Effect of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in Combination with Lung Ultrasound on Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study in China / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) and lung ultrasound (LU) are increasingly being used in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FCU in combination with LU on these patients and to determine if the timing of ultrasound examination was associated with treatment change. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional observational study. Consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for enrollment. FCU and LU were performed within the first 24 h, and treatment change was proposed by the performer based on the ultrasound results and other clinical conditions. Results Among the 992 patients included, 502 were examined within 6 h of ICU admission (early phase group), and 490 were examined after 6 h of admission (later phase group). The early phase group and the later phase group had similar proportions of treatment change (48.8%

The current situation of the drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health centers:A case study of Anhui Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Genetic characteristics of Spermophilus in Shaanxi Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We studied the genetic characteristics of Spermophilus in Shaanxi Province,China.The COI,Cyt-b gene were sequenced and the results were compared with those of dauricus from Inner Mongolia Keyouzhong Banner and Zhengxiangbai Banner,and S.alaschanicus from Haiyuan County of Ningxia.And genetic distance was analyzed and Neighbor-Joining tree was built.Results showed that the genetic distance of COI gene sequences between Spermophilus from Dingbian County in Shaanxi and S.alaschanicus in Ningxia was ≤0.5％,and the genetic distance was ranged from 7.9％ to 9.3％ with Citellus dauricus from Inner Mongolia.The genetic distance of Cyt-b gene between Spermophilus from Dingbian County in Shaanxi and S.alaschanicus in Ningxia was ≤2.2％,and ranged from 8.9％ to 11.2％ with Citellus dauricus from Inner Mongolia.The Neighbor-Joining tree of COI,Cyt-b gene showed two major clusters.One of them were clustered by Spermophilus from Dingbian County in Shaanxi and S.alaschanicus in Ningxia,and another one was Citellus dauricus from Inner Mongolia.The Neighbor-Joining tree of COI gene showed that all samples from Shaanxi Province clustered in a group.In conclusion,the Spermophilus in Shaanxi Province were S.alaschanicus.

Adaptive regularized super-resolution reconstruction for magnetic resonance images / 南方医科大学学报

To increase the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of magnetic resonance (MR) images, an adaptively regularized super-resolution reconstruction algorithm was proposed and applied to acquire high resolution MR images from 4 subpixel-shifted low resolution images on the same anatomical slice. The new regularization parameter, which allowed the cost function of the new algorithm to be locally convex within the definition region, was introduced by the piori information to enhance detail restoration of the image with a high frequency. The experiment results proved that the proposed algorithm was superior to other counterparts in achieving the reconstruction of low-resolution MR images.

Endoscopic intraluminal closure of colon perforation with metal clip: a study in porcine model / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic intraluminal closure of small colon perforation with metal clips in porcine model.Methods A 2 cm full-thickness colon perforation was made in 4 bama mini-pigs.One did not receive local closure as a control, while 3 others underwent closure with bi-and tri-arm clips, one of which received additional fibrin glue injection after closure.Necropsy was done on day 14 after the procedure, and dye leak test, peritoneal fluid bacteria culture and histological examination were performed.During the 2 week observation period, the body temperature and blood leukocytes count were recorded and compared.Results Endoscopic closure of the colon perforation was technically successful in all 3 pigs.The body temperature and blood leukocyte count of these pigs were both lower than those of the control.Necropsy showed that the perforation in control pig was not completely closed and with multiple adhesions around.Perforation complete closure and pathological healing without adhesion were observed in 2 pigs with clip closure only, while adhesion and incomplete pathological healing was detected in the other one with clip closure plus fibrinogen injection (P＜0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic intraluminal closure of a 2 cm colon perforation with metal clips is feasible and safe, while further study is needed to evaluate the effect of combined local fibrinogen injection.

