A study of the influence of the level of transvaginal birth experience on the timing of postpartum lactation initiation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of women′s level of birth experience and lactation initiation time and explore the effect of level of birth experience on lactation initiation time.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method was used to select 622 maternal cases attending the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from November, 2020 to January, 2021, and the distribution of their labor experience level and lactation initiation time was investigated by questionnaire and follow-up assessment.Results:There were 622 women with transvaginal deliveries who had lactation initiation times of more than 72 h in 241 cases (38.75%). The scores for each dimension of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) were (49.63 ± 8.58)points, and the scores for each dimension of CEQ were perceived safety, professional support, involvement and self-efficacy in descending order. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the scores on each dimension of CEQ and the total score and lactation initiation time ( r values were -0.436 to -0.146, all P<0.01). Stratified regression analysis showed that after controlling for age, number of births, gestational weeks of labour, illness during pregnancy and labour analgesia as the underlying variables affecting lactation initiation time, the scores for self-efficacy, involvement, perceived safety and professional support in the CEQ all affected lactation initiation time after delivery ( t values were -6.76 to -2.02, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The birth experience and lactation of women who deliver via vaginal birth need to be taken into account. The more negative the birth experience, the longer the lactation initiation time. The women′s involvement in the birth process, their own competence, perceived safety and level of professional support are all valid influencing indicators of lactation initiation time.

Accuracy of three-dimensional periodontal ligament models generated using cone-beam computed tomography at different resolutions for the assessment of periodontal bone loss / 대한치과교정학회지

Objective@#To develop a method for generating three-dimensional (3D) digital models of the periodontal ligament (PDL) using 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction and to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the 3D PDL models in the measurement of periodontal bone loss. @*Methods@#CBCT data collected from four patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion prior to periodontal surgery were reconstructed at three voxel sizes (0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.3 mm), and 3D tooth and alveolar bone models were generated to obtain digital PDL models for the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Linear measurements of the alveolar bone crest obtained during periodontal surgery were compared with the digital measurements for assessment of the accuracy of the digital models. The agreement and reliability of the digital PDL models were analyzed using intra- and interexaminer correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots. @*Results@#Digital models of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, PDL, and alveolar bone of the four patients were successfully established. Relative to the intraoperative measurements, linear measurements obtained from the 3D digital models were accurate, and there were no significant differences among different voxel sizes at different sites. High diagnostic coincidence rates were found for the maxillary anterior teeth. The digital models showed high intra- and interexaminer agreement. @*Conclusions@#Digital PDL models generated by 3D CBCT reconstruction can provide accurate and useful information regarding the alveolar crest morphology and facilitate reproducible measurements. This could assist clinicians in the evaluation of periodontal prognosis and establishment of an appropriate orthodontic treatment plan.

Clinical Efficacy of Chinese Medicine Combined with Indirect Moxibustion Plaster on COVID-19 Patients During Recovery Period Based on COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol（Tenth Edition） / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster on corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19） patients during recovery period. MethodNinety patients of COVID-19 during the recovery period were randomly divided into a Chinese medicine group， an indirect moxibustion plaster group， and a combination group，with 30 cases in each group. According to the 10th edition of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol，patients in the Chinese medicine group received oral Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation，one dose per day， twice a day. Patients in the indirect moxibustion plaster group were treated with indirect moxibustion plaster at Zusanli （ST 36）， Pishu （BL 20）， Dazhui （GV 14）， Feishu （BL 13）， Kongzui （LU 6）， and Tiantu （CV 22），once a day，40 min each time. Patients in the combination group were treated with Chinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster. Treatment lasted two weeks. Before and after treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score，pulmonary computed tomography （CT） score，St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ） score，blood routine indexes ［white blood cell count （WBC），neutrophil count （NEUT），and lymphocyte count （LYM）］， and inflammatory indexes ［C-reactive protein （CRP），serum ferritin， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）］ were observed in the three groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated. ResultAfter treatment，the scores of TCM symptoms，pulmonary CT， and SGRQ，CRP，IL-6，and ferritin in the three groups decreased（P<0.05），while WBC and LYM increased（P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference in NEUT. The above indexes in the combination group were better than those in the other two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment， the cured and markedly effective rate was 76.7% （23/30） in the combination group， 50.0% （15/30） in the Chinese medicine group， and 46.7% （14/30） in the indirect moxibustion plaster group. The cured and markedly effective rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the Chinese medicine group （χ2=4.593， P<0.05） and the indirect moxibustion plaster group （χ2=5.711， P<0.05）. The total effective rate was 96.7 % （29/30） in the combination group， 93.3% （28/30） in the Chinese medicine group， and 86.7% （26/30） in the indirect moxibustion plaster group. The total effective rate of the combination group was higher than that of the Chinese medicine group and the indirect moxibustion plaster group， but the differences were not statistically significant. ConclusionChinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster can effectively improve the clinical symptoms，promote pulmonary inflammation，blood routine indexes， and inflammatory indexes， and improve the quality of life of COVID-19 patients during the recovery period，which is more advantageous than Chinese medicine alone or indirect moxibustion plaster.

