam computed tomography / 重庆医学

Objective To use the cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) to analyze the root number and root canal morphology of maxillary third molars in Luzhou area.Methods A total of 321 maxillary third molars in 200 outpatients in the stomatological hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2016 to February 2017 were collected.The age,gender,root number,canal morphology and CBCT imaging data were recorded.The difference in root number of maxillary third molars between left and right sides and between genders were analyzed.Results In included 321 maxillary third molars,the root number was mainly fused root teeth(56.70％),followed by three roots teeth(26.48％);the number of root canal was mainly three root canals (38.94 ％),followed by single root canal(30.84 ％).According to the Vertucci root canal classification,65.73 ％ of root canals were type Ⅰ and 10.60％ were type Ⅴ.There was no statistical differences between left and right sides(P＞0.05),wherease there was statistically difference between genders(P＜0.05).Conclusion The root number of maxillary third molars is variable,the root canal morphology has large variability and the root canal system is complex.

Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein genome of rabies viruses in Yunnan province, China from 2006 to 2015 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the molecular evolution characteristics of the nucleoprotein (N) genes and epidemiological feature of 118 rabies virus (RABV) strains isolated in Yunnan province, China from 2006 to 2015.@*Methods@#The brain tissue samples from mad dogs, suspicious sick dogs, sick cow, and human brain tissue, saliva and CSF samples from rabies patients were collected in Yunnan province to detect the viral antigen by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). The viral RNA from positive samples was extracted. Coding region of N gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-Joining method of MEGA5.0 software.@*Results@#The sequences of N genes of 91 RABV strains in Yunnan from 2012 to 2015 were obtained. With the sequences of N genes of 27 RABV strains in Yunnan from 2006 to 2011 and 29 RABV strains from Southeast Asian Countries, the phylogenetic analysis was performed. RABV strains in Yunnan were divided into clades YN-A (105 strains), YN-B (6 strains), YN-C (7 strains), which belonged to clades China-I, China-VI, China-II respectively. Clade YN-A was epidemic every year from 2006 to 2015, of them, 14 strains from 2006 to 2011 and 91 strains from 2012 to 2015 were distributed in 13 prefectures (cities) of Yunnan. Clades YN-B and YN-C were epidemic only from 2006 to 2010 and from 2008 to 2011 respectively. The regional distribution of clades YN-B and YN-C was limited. The strains of YN-A and YN-C were closely related to the strains of clades China-I and China-II from neighboring Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan provinces. The strains of YN-B were closely related to the strains from Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia.@*Conclusions@#Three RABV clades with multiple transmission sources were identified in Yunnan. Clade YN-A was widely distributed in rabies endemic area in Yunnan from 2006 to 2015, and it has strong ability to spread as principal clade in Yunnan. Since 2012, clades YN-B and YN-C were not found again in Yunnan.

Correlation between Carroll Upper Extremities Functional Test and Fine Motor Domain of Gesell Developmental Scale in Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate if Carroll Upper Extremities Functional Test (UEFT) is a better rating scale for evaluating fine mo-tor function in children with cerebral palsy. Methods From January, 2011 to January, 2014, 104 children with cerebral palsy were divided in-to non-hemiplegic palsy group (n=76) and hemiplegic palsy group (n=28), they were assessed by two certified valuers in one week. Their fine motor function was evaluated with UEFT and the Gesell Developmental Scale. The scores of UEFT were compared respectively with the developmental age (DA) and developmental quotient (DQ) in fine motor domain of Gesell Developmental Scale. At the same time, the UEFT score of the affected limb was compared with of the unaffected limb in children with hemiplegic palsy. Results In the non-hemiplegic palsy group, the UEFT score strongly correlated with DA (r=0.752, P0.05). The UEFT score of unaffected limb was significantly higher than that of the affected limb (Z=-4.708, P<0.001). Conclusion Both of UEFT and the Ge-sell Developmental Scale could be used clinically in assessment of fine motor function in children with cerebral palsy. The UEFT was better in evaluating children with hemiplegic palsy.

