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Objective:To assess plasma microfibrillar associated protein 5(MFAP5) level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), and to explore its relationship with glucose and lipid metabolism as well as sex hormones.Methods:Fifty PCOS patients and 65 healthy female subjects were selected as PCOS group and control group, respectively. Clinical data and plasma MFAP5 levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The plasma MFAP5 level in PCOS group was significantly higher than that in control group( P<0.01), and the plasma MFAP5 level in PCOS overweight subgroup was higher than that in control subgroup( P<0.01). No difference was observed in plasma MFAP5 level between the two non-overweight subgroups( P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plasma MFAP5 level was positively correlated with waist circumference, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting insulin, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), HbA 1C, testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, and leukocyte( P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant correlation of MFAP5 with body weight, body mass index(BMI), hip circumference, waist hip ratio, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glucose( P>0.05). In PCOS group, plasma MFAP5 level was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, total cholesterol, and leukocyte( P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant correlation of MFAP5 with waist hip ratio, HDL-C, triglyceride, blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, leukocyte, and sex hormones( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MFAP5 was an independent risk factor for PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusion:Plasma MFAP5 level is increased in PCOS patients and is closely related to BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and total cholesterol. Plasma MFAP5 is an independent risk factor for PCOS, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Modern oncology believes that tumor-associated inflammation is one of the prominent features of tumor microenvironment.The occurrence and development of ovarian cancer is inseparable from the influence of inflammatory factors in the microenvironment.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important pro-inflammatory factor that regulates tumor cell growth.Current studies found that the expression of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor both increase in patients with ovarian cancer, which are closely related to poor clinical prognosis.The mechanism of effect of IL-6 on the malignant progression of ovarian cancer has been a research hotspots in the field of tumor microenvironment.In combination of the research results of this group in recent years, we mainly review the role of IL-6 in ovarian cancer including proliferation, invasion and metastasis, blood system disorders and drug resistance.Then, we introduce the research frontiers and application prospects of IL-6 targeted therapy for ovary cancer.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, pathological features and gene diagnosis of cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL).@*Methods@#Clinical manifestations, signs and imaging characteristics of a female patient hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for more than 10 days due to headache were analyzed, and skin biopsy and HTRA1 and Notch3 gene detection were performed. The pedigree of the proband was investigated in detail, and HTRA1 gene test and related imaging examination were conducted in parallel. Due to the deceased parents of the patient, relevant genetic testing could not be conducted. A control group of 100 healthy people were analyzed.@*Results@#The clinical manifestations of proband were headache after insomnia, hearing loss in the right ear, easy to wake up and sweat at night. Brain MRI showed diffuse patchy long T1 and long T2 signals in bilateral fronto-parietal temporal occipital insula, internal and external capsule areas, bilateral basal ganglia areas, and bilateral thalamus. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence showed high signals. Magnetic sensitive weighted imaging showed scattered patchy low signals in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, bilateral basal ganglia area, left thalamus and brain stem. The proband had consanguineous parents. A homozygous mutation C to T transition at position 589 (c.589C>T) was found in exon 3 of HTRA1 gene with the proband and both siblings. The heterozygous c.589C>T mutation appeared in another sister of the proband. Under the light microscope of skin biopsy, pigmentation in the basal layer of the skin could be seen, collagen fiber hyperplasia in the dermis was accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, and no definite amyloidosis was found. No mutations were found in Notch3 gene. Because the patient′s parents were deceased, genetic testing was not possible. One hundred healthy controls had no such mutation.