Effects of sulforaphane on anxiety and fear memory in AD mice and its oxidative stress mechanism / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of Nrf2, on anxiety and fear memory in Alzheimer's disease(AD) model mice and mechanism.Methods:The AD mice and wild type (WT) mice with the same background were randomly divided into four groups ( n=12 for each group): wild type + normal saline group (WT+ NS), wild type + sulforaphane (WT+ SFN), AD model + normal saline group (AD+ NS) and AD model + sulforaphane group (AD+ SFN). SFN was dissolved in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and prepared solution with concentration of 1 g/L.According to body weight, mice in WT+ SFN group and AD+ SFN group were intraperitoneally injected with SFN (10 mg/kg), and mice in WT+ NS group and AD+ NS group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline once a day for 30 days.The open field test was used to detect the autonomous exploration ability and anxious behavior of mice.The elevated cross maze was used to detect the anxiety of mice.Conditional fear test was used to test the fear memory behavior of mice.Finally, the expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA.Two-way ANOVA analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software. Results:In the open field test, the percentage of time in central region in AD+ SFN group ((9.99+ 0.37)%) was higher than that of AD+ NS group ((8.47+ 0.42)%) ( q=3.842, P<0.05). In the elevated cross maze, the percentage of time in open arm of AD+ SFN group ((26.2±1.6)%) was higher than that in AD+ NS group ((15.8±1.0)%) ( q=7.452, P<0.01). In the conditional fear test, all the mice of the four groups developed the fear memory, but AD+ SFN group showed higher freezing time ratio ((64.5±3.8)%) than AD+ NS group ((51.0±4.3)%)( q=5.266, P<0.01) in the testing stage.After SFN intervention, the important indicator of oxidative stress, the expression levels of SOD in hippocampus ( q=6.370, P<0.01) and cortex ( q=7.858, P<0.01) of AD mice increased, while the level of MDA in hippocampus ( q=5.146, P<0.05) and cortex ( q=5.833, P<0.01) decreased. Conclusion:SFN may inhibit oxidative stress through Nrf2 pathway, thereby improving anxiety and fear memory in AD mice.

Matched comparison of low kVp imaging and CT spectral imaging in image quality and radiation dose at abdominal CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the image quality and radiation dose of spectral CT with automatic spectral imaging mode selection (ASIS) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) at abdominal CT as compared with low-kVp CT with ASIR.Methods Two hundred patients underwent the plain and arterial-phase (AP) and portal venous-phase (PVP) contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan were analyzed prospectively.The patients were randomly assigned to the control group (low-kVp CT scan) and study group (spectral CT scan),if BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2,patients were assigned into group A (80 kVp) or group B (spectral CT with ASIS);if 24.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI＜28.9 kg/m2,patients were assigned into group C (100 kVp) or group D (spectral CT with ASIS)(n=50 each).Groups A and B,groups C and D were matched by gender,age,body mass index,cross sectional area and contrast agent dose respectively.Low-kVp images and monochromatic images (40 to 60 keV) were all reconstructed by using ASIR.Radiation dose and quantitative parameters (image noise in HU and contrast-to-noise ratio of the liver,aorta and portal vein) were compared by using t test while overall image quality was assessed by Mann-Whitney U test between the matched groups.Results Radiation dose in the group B was significantly higher than group A (increased by 10％,P＜0.05) but there was no significant differences between groups C and D (P＞0.05).Compared to the control group,image noises in the study group were higher at 40 keV and 50 keV (P＜0.05),but similar at 40 keV (P＞0.05).At the energy level of 40 keV,the study group showed higher CNRs,but lower overall image quality scores than the control group except for the similar image quality scores between groups A and B during AP (P＜0.05).At the energy level of 50 keV,the CNRs and overall image quality scores in the study group were higher than or similar to the control group.At the energy level of 60 keV,the study group showed lower or similar CNRs,but higher or similar overall image quality scores compared with the control group.Conclusions The radiation dose of spectral CT with ASIS technique was slightly higher than 80 kVp CT but similar to 100 kVp CT.By combining ASIR technique,monochromatic image at 50 keV can maintain or improve CNR and overall image quality as compared with low-kVp images.

