Epidemiology of fungal infections in China / 医学前沿

With the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the epidemiological characteristics of fungal infections have undergone enormous changes worldwide, including in China. In this paper, we reviewed the existing data on mycosis across China to summarize available epidemiological profiles. We found that the general incidence of superficial fungal infections in China has been stable, but the incidence of tinea capitis has decreased and the transmission route has changed. By contrast, the overall incidence of invasive fungal infections has continued to rise. The occurrence of candidemia caused by Candida species other than C. albicans and including some uncommon Candida species has increased recently in China. Infections caused by Aspergillus have also propagated in recent years, particularly with the emergence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. An increasing trend of cryptococcosis has been noted in China, with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ST 5 genotype isolates as the predominant pathogen. Retrospective studies have suggested that the epidemiological characteristics of Pneumocystis pneumonia in China may be similar to those in other developing countries. Endemic fungal infections, such as sporotrichosis in Northeastern China, must arouse research, diagnostic, and treatment vigilance. Currently, the epidemiological data on mycosis in China are variable and fragmentary. Thus, a nationwide epidemiological research on fungal infections in China is an important need for improving the country's health.

Effect of family integrated care model on the growth and development in preterm infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of family integrated care (FIC) model on the growth and development in preterm infants. Methods A total of 128 cases of hospitalized preterm infants from January 2016 to June 2016 were selected and divided into intervention group(64 cases)and control group (64 cases) by random number table. Intervention group was received FIC after the condition was stable, control group was adopted current traditional preterm infants care. The weight, body length and head circumference of both group were recorded at 3rd month,Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA)was assessed at correction gestational aged 40 weeks,hospital stays were counted while outpatient visits and readmission case were collected within 3 month after discharge. Results The study included 118 cases,56 cases in intervention group and 62 cases in control group.The weight,body length and head circumference in intervention group was (4 315.77 ± 856.48) g,(54.22 ± 2.74)cm, (36.23 ± 1.25) cm at 3rd month,while in control group was(3 886.52±812.94)g,(53.84±2.61)cm,(35.99± 1.58)cm.It showed that the weight,body length and head circumference in intervention group were significantly higher than those in control group(t =2.785, 2.512, 1.785, P<0.01 or 0.05). The score of NBNA was (36.85 ± 2.01) points and hospital stays was(16.96±8.01)d in intervention group,while (35.97±1.86)points and(20.41±7.26)d in control group,there were significant differences(t=2.692,-2.534,all P<0.05).Incidence of outpatient visits and readmission were 14.29%(8/56),3.57%(2/56)in intervention group and 32.26%(20/62),14.51% (9/62) in control group, incidence of outpatient visits and readmission were significantly lower in intervention group as compared with control group (χ2=5.251, 4.170, all P<0.05). Conclusions FIC model is implemented in neonatal progressive care unit for preterm infants, it could promote growth and development in preterm infants,shorten the length of hospital stays,while decrease incidence of outpatient visits and readmission.

Oxygen saturation in the retinal vessels of glaucoma and normal eyes / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the difference of retinal vessel oxygen saturation in glaucoma and normal eyes.Methods A cross sectional study design was performed.Fifty eyes of 30 glaucoma patients (glaucoma group) and 41 eyes of 27 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included.Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured with a spectrophotometric retinal oximeter in darkness and visual fields were obtained by Humphrey filed analyzer.The glaucoma eyes were divided into two groups:mean defect (MD) ＜6 dB (28 eyes) and MD≥6 dB (22 eyes) according to mean defect of visual field.Results Retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group and control group were (94.52 ±6.51) ％ and (93.47±6.30) ％ respectively.No statistical difference was found in retinal oxygen saturation in arterioles (H =-0.949,P =0.343).Retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group and control group were (57.57 ± 7.96)％ and (52.60 ± 7.70) ％ respectively.The retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group was higher than that in control group (H=-3.318,P=0.001).The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma group and control group were (36.59± 4.69)％ and (42.41 ±6.73) ％ respectively.The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma group was lower than that in control group (H=-4.148,P＜0.01).The retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation values in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (93.38 ± 6.33)％ and (95.71 ± 6.54)％ respectively,with no statistical difference (H=-1.857,P=0.063).Retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (54.83 ± 6.10) ％ and (6 1.07 ± 8.79) ％ respectively.The retinal venous oxygen saturation values in MD≥ 6 dB glaucoma eyes was higher than that in MD＜ 6 dB glaucoma eyes (H =-2.599,P=0.009).The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (38.12± 4.34) ％ and (34.64 ± 4.49) ％ respectively.The retinal arteriovenous difference in MD≥6 dB glaucoma eyes was lower than that in MD＜6 dB glaucoma eyes (H=-2.463,P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with healthy eyes,there is no change in the retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation,but the retinal venous oxygen saturation is higher and the retinal arteriovenous difference is lower.This feature is more obvious in MD≥6 dB glaucoma eyes.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel triazole derivatives containing sulfur atoms / 药学实践杂志