@*Conclusions@#The CARASIL family with HTRA1 gene c.589C>T homozygous mutation was reported, and the pathogenicity of the mutation was confirmed. HTRA1 genetic testing is recommended for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CARASIL with family history or clinical suspicion.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, pathological features and gene diagnosis of cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). Methods Clinical manifestations, signs and imaging characteristics of a female patient hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University for more than 10 days due to headache were analyzed, and skin biopsy and HTRA1 and Notch3 gene detection were performed. The pedigree of the proband was investigated in detail, and HTRA1 gene test and related imaging examination were conducted in parallel. Due to the deceased parents of the patient, relevant genetic testing could not be conducted. A control group of 100 healthy people were analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations of proband were headache after insomnia, hearing loss in the right ear, easy to wake up and sweat at night. Brain MRI showed diffuse patchy long T1 and long T2 signals in bilateral fronto?parietal temporal occipital insula, internal and external capsule areas, bilateral basal ganglia areas, and bilateral thalamus. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence showed high signals. Magnetic sensitive weighted imaging showed scattered patchy low signals in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, bilateral basal ganglia area, left thalamus and brain stem. The proband had consanguineous parents. A homozygous mutation C to T transition at position 589 (c.589C>T) was found in exon 3 of HTRA1 gene with the proband and both siblings. The heterozygous c.589C>T mutation appeared in another sister of the proband. Under the light microscope of skin biopsy, pigmentation in the basal layer of the skin could be seen, collagen fiber hyperplasia in the dermis was accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, and no definite amyloidosis was found. No mutations were found in Notch3 gene. Because the patient′s parents were deceased, genetic testing was not possible. One hundred healthy controls had no such mutation. Conclusions The CARASIL family with HTRA1 gene c.589C>T homozygous mutation was reported, and the pathogenicity of the mutation was confirmed. HTRA1 genetic testing is recommended for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CARASIL with family history or clinical suspicion.
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Objective To investigate the effect of occipitocervical fusion in patients with craniovertebral junction deformity combined with atlantoaxial instability. Methods The clinical data of 59 patients with craniovertebral junction deformity combined with atlantoaxial instability from March 2013 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with occipitocervical fusion. The atlantoaxial distance (ADI), distance between the odontoid and Chamberlain line and cervicomedullary angle (CMA) were used to evaluate atlantoaxial dislocation, vertical displacement and spinal cord compression, and the Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate the effect before operation and 7 days after operation. Results The operation time was 109 to 214 (148.5 ± 20.1) min, the transoperative bleeding was 55 to 210 (122.0 ± 16.7) ml, and no injury of spinal cord nerve and vertebral artery occurred during operation. The CMA and JOA score 7 d after operation were significantly higher than that before operation: (153.8 ± 5.4)° vs. (131.2 ± 7.1) ° and (12.7 ± 1.8) scores vs. (10.6 ± 1.4) scores, and the ADI and distance between the odontoid and Chamberlain line 7 d after operation were significantly lower than that before operation: (2.9 ± 0.7) mm vs. (8.3 ± 2.7) mm and (3.2 ± 1.4) mm vs. (8.2 ± 2.3) mm, and there were statistical difference (P＜0.05). One case (1.7%, 1/59) died of massive brainstem infarction 1 d after operation; 2 patients (3.4%, 2/59) had undergone a revision operation due to fusion failure 3 months after operation; other 56 patients in reduction, internal fixation and bone graft fusion. The patients were followed up for 6 to 38 (15.9 ± 7.2) months, and the symptom relief was in 56 cases. The rate of symptom relief was 94.9% (56/59). The JOA score at last follow-up was significantly higher than that before operation: (13.3 ± 1.8) scores vs. (10.6 ± 1.4) scores, and there was statistical difference (P＜0.05). Conclusions The occipitocervical fusion can effectively relieve spinal cord compression and atlantoaxial instability in patients with craniovertebral junction deformity combined with atlantoaxial instability.