Thevalueofmonochromaticenergyimagingderivedfrom RevolutionCTindetectingcoronary plaqueswithdifferentconcentrationofcontrastagent:aphantomexperiment / 实用放射学杂志

Objective Toexplorethevalueofmonochromaticenergyimaginggeneratedfrom RevolutionCTindetectingcoronary plaquesindifferentconcentrationsofcontrastagent.Methods Sixtesttubesnumbered3,4,5,6,8and9inthephantom wereselectedand filledupwithdifferentconcentrationsofiodinesolutions(20,10,5,2.5,0,13mgI/mL,respectively),fishbonesimulatingcalcified plaqueandstreakyporksimulatinglipid/fibrousplaque.EachtubeunderwentspectralCTscan(studygroup,70keV monochromatic energyimaging)and120kVpCTscan (controlgroup)respectivelyinRevolutionCT.Theabilityofplaquedetectionwasevaluated subjectively,andfurtheranalysis was madeontheimages withascoregreaterthanorequaltothreepoints.One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni m ethod w ere used to co m pare the C T values and C N R in different tubes in the intra-group co m parison ,w hile paired t test and M ann-W hitney U testwereusedfortheinter-groupcomparison.Results TheoverallimagequalityofNo.4,5and9testtubes inbothgroupsmettheclinicaldiagnosticlevel.Intheintra-groupcomparison,No.5testtubeshowedhigherCNRofcalcifiedplaque andNo.9testtubeshowedhigherCNRoflipidplaqueandfibrousplaquethantheothers(t=4.105-29.214,allP<0.001).Whilein theinter-groupcomparison,thestudygroupshowedsimilarCNRofcalcifiedplaqueinNo.9testtube(t=-1.576,P=0.130)tothecontrol group,andhigherCNRintheothersthanthecontrolgroup(Z=-4.074--3.815,t=-14.782--3.520,allP<0.05).Conclusion Comparedwith120kVpCTimages,monochromaticenergyimagingat70keVfrom RevolutionCTshowedbetteroverallimagequality andcoulddisplaycoronaryplaquesbetterwiththecontrastagent concentrationfrom5mgI/mLto13mgI/mL.

Effect of oral appliance treatment on age-related changes of sleep respiratory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#The severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has a tendency to increase with age. The purpose of this study was to explore whether oral appliance (OA) treatment can block this age-related change.@*Methods@#This study was a retrospective study. Fifteen patients (12 males,3 females) of OSAHS treated with OA were selected as treatment group,with an average age of (47.44±10.00) years and initial body mass index (BMI) of (26.31±3.33) kg/m2. The follow-up length was 54 [22, 100] months. Nineteen patients (13 males,6 females) with untreated OSAHS served as controls, with an average age of (45.00±9.26) years and initial BMI of (25.53±2.58) kg/m2,and the follow-up length was 35 [26,63] months. There were no significant differences in terms of gender,age,initial BMI, apnea hypopnea index(AHI), and follow-up length between the two groups. Polysomnography(PSG) data for the two groups were compared to observe the sleep respiratory function changes as aging by Wilcoxon test.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in BMI of the treatment group and the control group at the time of follow-up, with BMI of treatment group from (26.31±3.33) kg/m2 to (25.67±3.65) kg/m2,Z=-1.223,P=0.221; and BMI of control group from (25.53±2.58) kg/m2 to (25.12±2.72) kg/m2,Z=-1.193,P=0.233. There was no significant difference in the change of AHI within the treatment group, from 26.20 [11.50, 52.98]/h to 23.10 [16.00, 45.00]/h, Z=-0.284, P=0.776; AHI in the control group was higher than that at the first visit, and the AHI increased from 15.00 [10.72, 28.90]/h to 31.10 [13.00, 41.80]/h, Z=-3.481, P<0.001. The longest apnea duration was not statistically different in the treatment group, from 60.00 [56.40, 74.00] s to 63.00 [52.00, 77.00] s, Z=-0.345, P=0.730; the longest apnea duration in the control group increased from 42.00 [34.00, 56.70] s to 46.00 [37.00,62.00] s,Z=-2.274,P=0.023. There was no significant difference in the lowest blood oxygen saturation of the treatment group and the control group, with the treatment group from 72.47%±12.69% to 72.73%±17.59%, Z=-0.597, P=0.550; and the control group from 78.21%±9.30% to 76.42%±12.17%, Z=-0.153, P=0.879.@*Conclusion@#Symptoms of sleep apnea in OSAHS patients tend to increase with age,and oral appliance treatment may have the effect of slowing down this age-related worsening effect.