Objective To design and synthesis novel triazole antifungal derivatives with dithiocarbamates side chain and study the antifungal activities .Methods Nine title compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR ,MS spectra . The in vitro antifungal activities of all the compounds were evaluated against eight human pathogenic fungi .Results The title compounds exhibited strong antifungal activities .Some compounds showed excellent activities against Candida albicans with the MIC80 values less than 0 .125 g/ml ,6d was 64 times higher than that of Itraconazole .Conclusion The introduction of the propyl ,sulphur and benzyl moiety to the side chain could affect the antifungal activities .

Discussion of iron metabolism abnormality and related indicators in hepatitis B / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the relationship among iron metabolism indicators in the patients with hepatitis B and to analyze their clinical significance.Methods Serum ferritin,iron and hepcidin were detected in 96 cases of hepatitis B and 58 negative control subjects.The above indicators detected results and their relationship were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,ser-um ferritin and serum iron concentration in the hepatitis B group were increased,he difference was statistically significant (P <0.05);serum ferritin and serum iron concentration in the hepatitis B group demonstrated the positive correlation (P <0.05);serum ferritin in the patients with hepatitis B was negatively correlated with hepcidin (P =0.018).Conclusion The patient with hepatitis B often have the iron metabolism abnormality,and the iron metabolism indicators is expected to be an assessment indicator of treat-ment and prognosis in the patients with hepatitis B.

Clinical analysis of prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst in 37 infants / 临床儿科杂志

Objectives To explore the clinical intervention of prenatal diagnosed congenital choledochal cyst in infants. Methods 37 infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital choledochal cyst from September 2006 to February 2013 were di-vided into early (0-3 month) operation group (Group A, n=20) and late (>3 month) operation group (Group B, n=17) according to the timing of surgery. The clinical characteristics, the preoperative and postoperative liver function, postoperative com-plications and pathological examination of liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Results Five infants in group A and 2 infants in group B became jaundiced after birth. No statistical difference was found in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between two groups (P>0.05). Preoperative and postoperative levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in group A were signiifcantly higher than those in group B (P<0.05). Two cases had anastomotic stricture and one case had bile leakage in group A while no postoperative complication was found in group B. Liver biopsy re-sults showed that there were 11 cases of biliary cirrhosis, including 4 cases in group A (36.36%) and 7 cases (63.64%) in group B, but no statistical difference in incidence of cirrhosis between two groups (P=0.160). Conclusions Infants with prenatally diagnosed congenital choledochal cyst should be closely observed. Once jaundice, clay-coledstool, increased ALT and AST, fast growing enlarged cysts were found, infants should be surgically treated as soon as possible to reduce liver damage and the incidence of liver cirrhosis.