Design and application of medical equipment maintenance management system based on HRP / 中国医学装备

Objective:To establish the medical equipment maintenance management system based on HRP, to break through and solve various problems that the traditional manual management mode couldn't resolve in the medical equipment maintenance and repair, and to ensure the normal development of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Using the network information technology, combining with the characteristics of the hospital industry, referring to the enterprise resource planning management system, to establish a new hospital medical equipment maintenance management system.Results: The system management module included a series functions, such as maintenance reports, maintenance applications, applications for repair, maintenance grades, maintenance items, fault types and maintenance methods. This module unified the technology and methods, contents and procedures of equipment maintenance, and the system also included maintenance plan, maintenance report and early warning function for the equipment using. Besides, the design of specially displayer would real-time display maintenance information.Conclusion: HRP system was used to replace the traditional manual management mode and it can break and resolve various problems of medical equipment repair and maintenance at the present hospital, such as record and save the maintenance information, provide high efficiency and high quality service for the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and data support for statistical analysis.

Expression and significance of thyroid hormone receptors mRNA of residents exposed to arsenic via drinking water / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To detect thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mRNA expression of subjects exposed to different levels of arsenic,to further study the endocrine disturbing effect of arsenic.Methods Molecular epidemiological method was used,in drinking water type of endemic arsenic poisoning areas,which were divided into control (＜ 10 μg/L),low (10-＜ 100 μg/L),medium (100-＜ 200 μg/L) and high (≥200 μg/L) dose groups based on the drinking water arsenic concentrations.According to the gender stratification,a total of 273 (control,low,medium and high dose groups were 58,49,66,100,respectively) residents were chosen.To carry out the questionnaire,urine arsenic determination,electrocardiographic examination.Real-time PCR was used to detect blood TRs mRNA expression.Results TRα mRNA relative expression levels in the control,low,medium and high dose groups were (12.2 ± 5.7) × 10-4,(12.2 ± 5.0) × 10-4,(12.3 ± 5.4) × 10-4,(12.2 ± 4.3) × 10-4,respectively,the differences were not statistically significant (F =0.109,P ＞ 0.05).TRβ mRNA relative expression levels were all low,the control,low,medium and high dose groups were (5.7 ± 4.1) × 10-6,(8.6 ± 7.6) × 10-6,(6.3 ± 4.2) × 10-6 and (6.2 ± 3.8) ×10~,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (F =2.938,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of TRβ mRNA relative expression changed with increased content of arsenic in water and urine trends in inverse U-shaped curves (R2 =0.035,0.067,all P ＜ 0.05).TRβ mRNA relative expression in low dose group was higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);TRβ mRNA relative expression in high dose group was lower than that in low dose group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Arsenic induced arrhythmia which most displayed sinus bradycardia;the prevalence of arrhythmia in the control,low,medium and high dose groups were 12.1％ (7/58),10.2％ (5/49),13.6％ (9/66),19.4％ (19/98),respectively,the differences were not statistically significant (x2 =2.877,P＞ 0.05).Heart rate was positively associated with the level of TRβ mRNA relative expression in lg value (r =0.218,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic arsenic exposure can disturb TRβ mRNA expression;there is a possible relationship between TRβ mRNA abnormal expression and arrhythmia caused by arsenic.

Characterization and Analyses of the Full-length Genome of a Strain of the Akabane Virus Isolated from Mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China / 病毒学报