Stability of orthodontic treatment in the patients with cleft lip and palate / 中华口腔医学杂志

Severe maxillary deficiency is often seen in cleft lip and palate patients due to multiple factors such as congenital defect, traumatic effect of surgeries and constriction of scar tissue, which causes moderate to severe crowding and anterior and posterior crossbite. Orthodontic treatment is usually difficult and time consuming. Upper arch expansion and maxillary protraction are often carried out to release transverse and sagittal intermaxillary discrepancy. Orthodontic treatment for cleft patients is different from that of non-cleft patients. Special management is needed and the stability of treatment should be considered. Relapse usually occurred after upper arch expansion especially in canine and premolar area. Over expansion should be cautious and orthognathic surgery may reduce the unstability of expansion. Maxillary protraction can improve the facial esthetics of the children with cleft. Alveolar bone grafting could improve the protraction effect and reduce the side effect such as clockwise mandibular rotation and upper incisor proclination. Forward movement of maxilla by protration is stable and continuous growth of the mandible is the most liable factor causing relapse. High mandibular angle and over growth of mandible are the risk factors of unstability of maxillary protraction.

Virulence of enterovirus 71 in infected neonatal mouse models / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To explore the virulence of enterovirus 71 from infected children in neonatal mice. Methods Three strains of EV71 were isolated from the mild, severe and dead patients. Symptoms, weight and death of mice were recorded throughout 14 days. The mice were sacrificed on the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days post infection to gain the tissue virus load including the liver, spleen, lung, intestine, brain and muscle tissue which were used to detect the virus tilter by real-time RT-QPCR, and pathological lesions using HE staining. Results As to the severity of symptoms, no significant difference was found between the severe and mild groups (P＝0. 693), which were more serious than that of the fatal group. (P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6, P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6). The survival rate of the mice with mild, severe and fatal virus infection was 77. 2%, 81. 7% and 97. 8%, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the three groups (P＝0. 0010 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 001 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 0004 ＜ 0. 05). Lung hemorrhage of the mild group was the most serious, and there were no significant differences in pathological lesions of the brain, muscle, spleen and intestine. Virus titer in the liver and muscle was higher than the other tissues and that in mild group of different tissues tended to be higher than the other two groups. Conclusions Neonatal mice infected with the mild strain of enterovirus 71 presents heaviest symptoms, which are not consistent with the outcomes of humans. It is considered to be related to the virus gene, host and other factors.

Abdominal CT with low radiation dose in obese patients: application of wide-detector helical CT combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the value of wide-detector helical CT combined with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) in the low radiation dose CT examination of upper abdomen in obese patients.Methods In the first phantom experiment part,the optimal percentage of pre-and post-ASIR-V of abdominal scanning (120 kVp,NI =10 HU) were explored.The second human experiment was performed based on the phantom study,and our institutional review board approved this prospective study,each participant provided written informed consent.87 obese patients (body mass index,BMI ≥30 kg/m2) underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan were randomly divided into two scan protocols [protocol A:n =43,120 kVp,detector coverage of 80 mm,40％ pre-ASIR-V (group A1)and combined with 60％ post-ASIR-V (group A2) respectively;protocol B,n =44,120 kVp,detector coverage of 40 mm,40％ ASIR (group B)].Quantitative parameters [image noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)] and qualitative visual parameters (overall image quality as graded on a 5-point scale) were compared.Weighted effective dose (E) were assessed.Results The optimal percentage of pre-and post-ASIR-V of abdominal scanning were 40％ and 60％,respectively.The effective radiation dose in protocol A [(4.55 ± 0.95) mSv] was decreased for 53％ as compared with protocol B [(9.58 ± 2.04) mSv](t =-14.773,P ＜ 0.001).During the arterial phase and portal venous phase,except for the CNRs of liver,Group A2 showed higher CNRs (q =2.160-3.209,P ＜ 0.05),lower image noise(q =-4.212--3.202,P＜0.05),and higher overall image quality scores(Z =-5.155--2.561,P ＜0.05) as compared with group A1 and group B.Group A1 showed similar CNRs,similar image noise(P ＞ 0.05),and lower overall image quality scores (Z =-3.298--3.030,P ＜ 0.05) than group B.The overall image quality scores in group A were all greater than 3 point and met the clinical diagnostic level.Conclusions Compared with stand-detector helical CT in obese patients,the wide-detector helical CT combined with 40％ pre-ASIR-V could reduce the radiation dose by 53％,and improve overall image quality by combining post-ASIR-V technique.

