Understanding the planes of total mesorectal excision through surgical anatomy of pelvic fascia / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship of mesorectum with fasciae and nerves in the pelvic cavity and to specify the proper planes of dissection in total mesorectal excision.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four pelvises (12 males and 12 females) harvested from cadavers were studied by dissection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were three planes surrounding the rectum as the visceral fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia. The pelvic plexus and its branches situated between the visceral fascia and the vesicohypogastric fascia. Pelvic splanchnic nerves and hypogastric nerves were observed between the visceral fascia and the parietal fascia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The posterior plane of total mesorectal excision lies between the visceral fascia and the parietal fascia. The lateral dissection should be conducted in a plane between the visceral fascia and the vesicohypogastric fascia. The proper planes for posterior and lateral resection can be identified by the hypogastric nerve and the pelvic plexus respectively.</p>

Oxidative stress and diabetic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus can cause oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated ED by acting on blood vessel endothelia, peripheral nerves and smooth muscles and inducing cell apoptosis. Recent progress in the researches on the correlation of oxidative stress with diabetic ED is briefly reviewed in this article.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced cerebral inflammatory damage and the therapeutic effect of platelet activating factor receptor antagonist / 神经科学通报·英文版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute cerebral inflammatory damage and the therapeutic effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group): Control group, Model group and Treatment group (treated with BN52021). LPS were injected into the fourth ventricle of rat to make a neuroinflammatory murine model. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats; changes of synapse number and subcellular ultrastructures were observed under a transmission electron microscope; OX-42 positive microglia in the brain was detected by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average escape latency in the Treatment group were significantly shortened than that in the Model group; and the percentage of swimming distance traveled in platform quadrant accounting for total distance increased markedly. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes in the Treatment group were more than that in the Model group, but the number of synapses seemed to have no obvious change. The number of OX-42 positive microglia in the Treatment group decreased markedly than that in the Model group, and the grey density of OX-42-positive cells increased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS can induce inflammatory damages to the brain, but the damage could be antagonized by BN52021. Platelet activating factor receptor antagonist may offer an effective therapy for neurodegeneration diseases.</p>

Correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the nerve system and erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the nerve system of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DM rats were induced by injecting streptozotocin and erectile function test was done by injecting apomorphine (APO) at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. Then the brain, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate were taken from the diabetic and normal rats of the same age. The BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers were shown by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The number and the grey density of BDNF positive cells and fibers were detected by image analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the erection frequency of the DM rats decreased at 2 months (P <0. 05) , and significantly at 3 and 4 months (P > 0.01) , and the BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate of 1-month DM rats were reduced (P <0. 05). As time went on, BDNF declined progressively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BDNF decreases in the central and peripheral nerve system in the early stage of diabetes mellitus, wich is closely correlated with diabetic ED.</p>