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@# Sarcopenia, also known as skeletal muscle reduction, is one of the common clinical complications of old patients with diabetes, that may impact the quality of life, and increase the incidence of disability and mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia in diabetics is not yet clear, and may associate not only the aging and malnutrition, but also the insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, nerve vascular system complications, poor glycemic control, high blood glucose levels and long-term use medicine about, etc. Regular exercise, balanced nutritional intake and rational use of hypoglycemic drugs can promote the recovery of muscle strength, and may improve the quality of life and outcome of old patients with diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Puerarin on glucose and lipid metabolism and gastric motility in early period type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats.Methods Rat model of T2DM was established by high fat-sugar diet fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated. SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group (NC), normal+Puerarin group (NP), diabetes control group (DC) and diabetes+Puerarin group (DP). NP and DP rats were given Puerarin 400 mg/(kg?d) once per day for 5 weeks, NC and DC rats were given PBS. Half time of gastric emptying and emptying rate were evaluated by SPECT. The serum level of FBG, GSP, FFA, TC, TG and INS were measured by kit.Results Compared with NC group, DC rats had higher FBG, FFA, TC, GSP, TG and emptying rate, but INS and half time of gastric emptying decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with DC group, TG, GSP, FFA and emptying rate of DP rats were reduced (P<0.05), but had more half time of gastric emptying (P<0.05). The results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that FBG related to half time of gastric emptying.Conclusion Type 2 diabetic rats have faster gastric motility, higher blood glucose and lipid. Puerarin might improve the disorders of GSP, TG, FFA and gastric emptying in diabetic rats.
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Objective To explore the related factors for improving the effect of the staged bilateral multi-targets pallidotomy and thalamotomy on Parkinson's disease.Methods 387 patients were divided into different groups according to various factors,including the age of patient,operation method,interval of radiofrequency and the diameter of electrode. The relationship between the above mentioned factors and the effect or complication was analyzed.Results All the symptoms of PD were significantly improved after second operation in the near future. Staged bilateral pallidotomy was the most popular operation way in clinical practicing. The incidence of complication of staged bilateral thalamotomy was high (100%). The rate of complication in the patients over 55 years old (29.70%) was higher than that in the patients not more than 55 years old (12.66%)( P
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The ultrastructure and AlP localization of the peritubular tissue of seminiferoustubules in man,rabbits,guinea pigs,rats and mice were observed.Usually,there are three layers of the cell which contains slender and branchcytoplasmic processes in human peritubular tissue.Cells of the inner most layerappear to have the characteristic of myoid cells.The outer layers looked the sameas fibroblasts.The myoid cells are frequently separated by wider intercellular spaces.AlP is localized in the basal lamina,innermost layer of collagenous fibrils zone,cytoplasm and inward plasma membrane of the myoid cells.The ultrastructure of the peritubular tissues of the four rodents are basicallythe same,there are only small differences among them.The myoid cells of rabbit andguinea pig are arranged in one layer and the ends of the adjacent cells may beoverlapped,which have a two-layers appearance.The myoid cells of rat and mouseform just one layer surrounding the tubule.The basal lamina in rabbit appears oneto two layers and in the other three rodents is only one layer.There are tightjunctions,open spaces of 100-200 (?) and wider intercellular spaces between theadjacent myoid cells in these four rodents.The AlP is localized in the basal lamina,inner non-cellular layer,cytoplasm and inward plasma membrane of the myoid cellsas well as endothelial cells of lymphatic sinusoid of all four rodents,but theowtward plasma membrane of myoid cells and outer non-cellular layer have theAlP only in guinea pig,rat,and mouse not in the rabbit.The physiological significance of the peritubular tissue and AlP enzymic sheathwere discussed.
