Clinical analysis of 11 cases of neonates with influenza virus infection in the neonatal intensive care unit / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, examination results, treatment and prognosis of neonates with influenza virus infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:Clinical data of neonates with influenza virus infection who were hospitalized in the NICU of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese People′s Liberation Army from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 11 hospitalized neonates with influenza virus infection in the NICU were recruited, including 2 cases of influenza A and 9 cases of influenza B. Ten cases (90.9%) had respiratory symptoms, and among them, there were 8 cases with increased oxygen demand, 7 cases with complicated pneumonia, 4 cases with dyspnea, and 2 cases with apnea.Seven cases showed abnormal body temperature, including 6 cases of fever, and 1 case of hypothermia.Five cases had circulatory system symptoms.Digestive system symptoms and urinary system symptoms were detected in 5 cases and 3 cases, respectively.Eight cases complicated with systemic symptoms, including 3 cases of poor mental response, 3 cases of worsening jaundice, 3 cases of weight loss, 2 cases of hyperglycemia, 1 case of edema and sclerosis.Ten cases were treated with gamma globulin immunotherapy, 2 cases were treated with plasma immune support, and 1 case was treated with Peramivir antiviral.Eight cases were treated with increased oxygen therapy, among which non-invasive ventilator parameters or modes increased in 4 cases, and nasal cannula oxygen concentration increased in 2 cases.The change of noninvasive-assisted ventilation to invasive-assisted ventilation occurred in 1 case, and 1 case developed the change of nasal cannula to noninvasive-assisted ventilation.Four neonates received anti-shock and (or) myocardial contractility therapy.Conclusions:Neonates with influenza virus infection in the NICU are mainly manifested as respiratory symptoms and fever, and the incidence of complicated pneumonia is high.Multiple systems may be involved at the same time, often leading to severe disease status.Comprehensive supportive treatment is necessary.Neonatologists should pay attention to these symptoms, and early detection of influenza virus and timely isolation are the key methods to prevent influenza outbreaks in NICU.

Isolation, antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence gene analysis of Campylobacter spp.originated from duck / 中国人兽共患病学报

To investigate the contamination conditions of Campylobacter spp.in duck production chain and its antimicrobial resistance,virulence gene distribution,samples were collected at the duck slaughterhouse according to GB 4789.9-2014.Triplex PCR assay was applied to identify the species of Campylobacter and the recovered Campylobacter strains were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against 8 kinds of antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method,the susceptibility results were determined according to the NARMS criteria (2011).Subsequently,4 virulence genes were detected by PCR method.The result showed that 187 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 489 samples,including 160 C.jejuni,130 C.coli and 10 unidentified Campylobacter isolates.The total isolation rate of Campylobacter was 38.24％.The prevalence of Camnpytobacter before slaughtering,at depilation stage,evisceration stage and duck products was 76.33％,5.62％,24.00％,and 0％,respectively.The Campylobacter isolates were most frequently resistant to tetracycline (95.72 ％),followed by resistance to clindamycin(90.91％),the resistance rate of azithromycin (63.64％) was in the middle,the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin(31.02％),gentamicin(34.76％),nalidixic acid (37.43 ％),erythromycin (41.18 ％),chloramphenicol (41.18％) were relatively low.The multi-drug resistance was common among Campylobacter isolates with a rate of 72.19％.The prevalence of adhesion-associated gene cadF,flagellin gene flaA,invasion associated protein gene iamA,toxin regulation gene cdtB was 100％,80.75 ％,71.12％ and 94.65％,respectively.The results indicated that the Campylobacter contamination occurred in the slaughtering procedures of duck,and the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates was relatively serious.In addition,the virulence-associated genes were detected widely among Campylobacter isolates.Therefore,the supervision of antimicrobial agents using at rearing stage should be strengthened,along with health management in duck production chain.

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Chlorogenic Acid in Prunus armeniaca Flos and Comparison of Its Contents from Different Origins and Varieties / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of chlorogenic acid in Prunus armeniaca flos,and compare the contents in P. armeniaca flos from different origins and varieties. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of chlorogenic acid in P. armeniaca flos;using the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,ultrasonic extraction times and time as factor,the content of chlorogenic acid as index,single factor and orthogonal test were designed to optimize the extraction technology,and verification tests were carried out. The optimized extraction technology was used to extract and compare the contents of chlorogenic acid in Armeniaca sibirica from 7 origins of P. armeniaca flos and 3 origins of Armeniaca sibirica flos. RESULTS:The optimized extraction technology was extracting twice with 12-fold 75% ethanol,30 min each time. Under the con-ditions,the content of chlorogenic acid can reach 77.38 mg/g(RSD=0.58%,n=3);the contents of chlorogenic acid in A. sibiri-ca flos and P. armeniaca flos were 77.38-83.33 mg/g and 63.12-70.22 mg/g,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The established extrac-tion technology is reasonable,stable and feasible. The contents of chlorogenic acid in A. sibirica are higher than that in P. armenia-ca flos;the contents have no obvious differences in the same variety of A. sibirica from different origins.