Study on filtering blebs imaging by anterior segment optical coherence tomography / 眼科研究

Objective To seak a available way of evaluating morphology of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy is very important for forecasting the successful rate of surgery.At the present time,filtering blebs were commonly evaluated by using the slim lamp microscope,but it did not to exactly reflect the filtering passage.This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).MethodsThis was a prospective study.Sixty-nine eyes of 53 patients who had previously undergone trabeculectomy were selected in this study,including 25 eyes with open-angle glaucoma,38 eyes with close-angle glaucoma and 6 eyes with secondary glaucoma.These filtering blebs were classified into functional type (typeⅠandⅡ) and nonfunction type (type Ⅲ and Ⅳ) under the slit lamp microscope based on the van Buskirk grading scales.Intra-bleb morphology and structure were characterized as diffuse-like,cystic-like,encapsulating-like and flatten-like by AS-OCT in reference to the Leung method.The consistency between the two methods was evaluated by the Chi-Square test.Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients before surgery.ResultsThe average follow-up time was 10.78±11.0 months.All the patients finished the examination during the follow-up duration.The average intraocular pressure was(14.9±4.5)mmHg during the observation period.There were 38/69 (55.1%) functioning blebs and 31/69 (44.9%) non-function blebs under the slim lamp microscope.AS-OCT imaging showed diffuse-like blebs in 26 eyes (15.9%),cystic-like blebs in 11 eyes (27.5%),encapsulating-like blebs in 19 eyes (18.8%) and flatten-like in 13 eyes with the intraocular pressure of(13.16±3.77)mmHg,(15.36±2.92)mmHg,(15.77±5.07)mmHg and (16.62±5.33)mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among them (F=3.32,P＜0.05).These patterns of different OCT presented a good consistency with the clinical outcome (χ~2=0.03,P=0.86).ConclusionAS-OCT allows the observation of filtering blebs after glaucoma surgery.It is probably to visualize the internal structure of filtering bleb and deep sclerectomy.Functional and dysfunctional filtering blebs delivery gives different OCT patterns.This could be a new way to assess the postoperative healing process.

Highly effective transformation of Cryptococcus neoformans / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To establish a highly effective transformation method of Cryptococcus neoformans. Methods: Special reagents was used to make C. neoformans take in external DNA under given condition. This chemical transformation result was compared with that of electrotransformation. The feasibility of this chemical transformation was tested by plasmid stability test. Results: The efficiency of this chemical transformation was more than 103 transformants/?g plasmid DNA, far more than that of the traditional electrotransformation. Conclusion: An appropriate transformation method is established for C. neoformans transformation, which has high transformation efficiency.

Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of trabeculectomy combined with Schlemm canal suture implantation in primary open angle glaucoma / 眼科

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of trabeculectomy combined with Schlemm canal suture implantation in patients POAG). Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants 11 patients (19 eyes)with POAG. Methods Two layers of scleral flap were made and the deeper one was dissected. The outer wall of Schlemm canal was cut away. 6-0 nylon thread was implanted between the two cut ends of the canal. Penetrating trabeculectomy was performed and followed with peripheral iridectomy. Superficial scleral flap was sutured. Main Outcome Measures The postoperative observation included intraocular pressure (IOP), formation of the anterior chamber, inflammatory reaction, visual acuity, complications and situation of filtering bleb. Results The mean postoperative follow-up period was 18.05?12.78 months (ranging from 6 to 48 months). There was significant statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative IOPs(31.23?9.72mmHg VS 15.11?6.13mmHg) (t=6.769, P=0.000). The postoperative investigation of IOP for 11 cases (19 eyes) after using medicine showed that IOP≥22mmHg only 1 case. The efficiency was 94.74%. Filtering blebs formed in 6 cases (8 eyes)(42.11%), including the case with IOP≥22mmHg. There was no significant difference in change of preoperative and postoperative IOP in patients with or without filtering blebs with t-test (t=-1.662, P=0.071). The anterior chamber formed well in each case postoperatively. Hyphemia appeared in 4 eyes (21.05%). Hypertonia oculi (IOP≥22mmHg) and hypotonia oculi (IOP≤6mmHg) appeared occasionally in 3 eyes(15.78%) and 11 eyes(57.89%) respectively. Postoperatively,no fibrinous exudates in anterior chamber, choroidal detachment and other complications occurred in any case. Conclusions The control of IOP appears to be good after the surgery of trabeculectomy combined with Schlemm canal suture implantation. It is a promising approach for glaucoma and good with fewer postoperative complications, easier postoperative management and deserve further development.