We wished to sequence the full-length genomes of the DHL10M110 strain of the Akabane virus (AKV) isolated from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China, in 2010. We also wished to analyze the characteristics of these complete nucleotide sequences. The complete genomic sequence of the DHL10M110 strain from Yunnan Province was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. We found that the length of the L, M and S gene nucleotide sequences of the DHL10M110 strain were 6 869-bp, 4 309-bp and 856-bp, respectively, including the open reading frame (ORF) nucleotide sequences of 6 756-bp (L), 4 206-bp (M) and 702-bp (S), encoding 2252, 1402 and 234 amino-acid polyproteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on L-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the OBE-1 strain of the AKV from Japan and AKVS-7/SKR/2010 strain of the AKV from South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on M- and S-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, but that the DHL10M110 strain had a lone evolutionary branch. In terms of nucleotide (amino acid) homology, the similarity of L-, M- and S-fragment ORFs of the DHL10M110 strain to the OBE-1 strain from Japan was 92.6% (98%), 88.5% (94%) and 96.4% (99.1%), respectively. When comparing the DHL10M110 strain with the OBE-1 strain, we noted 45, 84, and 2 different sites in the amino acids of L, M and S fragments, respectively. Homology and phylogenetic analyses also suggested that the DHL10M110 strain had a distant relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Kenya and Australia. Also, we confirmed by complete genomic sequence analyses that the DHL10M110 strain was clade-Asia of the AKV. However, differences between the DHL10M110 strain compared with strains from Japan and South Korea were also noted. These results suggest that the DHL10M110 strain harbored relatively stable genetic characteristics and distinct regional features. This is the first time that full-length genomic sequences of the DHL10M110 strain of the AKV in mainland China have been obtained.

Research on return visit and investigation of the relapse rate of children allergic purpura after treatment

This paper aimed to research on return visit and investigation of the relapse rate of children allergic purpura after treatment. Children with allergic purpura were divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone while the control group did not. We tracked and observed two groups of discharged children in the first month and the second month. It can be found that, at the first month, 5 cases recurred in the treatment group with 20 cases, the relapse rate was 25%, 1 case recurred in control group, the relapse rate was 5%; at the second month, 2 cases recurred in treatment group, the relapse rate was 10%, no case recurred in the control group. There were 8 cases recurred in the past two months, and there were no replase after the second time treatment. In contrast, the children, who treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone, had higher relapse rate, while the control group had lower relapse rate. Then we can get the conclusion that, the application of adrenocorticotrophic hormone may be one of the main reasons to induce the allergic purpura and we should notice and discuss this conclusion in the clinical practice

Isolation and identification of the Akabane virus from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China / 病毒学报

To evaluate the prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses in Manshi and Ruili (Yunnan Province, China), we collected 2 149 mosquitoes (17 species) in August 2010. Virus isolation was undertaken by the cul- ture of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21 cells). Two virus-like isolates were obtained: DHL10M117 was isolated from collected in Mangshi; DHL10M110 was obtained from Anopheles vagus collected in Rui- li. Both isolates caused cytopathic effects,illness and death in suckling mice inoculated with these isolates via the intracerebral route. Two positive amplicons, 702-bp from the S segment and 456-bp from the M segment,were obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the Akabane virus (AKV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two virus stains had a distant relation- ship with AKVs from Kenya and Australia,but were genetically close to those from Japan,South Korea, and Taiwan. However,they were separate from other Asian strains and grouped into a small branch. The highest nucleotide and amino-acid sequence identity of the S segment was found with the CY-77 strain from Taiwan (96.6% and 99.6% for DHL10M117 and 96.7% and 100% for DHL10M110,respectively). Com- parison of the M segment showed they shared the highest amino acid identity with CY-77 (99.6% and 100%, respectively), whereas the highest nucleotide identity was found with the Iriki strain from Japan (99.6% and 100%, respectively). Compared with the MP496 strain from Kenya,they displayed lower lev- els of sequence homology, at 69.7% and 70.0% for nucleotide sequences of the two loci,and 91. 0% for a- mino acids. Our results identified that DHL10M117 and DHL10M110 were strains of AKV,and provided molecular biological evidence for the existence of AKV in Yunnan Province. These AKV strains that are circulating in Yunnan Province share a close genetic relationship with strains from the rest of Asia. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus may serve as transmission vectors.