Clinical observation on the treatment of Middle-Aged Chronic Migraine with Qiye Shenan tablet and Sumatriptan / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Qiye Shenan tablet combined with sumatriptan in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic migraine.MethodsA total of 124 elderly patients with chronic migraine treated in our hospital from July 2015 to December 2015 were selected.The patients were divided into two groups according to the principle of randomization, with 62 cases in each group.The control group was treated with sumatriptan, The observation group was treated with Qiye Shenan tablet on this basis.The curative effect of the two groups, the relevant indicators and adverse reactions were analyzed.ResultsThe effective rate was 95.16% in the observation group, which was higher than that in the control group (80.65%, P<0.05).After treatment, the VAS score and the main symptom scores of the observation group were (1.86±0.42,3.48±0.59), respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (3.19±0.50,5.06±0.64) (P<0.05).The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the observation group was (33.04±3.86)μmol/L, which was lower than that in the control group (40.92±4.28)μmol/L(P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate was 11.29% in the observation group, which was lower than that in the control group (17.74%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionQiye Shenan tablet can improve the therapeutic effect of chronic migraine in the elderly, reduce the pain of the patients and improve the related symptoms, and the safety of medication.

Protective effect of Cordyceps militaris polypeptide against acute alcoholic liver injury in rats / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Cordyceps militaris polypeptide against acute alcoholic liver injury in rats and related mechanism. MethodsA total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Cordyceps militaris polypeptide groups. All rats except those in the blank control group were given 10 ml/kg 56° liquor by gavage once a day; the rats in the blank control group were given distilled water of the same dose by gavage once a day. At 1 hour after gavage with liquor, the rats in the model group and low-, medium-, and high-dose Cordyceps militaris polypeptide groups were given distilled water or Cordyceps militaris polypeptide solution (6 ml/kg) by gavage. Blood samples were collected from the orbit 4 weeks later. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver were measured for each group, and the pathological changes in the liver were observed under a light microscope. Analysis of variance was applied for comparison between multiple groups, and the SNK-q test was applied for comparison between any two groups. ResultsCompared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose Cordyceps militaris polypeptide groups showed significant reductions in the serum levels of ALT and AST and the level of MDA in the liver (all P＜0.05), as well as a significant increase in the activity of SOD in the liver (all P＜0.05), while these indices showed significant differences between the low-, medium-, and high-dose Cordyceps militaris polypeptide groups (all P＜0.05). The liver pathological sections from the low-, medium-, and high-dose Cordyceps militaris polypeptide groups showed alleviated hepatocyte fatty degeneration and necrosis induced by alcohol under a light microscope. ConclusionCordyceps militaris polypeptide has a protective effect against acute liver injury induced by alcohol, and its mechanism of action may be related to its antioxidant effect.

Mechanisms regulating p21 gene expression by retinoic acid-induced gene G protein / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanisms by which retinoic acid-induced gene G (RIG-G) protein regulates p21 gene expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blot was used to detect the effects of RIG-G protein overexpression on p21 protein expression level in leukemia cell line NB4 cells and the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and JNK in U937 cells. The c-Jun expression plasmid and p21 gene promoter-containing reporter plasmid were co-transfected into 293T cells, to explore the regulatory effect of c-Jun protein on p21 gene expression by luciferase reporter assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot showed that the overexpression of RIG-G protein significantly upregulated p21 protein level in the NB4 cells, and the level of p21 protein largely increased along with the induction of endogenous RIG-G protein during the differentiation of NB4 cells treated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Moreover, the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and JNK decreased in RIG-G-overexpressing U937 cells while total c-Jun and JNK proteins remained unchanged. After using the JNK inhibitor SP600125 to block JNK phosphorylation, the level of c-Jun phosphorylation was still dramatically reduced in the RIG-G-overexpressing U937T-RIG-G cells, compared with the control U937T-pTRE cells. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of Rig-G protein on c-Jun phosphorylation could not only be through the JNK pathway, but also via some JNK-independent pathways. Luciferase reporter assay showed that when 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg c-Jun-expressing plasmids were respectively transfected into 293T cells, compared with the empty vector-transfected group, the relative luciferase activities were (83.0 ± 1.7)%, (73.7 ± 0.7)%, (68.9 ± 0.9)% and (64.1 ± 0.9)%, indicating that the transcriptional activity of p21 gene could be inhibited by c-Jun protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RIG-G protein may suppress the phosphorylation of c-Jun protein through different signal pathways, thereby increasing the expression of p21 gene, arresting the cell cycle and inhibiting the cell growth in U937 cells.</p>