Potential mechanisms involved in ceramide-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer HT29 cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the potential mechanisms of cell death after the treatment with ceramide.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay, DNA ladder, reporter assay, FACS and Western blot assay were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms of cell death after the treatment with C2-ceramide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A short-time treatment with C2-ceramide induced cell death, which was associated with p38 MAP kinase activation, but had no links with typical caspase activation or PARP degradation. Rather than caspase inhibitor, Inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase blocked cell death induced by a short-time treatment with ceramide (<12 h). However, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase could not block cell death induced by a prolonged treatment with ceramide (>12 h). Moreover, incubation of cells with ceramide for a long time (>12 h) increased subG1, but reduced S phase accompanied by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent changes including NFkappaB activation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ceramide-induced cell apoptosis involves both caspase-dependent and -independent signaling pathway. Caspase-independent cell death occurring in a relatively early stage, which is mediated via p38 MAP kinase, can progress into a stage involving both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms accompanied by cell signaling of MAPKs and NFkappaB.</p>

Adaptive super resolution algorithm for under-sampled images / 南方医科大学学报

A new algorithm of adaptive super-resolution (SR) reconstruction based on the regularization parameter is proposed to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from the low-resolution (LR) image sequence, which takes into full account the inaccurate estimates of motion error, point spread function (PSF) and the additive Gaussian noise in the LR image sequence. We established a novel nonlinear adaptive regularization function and analyzed experimentally its convexity to obtain the adaptive step size. This novel algorithm can effectively improve the spatial resolution of the image and the rate of convergence, which is verified by the experiment on optical images.

Treatment of non-biliary severe acute pancreatitis by endoscopic sphincterotomy / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To investigate the role of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD)in the treatment of non-biliary severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods 73 patients were randomly divided into the endoscopic treatment group(35 cases)and control group(38 cases).The patients in control group received non-surgical treatment.EST plus ENBD were performed in patients in the endoscopic treatment group 72h within hospitalization.Serum levels of amylase before EST and 1d,3 d,7 d after EST were measured;the ease of pain and recovery of bowel function were documented;the mortality rate,complication rate,surgery rote and hospital stay were also observed.Results The successful cannulation rate in the EST group was 94.3%(33/35),and there was no procedure related complication.Serum levels of amylase before EST and 1d,3 d,7 d after EST were(1376±131)U/L,(675±49)U/L,(238±49)U/L,(75±13)U/L,the serum levels of amylase before EST and 1d after EST in the EST group were not significantly different from those in the control group,but the corresponding values at 3 d,7 d were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01).The apparent effective rate and total effective rate of pain relief was 37.1%and 48.6%.which was significantly higher than those in the control group (26.3%and 28.9%,P＜0.05).There was no mortality in both groups.The complication rate in the EST group within 30 d was 14.3%,which was signiilcanfly higher than that in the control group(44.7%,P＜0.01).The gurgery rate in EST group was 2.86%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group (21.1%,P＜0.05).The hospital stay in EST group was(27.6±4.0)d,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group[(41.7±5.9)d,P＜0.05].Conclusions EST and ENBD treatment for non-biliary SAP was superior to non-surgical treatment within 72 h of symptom onset with excellent safety and feasibility profile.

Endoscopic treatment of biliary duct damage / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To explore for the methede and effect of endoscopic treatment on biliary leakage and biliary duct damage. Methods All patients with biliary damage such as biliary leakage and biliary duct stricture were treated by endoscopic sphincoterotomy and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) during abdominal cavity drainage ENBD was removd when biliary leakage healed and abdominal cavity drainage ceased for 1～2 weeks were confirmed. Plastic stents were implanted to distend the biliary duct stricture for 2-3 months. Results Twenty-six patients with biliary leakage were cured 3-4 weeks after ENBD. Fourteen out of 17 patients implanted with plastic stent were recovered uneventfully after stent removed, and 4 patients also recovered after installation of double-stents for 3 months, while another case with calculus and stricture of left hepatic duct in spite of implantation of simple-stent suffered repeatedly from biliary tract infection and one case developed hepatic abscess after repeatedly infection for one year before he had the hepatic lobectomy. Conclution Endoscopic therapy is the first choice in treating biliary leakage or secondary duct stricture.