Clinical characteristics of drinking-water type endemic arsenism in population lived in the diseased areas before and after water improvement in Inner Mongolia / 中华地方病学杂志

Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics of drinking-water type endemic arsenism in population lived in the diseased areas before and after water improvement in Inner Mongolia,so as to assess the natural development and the effects of human intervention measures.Methods Residents of four villages lived in Hangjinhouqi Bayinnaoer city Inner Mongolia were followed-up and their skin lesions were examined in 2004 (before water improvement),2010 (complete water improvement),2014 (after water improvement).Meanwhile,blood pressure and heart rate of the subjects were measured.The arsenic poisoning skin damage indexing was in accordance with endemic arsenic poisoning diagnostic criteria (WS/T 211-2001).Results Totally,229,122,161 people were investigation in 2004,2010,2014,respectively.The clinical grading of arsenic exposed population were mainly normal and suspicious cases in 2004,accounting for 61.6％ (141/229) and 22.7％ (52/229),respectively.The clinical grading of normal,suspicious,mild and severe cases were 20.5％ (25/122),31.1％ (38/122) and 48.4％ (59/ 122),respectively,in 2010,which were significantly different compared with those of 2004 (x2 =68.53,P ＜ 0.01).The clinical grading percentages of normal and suspicious of the subjects in 2014 were 46.6％ (75/161) and 39.8％ (64/161),respectively,which were significantly different compared with those of 2010 (x2 =45.22,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,91 subjects examined in 2004 were re-examined in 2010 and 47 subjects examined in 2010 were reexamined in 2014.Totally,12 cases were migitation,accounting for 13.2％ (12/91),52 cases were aggravation,accounting for 57.1％ (52/91) in 2010,and 25 cases were migitation,accounting for 53.2％ (25/47),9 cases were aggravation,accounting for 19.1％ (9/47) in 2014.The differences of skin lesion transition between these two periods were significant (x2 =28.66,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the systolic pressures and diastolic pressure of the subjects were (132.19 ± 21.21),(126.99 ± 18.32),(147.69 ± 22.65);(84.88 ± 14.13),(76.52 ± 10.08),(84.39 ± 13.89)mmHg in 2004,2010 and 2014,respectively,which declined in 2010 compared with them of 2004 (all P ＜ 0.05) and raised in 2014 compared with them of 2010 (all P ＜ 0.01).The heart rate of the subjects were (76.05 ± 12.56),(78.86 ± 11.69),(82.05 ± 11.26)times/min.The heart rate of the subjects raised in 2010 and 2014 compared with that of 2004 (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The skin lesions induced by arsenism could be effectively alleviated through water improvement,but the late stage changes such as the cardiovascular system injury are still worthy of attention.

Investigation of the cognition and self management about osteoporosis and quality of life in elderly osteoporosis patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the cognition, self-management and quality of life of osteoporosis in elderly patients, and to provide the basic theory for health education in elderly patients with osteoporosis.Methods 565 elderly patients with osteoporosis in our hospital from May 2012 to Mar.2015 were enrolled.The cognition, health beliefs, self-efficacy and quality of life were investigated by questionnaires and analyzed by Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Results 565 osteoporosis patients, the symptom score was (15.6±2.0), and the score was lower in sporting knowledge (4.3 ± 1.8) than in calcium knowledge (5.7 ± 1.5) (t=2.784, P=0.011).Health beliefs score was (139.0±9.6), containing exercise benefits score of (21.5±3.1), exercise barriers score of (13.8±3.9), susceptible score of (19.4±4.2), serious score of (18.8±4.4), health motivation score of (25.0±3.0), calcium intake benefits score of (20.7±3.5) and calcium intake disorder score of (19.8 ± 4.0).Self efficacy score was (63.7 ± 19.4), containing exercise efficacy score of (58.6 ±18.7) and calcium efficacy score of (69.2± 18.5).Quality of life score included the general health (16.5± 2.9 score), social function (5.8 ± 1.3 score), vitality (14.8 ± 3.2 score), mental health (20.7± 4.2 score), physiological function (20.5 ± 4.1 score), physiological role limit (6.3 ± 1.6 score), emotional role limit (5.1 ± 1.3 score) and body pains (4.3 ± 1.8 score).Conclusions The score in cognitive function is low in elderly osteoporosis patients.It's useful to improve elderly osteoporosis awareness and quality of life by carrying out relative education.