"Interaction between gut microbiota and ""gut-lung"" axis" / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Gut microbiota means a highly diverse and dense microbiota which inhabits in the gastrointestinal tract of humans.It plays a vital role in many important physiological processes including exerting nutritional and metabolic activities,regulating the immune system,and protecting against pathogens.Recent studies suggested that the gut microbiota was associated with the development of many lung diseases,such as pneumonia,asthma and tuberculosis.There is a gut-lung axis in human body.Now,the relationship between the gut microbiota and the gut-lung axis is reviewed.

Efficacy of oral appliance therapy of obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome in different periods of treatment / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the long-term efficacy of oral appliance treating of obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in different periods of treatment.Methods:A total of 55 patients were included in the study.Patients were all diagnosed with OSAHS by overnight polysomnography and all received oral appliance (OA) as the therapy.The OA positioned the mandible at 60％-70％ of the maximal mandible advancement position and created a 4-5 mm incisor separation.The patients were instructed to wear the appliance during sleep,6-8 hours per day,for 5-7 days per week.They were divided into four groups by the period of treatment,including less than 1 year group;1-2 years group;2-6 years group and 6-9 years group.The polysomnographic study was used to investigate the efficacy of the four groups.The outcome measures included the score on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI),the longest apnea time and the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) levels during an overnight sleep.Results:The AHI decreased significantly in all the four groups.The less than 1 year group decreased from 24.50 (14.65,54.05) to 7.40 (2.12,10.00) events/h (P ＜ 0.001);The 1-2 years group decreased from 19.50 (12.15,39.23) to 1.80 (0.70,6.58) events/h (P =0.001);The 2-6 years group decreased from 25.00 (11.41,42.60) to 4.50 (1.35,7.90) events/h (P =0.001);The 6-9 years group decreased from 26.2 (16.95,47.45) to 4.00 (1.90,26.70) events/h (P =0.043).The longest apnea decreased significantly in less than 1 year group,1-2 years group and 2-6 years group.The longest apnea decreased from 57.00 (37.70,61.50) to 25.00 (15.90,33.50)seconds (P＜0.001) in the less than 1 year group,from 41.00 (25.50,62.26) to 13.10 (0.00,22.10) seconds (P =0.001) in the 1-2 year group and from 42.50 (30.35,58.15) to 15.60 (0.00,28.10) seconds (P =0.003) in the 2-6 year group.The LSaO2 levels increased significantly in the less than 1 year group and 2-6 years group.The LSaO2 levels rose significantly in the less than 1 year group,from 74.18％ ±7.96％ to 84.06％ ±7.67％ (P =0.001),and in the 2-6 years group,from 76.71％ ± 10.98％ to 84.06％ ±4.64％ (P =0.006),The LSaO2 levels did not increase significantly in the 1-2 years and 6-9 years groups.Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the AHI,longest apnea time and LSaO2 in 4 the groups.Conclusion:The oral appliance is an effective therapy for patients with OSAHS in the long-term treatment.However,it's recommended to make appointments with patients as a follow-up supervision whether there is any efficacy decrease.And the oral appliance should be replaced if necessary.