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The scrota and testes of the rabbits were exposed to 2450 mHz microwave field and the temperature of scrotal skin was raised to 41-42℃ for 20 minutes. Ultrastructural observations on the peritubular tissue of ductus epididymides were studied at different intervals from 30 minutes to 4 months after the treatment, and alkaline phosphatase cytochemical changes were observed at intervals from 12 hours to 30 days. Pronounced morphological alterations of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of capillaries were detected within 30 minutes to I hour following exposure. After 24 hours to 3 days, the thickening of the peritubular tissue were noted. The thickening and infolding of the proper lamina were also prominent. The degenerative smooth muscle cells generally returned to normal appearance after 3-4 months, but the thickening of the peritubular tissue and infolding of the proper lamina still appeared. Alkaline phosphatase was localized in the basal lamina, proper lamina, the innermost smooth muscle cells cytoplasm and surface vesicles. There were no obvious alterations of alkaline phosphatase activity after 12 hours. After 15 days, the alkaline phosphatase prominently decreased, while after 30 days the alkaline phosphatase increased nearly to normal.
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This paper presents the ultrastructrual changes of male rats gonadotrophs at 7, 15, 30, 50 days after cadmium chloride (Cd) injection (2mg/kg). The differences of morphometric parameters of gonadotrophs and plasma value of FSH were revealed by statistics.The results showed that no injured alterations were found in gonadotrophs but appeared castration like features. These changes feature were most prominent after 15 days and then recovered to normal gradually. The main alterations of gonadotrophs were dilatation, and proliferation and decrease in the specific surface of RER as well as there were low density materials in the dilated cisterna. The numerical and volume density of large and small secretion granules were decreased greatly in all of the treatment groups. The variance of diameter of the large and small secretion granules were not conspicuous and the differences of volume and numerical density of the mitochondria among the control and treatment groups were also no significance. The hypertrophy of Golgi complex of the gonadotrophs were very obvious and the number of the gonadotrophs were increased in the Cd treated rats. The plasma value of FSH measurement indicated that the FSH level increased after 7days and the highest value appeared after 15 days. However, it did not return to normal after 50 days. These results suggested that gonadotrophs were not susceptible to Cd. The hypertraphy, hyperplasia and increase in synthesis and secretion of the gonadotrophs resulted from feedback by the effect of Cd induced injury on testes.
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The 2450 MHz microwave irradiation was applied to the scrotal area of the rabbit and the temperature of the scrotal skin was maintained to 41—42℃ for 20 minutes. Ultrastructural alterations of the mucosa and muscularis of the seminal vesicles were studied by transmission electron microscopy at different intervals from 1 hour to 45 days after treatment. Both the principal cells and the smooth muscle cells were sensitive to microwave irradiation. Ultrastructural changes were detected in a few principal cells and smooth muscle cells after 1 hour. Later, the degeneration became serious 3 to 7 days following exposure, but appeared to be alleviated after 45 days. The main alterations in principal cells were dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Gelgi complex, many myelin figures and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, swelling of microvilli and degeneration of nuclei. There were many vacuoles and myelin figures in the degenerative smooth muscle cells. Some basal cells also underwent degeneration. In addition, thickening and irregular infolding of the lamina propria were noted. The significance of the effects of microwave on the seminal vesicles was discussed.
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This paper presents the ultrastructural studies of the immediate and delayed effects of Cadmium (Cd) on rat testes and the protective effects of Zinc (Zn) on Cd induced injury. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups: 1) treatment with Cd (2mg/kg body weight); 2) treatment with Cd combined with Zn (80mg/kg body weight); and 3) the controls.The ultrastructural changes of some spermatids, spermatogonia primary spermatocytes and peritubular tissue were detected within 10—30 minutes after Cd treatment. The morphlogical alterations of spermatids and primary spermatocytes appeared first. However, after 1 hour, the changes of testicular capillaries were observed, and those of the Leydig cells were found within 2—4 hours. After 3—7 days, the seminiferous epitheium, peritubular tissue and interstitial tissue were totally necrosed. These results suggest that both seminiferous tubules and testicular capillaries are damaged directly by Cd treatment, but the ultrastructural alterations of the capillaries appear later than those of the seminiferous tubules. The protective effect of Zn on the testicular injury induced by Cd is prominent. However, this effect on the early spermatids is weaker than that on the other germ cells.