Investigation on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,2007 and 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,China. Methods Mosquito samples were collected using the mosquito traps from five counties of Dehong prefecture on July,2007 and 2010. Mosquitoes were cell cultured for viral isolation,and positive isolates were identified using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Results A total of 43 634 mosquitoes comprised of 29 species representing six genera were collected. Culex tritaeriorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis comprised 78.69% and 14.77% of the total. Six strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools. RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed three strains from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus,identified as genotypeⅠJapanese encephalitis virus(JEV). One strain was identified from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus,as Getah virus (GETV). Two strains isolated from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus and Anopheles vagus were identified as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus(CppDNV). Conclusion Cx. tritaeriorhynchus had been the major species of mosquitoes and mainly transmitting vector of mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture. GenotypeⅠJEV,GETV and CppDNV were the vectors causing transmission of mosquitoe-borne diseases in this area. Data from phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly discovered isolates seemed to have had close relationship with those viruses previously circulating in Yunnan and other provinces of China.

Investigation on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,2007 and 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,China. Methods Mosquito samples were collected using the mosquito traps from five counties of Dehong prefecture on July,2007 and 2010. Mosquitoes were cell cultured for viral isolation,and positive isolates were identified using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Results A total of 43 634 mosquitoes comprised of 29 species representing six genera were collected. Culex tritaeriorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis comprised 78.69% and 14.77% of the total. Six strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools. RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed three strains from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus,identified as genotypeⅠJapanese encephalitis virus(JEV). One strain was identified from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus,as Getah virus (GETV). Two strains isolated from Cx. tritaeriorhynchus and Anopheles vagus were identified as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus(CppDNV). Conclusion Cx. tritaeriorhynchus had been the major species of mosquitoes and mainly transmitting vector of mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture. GenotypeⅠJEV,GETV and CppDNV were the vectors causing transmission of mosquitoe-borne diseases in this area. Data from phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly discovered isolates seemed to have had close relationship with those viruses previously circulating in Yunnan and other provinces of China.

Investigation on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, 2007 and 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquito and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mosquito samples were collected using the mosquito traps from five counties of Dehong prefecture on July, 2007 and 2010. Mosquito were cell cultured for viral isolation, and positive isolates were identified using RT-PCR and sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 43 634 mosquito comprised of 29 species representing six genera were collected. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis comprised 78.69% and 14.77% of the total. Six strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools. RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed three strains from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, identified as genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). One strain was identified from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, as Getah virus (GETV). Two strains isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus were identified as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus (CppDNV).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus had been the major species of mosquito and mainly transmitting vector of mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture. Genotype I JEV, GETV and CppDNV were the vectors causing transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in this area. Data from phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly discovered isolates seemed to have had close relationship with those viruses previously circulating in Yunnan and other provinces of China.</p>

Relationship between body mass index and outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycle in patients with endometriosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles in patients with endometriosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the data of infertile women with endometriosis undergoing 244 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles between January, 2011 and August, 2012. The patients, categorized into 3 groups with mild endometriosis, moderate to severe endometriosis, and no endometriosis (control), underwent a long protocol, and the relationship of the general conditions, dose of gonadotropin, days of stimulation, BMI, number of oocytes retrieved and embryos transferred with the outcome of IVF were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant difference between moderate to severe endometriosis group and the control group in the number of ampules, oocytes retrieved and embryos transferred. The patients with moderate or severe endometriosis had significantly lower BMI and clinical pregnancy rate than those with mild or no endometriosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endometriosis is inversely correlated with BMI, and BMI of the patients with endometriosis may affect the pregnancy rate of IVF cycles.</p>