Contributions of K ATP within the paraventricular nucleus in the modulation of inflammatory pain in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the role of KATP in the pa-raventricular nucleus in inflammatory pain. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats,250~280 g, were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( each, n =6 ): Normal group, Saline group ( for control, subcutaneous injection of 100 μl of saline into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw) , CFA group ( subcutaneous injection of 100μl of complete freund's adjuvant into the plantar sur-face of the left hindpaw) , Vehicle group ( treated with dimethylsulfoxide), KATP selective agonist group(trea-ted with diaoxide) . Rats in each group were tested for TWL with radiant heat apparatus. Immunofluorescent technique was used to label KATP in PVN and c-Fos in lumber spinal cord. Three days after injected with CFA, a selective KATP agonist, diaoxide, was injected into one side of PVN to test its effect on inflammatory pain and c-Fos expression in lumber spinal cord. Re-sults ① Compared with pre-operation and saline group, rats showed significantly lower TWL on day 1, 3, 7 after injection of CFA;the numbers of KATP posi-tive cells were significantly lower; the numbers of c-Fos positive cells were significantly higher. ② Com-pared with those of vehicle group, TWL and the num-ber of c-Fos in lumber spinal cord were both signifi-cantly lower after injection of diaoxide into one side of PVN. Conclusion KATP in PVN is related to inflam-matory pain.

Equine hyperimmune serum protects mice against Clostridium difficile spore challenge

Clostridium (C.) difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea in horses. Vancomycin and metronidazole have been used as standard treatments but are only moderately effective, which highlights the need for a novel alternative therapy. In the current study, we prepared antiserum of equine origin against both C. difficile toxins A and B as well as whole-cell bacteria. The toxin-neutralizing activities of the antibodies were evaluated in vitro and the prophylactic effects of in vivo passive immunotherapy were demonstrated using a conventional mouse model. The data demonstrated that immunized horses generated antibodies against both toxins A and B that possessed toxin-neutralizing activity. Additionally, mice treated with the antiserum lost less weight without any sign of illness and regained weight back to a normal range more rapidly compared to the control group when challenged orally with 10(7) C. difficile spores 1 day after serum injection. These results indicate that intravenous delivery of hyperimmune serum can protect animals from C. difficile challenge in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, immunotherapy may be a promising prophylactic strategy for preventing C. difficile infection in horses.

Content Change of Aconitine in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii with Different Boiling Time / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the content change of aconitine in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii in different boiling time. Methods The chromatographic procedure was carried out with methanol-water-chloroform-diethylamide (70∶30∶3∶0.2) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature at 30 ℃, and UV detector at 240 nm. Results There was a good linear relationship of aconitine within 0.08-0.8 μg, r=0.999 8 (n=6), and the average recovery rate was 97.16%. The content of aconitine increased gradually in 0-2 h, then gradually decreased. And the reduction was evident particularly during 2-4 hours. Conclusion HPLC method is rapid, simple, accurate, reproducible and reliable for determining aconitine. The content of aconitine can be decreased effectively by boiling 4 hours.

The effect of high-dose mifepristone on the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the endometrial tissue / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo study the effect of high-dose mifepristone on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1,(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the endometrial tissue and research the molecular mechanisms of mifepristone in treat ment of endometrial cancer.Methods30 patients with endometrial cancer who were treated were asked to oral mifepristone 100mg/d,the specimens from a biopsy or curettage were taken as the group before treatment,the specimens from surgery were as the group of after treatment.Another 10 cases of normal endometrium were selected as the control group.The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were examined with immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF(78.6 ± 3.5,92.4 ± 5.1 ) in endometrial cancer was significantly higher than normal endometrium( 192.3 ± 4.7,178.4 ± 3.3,P ＜ 0.01 ),large doses of mifepristone can significantly reduce the expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF in endometrial cancer issues ( 103.2 ± 4.1,118.3 ± 4.9,P ＜0.05).ConclusionOne of the molecular mechanisms of mifepristone inhibits the endometrial cancer was reduced HIF-1α and VEGF expression.