Study on the relationship between genesis and development of cervical cancer and the infection of human papillomavirus type 16/18, human herpesvirus II and cytomegalovirus / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between genesis and the development of cervical cancer and infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18, human herpesvirus II (HSV- II) and cytomegalovirus(CMV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different viruses were determined by polymerase chain reaction in 156 specimens of uterine including cervix 43 cervical cancer specimens,47 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) specimens, 56 cervicitis specimens and 10 normal cervix specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Positive rates on different viruses: the positive rates of HSV- II, HPV16/18 and CMV were declining in the cervical cancer specimens, CIN specimens or CIN III specimens and CIN I - II specimens, with significant differences. (2)Positive rate and grading, staging and histogenesis of cervical cancer on different viruses as well as positive rates of HPV16/18 in II staging cervical cancer specimens were significantly higher than that in I staging cervical cancer specimens while positive rates of HPV16/18 and HSV- II in high differentiation of cervical cancer specimens were significantly higher than those with medium differentiation from cervical cancer specimens. Positive rates of CMV did not seem to correlate with positive rate of HSV- II and CMV was not correlated to grading, staging or histogenesis of cervical cancer. (3)Copies of infected virus, HSV-II and HPV16/18 showing cervical cancer>CIN> cervicitis while with CMV:cervical cancer>CIN. (4) There were mixed infections of different viruses as HPV16/18 + HSV- II > HPV16/18 + CMV seen in the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV 16/18, HSV- II and CMV infection were closely related to the genesis of cervical cancer and quantity of viruses which might have played an important role in carcinogenesis of cervical lesions.</p>

The Experiences of 416 cases of Difficult Papillosphincterectomy Using Needle-knife / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore skills and values of needle-knife in difficult papillosphincterotomy.Methods 222 cases underwent needle-like fenestration(NKF),and other 194 cases directly underwent needle-knife papillotomy(NKP) using needle-knife.Results The success rate of operation in the NKF Group and NKP Group was 75.2%(167/222) and 97.9%(190/194) respectively,with total success rate 85.8%(357/416).Infections of biliary tract occurred in 5 cases(1.2%) after operation,in which 3 cases were treated by surgical biliary tract drainage,2 cases were placed drainage tubes under endoscope once again and administrated antibiotics for controlling infection.Pancreatitis occurred in 24 cases(5.8%) postoperatively,in which 1 case of acute severe pancreatitis was cured with abdominal paracentesis drainage in 3 sites,other 23 cases were given medical conservative treatment.1 cases had massive bleeding of incision and was cured by injecting sclerosing agent under endoscope.Conclusions Using niddle-knife can make papillotomy successful in most of standard EST or pre-cut failure.The success rate of NKP is significantly higher than that of NKF,and re-NKP can improve the success rate without increasing severe complications and death mortality,but NKP should be restricted to duodenal hypo-papilla and stenotic terminal of common bile duct.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and delayed surgery for infant hepatoblastoma / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and delayed surgery for infant hepatoblastoma.Methods TACE was performed with the initial digital subtractive angiography (DSA) under general anesthesia 1-3 times in 8 infants with huge hepatoblastoma, whose age was 2 to 12 months. DSA was done via arterials in hepatoblastoma each time before chemoembolization. The arterials were perfused with chemodrugs and suspensions in ultrasome iodized oil , and were blocked with spring rings. DSA findings indicated that the tumor shrank without new tumorous arterials after 1 month in 6 cases, and 4 of them showed no tumorous staining, and the delayed surgery was performed successfully 1 week later in 6 infants. One boy underwent systemic chemotherapy alone during 6 months after 3 times of TACE. Results TACE therapy did not encounter any major technical problem or toxic reaction caused by chemotherapy. The following DSA test 4 weeks later did not detect any new tumorous vessels in 6 cases. Six children received TACE and surgery had been followed-up with no tumor recurrence for months averagely. The boy underwent TACE and venous chemotherapy for 6 months , without surgery , had been followed-up for 48 months until the present report. CT, AFP and DSA did not show any hints of tumor recurrence. Six cases receiving 3 times TACE combined with surgery survived without tumor recurrence. Conclusions TACE is a very effective, safe and helpful therapy for hepatoblastoma, which stressed the repeated use of spring ring to block tumor vessels lastingly if necessary. If surgery is required, DSA test is needed beforehand to detect new tumorous vessels or neoplasm. If there is any , TACE is repeated. TACE combined with surgery may provide an additional promising choice in the treatment of hepatoblastoma, and repeated TACE alone may cure hepatoblastoma in infants.