Effects of chronic arsenic exposure on mRNA expression of estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated gene 9 and estrogen-responsive finger protein in female rat's uterus and ovary tissue / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on mRNA expression of estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated gene 9 (Ebag9) and estrogen-responsive finger protein (efp) in uterus and ovary of female rats.Methods Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups according to arsenic (As2O3) concentrations given through drinking-water:0.00 (control),0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L arsenic exposure groups and real-time RCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of Ebag9 and efp in uterus and ovary tissue at the 31 weeks of experiment.Results The mRNA expression levels of Ebag9 and efp of the 0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L arsenic exposure groups were respectively as follows:0.761 ± 0.178,0.521 ± 0.130,0.544 ± 0.035,0.525 ± 0.198,0.498 ± 0.240 and 0.795 ± 0.171,0.874 ± 0.077,0.797 ± 0.066,0.796 ± 0.040,0.832 ± 0.096.Compared with control group,a decreased tendency was observed in Ebag9 mRNA level(with P value 0.055 in 0.40 mg/L arsenic exposure group) and increased tendency in efp mRNA level in experimental groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of Ebag9 and efp in ovary of the five groups were by turns:0.702 ± 0.484,0.719 ± 0.336,0.693 ± 0.095,0.706 ± 0.055,0.728 ± 0.073 and 0.924 ± 0.061,1.009 ± 0.034,0.930 ± 0.085,0.929 ± 0.068,1.012 ± 0.101.Compared with control group,the expression level of Ebag9 mRNA showed a increased tendency in 0.05,0.20,0.40 mg/L arsenic exposure groups(all P ＞ 0.05).The efp mRNA level increased in experimental groups,with significant difference in 0.05,0.40 mg/L groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of efp mRNA has changed in ovary of female rats exposed to chronic arsenic.Arsenic may act as an environmental endocrine disruptor to exert its effect.

Deanxit combined with large dose of oryzanol in treatment of post stroke depression and anxiety in elderly male / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the therapy effect of deanxit combined with large dose of oryzanol in the treatment of post stroke depression(PSD) and anxiety in elderly male.Methods Sixty cases of PSD and anxiety patients were divided into three groups by random number table method with 20 cases in each,deanxit group treated with deanxit,oryzanol group treated with oryzanol,and combination group treated with deanxit and large dose of oryzanol,a total of 4 weeks.Before and after 4 weeks treatment respectively using Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores.Results The HAMD and HAMA scores before treatment in three groups had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with before treatment,HAMD and HAMA scores in three groups after treatment were significantly lower (P＜ 0.01).HAMD scores in combination group were improved better than those in deanxit group and oryzanol group [(12.85 ± 3.69) scores vs.(15.30 ± 3.28),(18.65 ± 3.13) scores](P＜ 0.01),and deanxit group were better than oryzanol group(P＜ 0.01).HAMA scores in deanxit group and combination group were lower than those in oryzanol group [(8.65 ± 3.33),(7.25 ± 3.34) scores vs.(10.65 ± 3.18) scores] (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Deanxit combined with oryzanol is effective in the treatment of PSD and anxiety in elderly male.

Murine typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province,China / 中国人兽共患病学报

ABSTRACT:In recent years ,there has been high prevalence of murine typhus in Yunnan Province ,People's Republic of China .A large outbreak of murine typhus occurred in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province in 2010 .However ,not all cases were confirmed by laboratory assays ;therefore ,field epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of murine typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture were conducted in 2011 .Blood samples were collected from clinical diagnostic cases at the acute and convalescence stages of murine typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province ,from June to September of 2011 ,and blood and spleen samples were collected from mice sharing the same habitats as the patients .Immunofluorescence assays were used to test for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against Rickettsia typhi in sera from patients and mice .Real‐time PCR was used to detect the groEL gene of R .typhi in blood clots from patients at the acute stage and in spleen tissue from mice .A total of 1 157 clinically diagnosed murine typhus cases occurred in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province in 2011 ,with an incidence of 102 .10/100 000 .Of these cases ,80 were investigated by laboratory assays and 74 of 80 patients were confirmed to have murine typhus .The coincidence rate between the clinical diagnosis and laboratory detection was 92 .50% .The positivi‐ty rate for IgG antibodies against R .typhi was 14 .0% (14/100) for Rattus f lavipectus ,while the rate by PCR was 9 .0%(9/100) .That laboratory diagnoses confirmed that the severity of the murine typhus outbreak in Xishuangbanna cannot be ig‐nored .The distribution of host animals transmitting R .typhi underscores this conclusion .