Comparison of treatment outcomes in patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion by applying different anchorage methods: a three-dimensional model study / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes in patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion by applying different anchorage methods via three-dimensional model measurement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 46 patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and high anchorage were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of anchorage applied, which included implant, extraoral, and Nance arch anchorages. The maxillary dental models were made before treatment and after space closure of maxilla. The movements of the maxillary central incisors and first molars were measured via a three-dimensional model measurement, and the amounts of movement were compared among the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sagittal lingual movements of the maxillary central incisors were (-6.661 ± 1.328), (-5.939 ± 1.806), and (-5.788 ± 2.009) mm for the implant, extraoral, and Nance arch anchorage groups, respectively, with no significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.121). The corresponding vertical movements of the maxillary central incisors were (0.129 ± 1.815) mm intrusion, and (-2.162 ± 2.026), (-2.623 ± 1.776) mm extrusion. Significant difference was found between the implant anchorage group and the other groups (P < 0.05). The corresponding sagittal mesial movements of the maxillary first molars were (0.608 ± 1.045), (1.445 ± 1.462), and (1.503 ± 0.945) mm. The corresponding vertical movements of the maxillary first molars were (0.720 ± 0.805) mm intrusion, (0.076 ± 0.986) mm intrusion, and (-0.072 ± 0.690) mm extrusion. Significant difference was found between the implant anchorage group and the other two groups (P < 0.05). In the transverse direction, the first molars all moved lingually with no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Implant anchorage may be superior in the vertical control of the maxillary incisors and in the sagittal, as well as in the vertical control of the maxillary molars, compared with the traditional anchorages during the treatment of patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.</p>

Evaluation of alveolar bone defects on anterior region in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by using cone-beam CT / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the alveolar bone defects of anterior alveolar bone in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) . Methods: The samples consisted of 50 patients with bimaxillary protrusion, who were assigned to the teenage group[20 cases, (13. 1 ± 1. 0) years] and adult group[30 cases, (22. 9 ± 4. 2) years] . The adult group included 9 hy-po-divergent, 11 normo-divergent and 10 hyper-divergent patients. The images were obtained by using NewTom VG CBCT and the alveolar defects were evaluated. Results:The ratio of the patients had alveo-lar bone defects was 94. 00%. Meanwhile, the defects were associated with 38. 60% of all the teeth. Most defects occurred on labial alveolar bone ( 98 . 66%); fenestration was found more in the maxillary alveolar region and dehiscence occurred more in the mandible. The dehiscences (3. 06%) and defects prevalence (30. 13%) of the teenage group were significant lower than those of the adult group (11. 73% vs. 42. 46%), P0. 05). The hypo-divergent group had lower fenestrations prevalence (22. 22%) than the normo-divergent (33. 84%) and hyper-divergent groups (37. 50%), P<0. 05. The upper central incisor had the lowest alveolar bone defect prevalence. Conclusion: Alveolar bone defects are common findings in patients with bimaxillary protrusion before orthodontic treatment. The prevalence of defects is affected by age and vertical-growth type.

Change of masticatory movement in cleft lip and palate patients with anterior crossbite before and after maxillary protraction / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To quantitatively measure the masticatory movement and to investigate the change of stomatognathic function in patients with cleft lip and palate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients with complete cleft lip and palate were selected.Electromyography of bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter was measured and mandibular movement was examined during masticatory movement before and after maxillary protraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the activity of masticatory muscles in the functional side was increased significantly.In the unilateral mastication side (left) and the right side, the activities of anterior temporalis increased from 45.57 (26.75, 67.84) mV to 80.24 (72.31, 91.36) mV and from 45.25 (37.34, 57.42) mV to 73.56 (59.63, 94.80) mV, respectively.In the unilateral mastication side (left)and the right side, the activities of masseter increased from 62.37 (45.76, 72.45) mV to 90.35 (78.94, 110.45) mV and from 67.53 (59.65, 80.53) mV to 87.97 (72.35, 99.79) mV, respectively.No significant increment in the balance side was found during masticatory movement. The masticatory trajectory was not changed significantly. The width of lateral and vertical scale of right side mastication increased significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After the treatment, the activity of masticatory muscles increased significantly, and the width of lateral and vertical scale of right side mastication increased significantly.</p>

Three-dimensional Medical Support Function Embedded in Field Medical Shelter / 医疗卫生装备

The application of field medical shelter in Wenchuan Earthquake on May,12 is discussed,and some problems encountered are pointed out.Several advices,such as the increase of medical equipment in number and allocation optimization of the shelter,are put forward.