Study on the correlation between the different papillomavirus type and telomerase in cervical cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To define a correlation between different human papillomavirus (HPV) types and telomerase activity in cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Telomerase activity was detected by TRAP-PCR, and different HPV type was determined by PCR in 83 cervical cancer, 47 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 10 normal cervix cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With regard to positive rates of telomerase and HPV 16/18: the results were cervical cancer > CIN > normal cervix, CIN III > CIN I, II; with regard to HPV 6/11 positive rate: the results showed CIN I, II > CIN III. Positive rates of telomerase cervical cancer and HPV were bearing on grading and staging, but they did not correlate with histologic subtypes. Positive rate of HPV 6/11 had nothing to do with grading, staging and histologic patterns. On expression strength of telomerase and HPV 16/18: the results showed cervical cancer > CIN, CIN III > CIN I, II. Regard to HPV 6/11'expression strength: the results showed CIN I, II > CIN III, CIN > cervical carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV 16/18 infection seemed to have played an important role in carcinogenesis of cervical lesions by activation of telomerase.</p>

Inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes on drug resistance and its mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.

Eexpression of Foxp3 and CD4~+CD_(25)~+ Regulation T Cells in Children with Acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the amount of CD4+CD_(25)~+ regulation T cells(Tr cells) and the expression of Foxp3 in peripheral blood in children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(AITP),and analyze the relationship between CD4+CD_(25)~+ Tr cells and the immunopathogenesis of AITP.Methods CD4+CD_(25)~+ Tr cells were detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from AITP children and health children.Besides,related cytokine in peripheral blood were assigned by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of Foxp3 were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results CD4+CD_(25)~+ Tr cells decreased obviously in peripheral blood in children compared with that of control group [(2.83?1.05)% vs (5.07?0.59)%,P

Effect of total flavonoids of turpinia arguta seen on immune function in adjuvant arthritis rats in vitro / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of the total flavonoids of turpinia arguta seen (TFS) on immune function of rats with adjuvant arthritis. Methods Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced on d0 by intradermal injection of Complete Freund′s Adjuvant (FCA), containing 10 mg heat-inactive BCG in 1ml paraffin oil. On d 28 after immunization, AA rats were killed by cervical decollation. Immune cells (splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages) were obtained, then cultured in vitro with TFS. Some immune indexes were detected respectively such as the splenocytes proliferation and the productions of IL-1 and IL-2 were measured by the method of cell proliferation, the production of prostaglandin E2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with normal groups, the response of splenocytes to ConA and LPS was lowered, IL-2 syn-thesis was decreased, and IL-1 and PGE_2 released from PM? were elevated. TFS (10~ -8 ~10~ -4 mg?L~ -1 ) not only increased splenocytes proliferation, which induced by ConA and LPS, and IL-2 production of splenocytes, but also reduced the elevated productions of IL-1 and PGE_2 released from peritoned macrophate in AA rats in vitro. Conculsion TFS could adjust abnormal immune function in AA rats.

Interactions between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin / 中国药理学通报

Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhi bi tors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease.The s afety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interac tions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate,with conflicting conclusions havin g been reported in the literature.We reviewed systematically available literatu re on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hyper- tension,acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.