Research advances on mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in promoting angiogenesis of diabetic ulcers / 中华烧伤杂志

Extracellular vesicles are nanoparticles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and play important roles in material transport and information transmission between cells, involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, antigen presentation, cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, and other biological processes. The culture supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells is rich in extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular vesicles can regulate the formation of new blood vessels, a key step in wound healing and tissue repair. The persistence of diabetic ulcers is closely related to the blocked formation of wound vascular network. This article reviews the role of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in promoting angiogenesis of diabetic ulcers, in order to provide a new idea for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.

CaMKIIα-positive excitatory hippocampal neurons mediate "Zusanli" (ST36) electroacupuncture induced increase of gastric function in mice / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST36)on gastric function (food consumption and gastric emptying rate) and excitability of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons in mice, so as to explore its mechanism underlying enhancing gastrointestinal function. METHODS: The present study includes 2 parts. 1) C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal and EA groups (n=12 in each group). EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 1-3 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. In each group, 6 mice were used to measure the food consumption and gastric emptying rate, and the other 6 mice used to detect the hippocampal glutamate secretion content by using in vivo microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography. 2) Thirty CaMKIIα-Cre mice received microinjection of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector containing inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD, AAV-DIO-hM4Di-eYFP) into the hippocampus. Twenty-one days later, 3 mice were selected to observe the expression of eYFP-labeled hM4Di by immunohistochemistry, and 15 mice employed to observe the electrical activities of hM4Di-eYFP positive neurons exposed in chemogenetic activating drug Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) perfusion conditions (n=3) and without CNO in the recording chamber (n=6 in the control and EA groups) by using whole cell patch clamp. The rest 12 CaMKII-Cre mice were equally randomized into AAV-DIO-hM4Di-eYFP+CNO group and AAV-DIO-hM4Di-eYFP+CNO+EA group, and CNO was given by intraperitoneal injection for observing the effect of EA on gastric function. RESULTS: 1) In C57BL/6 mice, compared with the normal group, the food consumption, gastric emptying rate, and the glutamate content in the hippocampus were obviously increased in the EA group (P0.05), suggesting an elimination of EA effect after acute DREADD-mediated activation of the CaMKIIα-positive hippocampal excitatory neurons. CONCLUSION: EA at ST36 can promote food intake and gastric emptying in normal mice but not in CaMKIIα-Cre mice with activated hippocampal hM4Di receptors，suggesting a contribution of the CaMKIIα-positive hippocampal excitatory neurons (glutamatergic neurons in particular) to the enhanced gastrointestinal function of EA at ST36.

A study on identification of edible bird's nests by DNA barcodes / 中国中药杂志

To provide theoretical basis for the traceability and quality evaluation of edible bird's nests (EBNs), the Cytb sequence was applied to identify the origin of EBNs. A total of 39 experiment samples were collected from Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Genomic DNA was extracted for the PCR reaction. The amplified products were sequenced. 36 sequences were downloaded from Gen Bank including edible nest swiftlet, black nest swiftlet, mascarene swiftlet, pacific swiftlet and germain's swiftlet. MEGA 7.0 was used to analyze the distinction of sequences by the method of calculating the distances in intraspecific and interspecific divergences and constructing NJ and UPMGA phylogenetic tree based on Kimera-2-parameter model. The results showed that 39 samples were from three kinds of EBNs. Interspecific divergences were significantly greater than the intraspecific one. Samples could be successfully distinguished by NJ and UPMGA phylogenetic tree. In conclusion, Cytb sequence could be used to distinguish the origin of EBNs and it is efficient for tracing the origin species of EBNs.

Six to Ten Years Follow-Up Survey of Triancinolone Acetonide Therapy in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the long term effects of triancinolone acetonide(T-A)as a substitution for prednisone,a maintenance therapy in treating children with nephrotic syndrome(NS).Methods Twenty-five children with idiopathic NS(10 children with simple type NS and 15 children with nephritic type NS).Prednisone treatment for 4-8 weeks would bring remission,and immunosupression was added if remission failed.Then oral prednisone was reduced to 2 mg/kg per alternate day for 2 weeks,followed by a small dose of T-A(0.5-1.0 mg/kg)intramuscular injection,once a year per month for the first year,and every other month for the second year,as for the 8 frequently relapse cases,it would be every 3 months for the third year,other 17 cases stopped T-A intramuscular injection in the third year.Two weeks after T-A treatment stopped using prednisone.The relapse and the side-effects was observed through the observation of 25 NS children's clinical manifestation,routine urine test,and biochemistry variation before and during the T-A treatment,along with a 6 to 10 years follow-up survey after T-A therapy stopped.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 10.0 software.Results 1.Median dose of T-A was 0.97 mg/kg per time,total doses of T-A was 18.1 mg/kg(13.5-24.4 mg/kg).2.There were 16 relapse cases by prednisone treatment,while 7 relapse cases by T-A treatment for 2 years,there existed a significant comparison(P0.05).4.There were only 4 relapsed cases in the 6-10 years of follow-up observation,the difference was sharp compared with the 16 relapsed cases before T-A treatment(P