Preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodiumorally in extraction of impacted teeth / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodium orally, which was a kind of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, in extractions of mandibular impacted third teeth.@*METHODS@#There were questionnaires about postoperative pain for patients whose mandibular impacted third teeth were extracted from July 2017 to August 2017 in First Clinical Division of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All the patients did their routine clinical examinations and imaging examinations. After their mandibular impacted third teeth were extracted, the questionnaires were sent to them. The questionnaires were filled in by the patients on their own and returned one week later. There were 120 questionnaires that were sent and 105 questionnaires returned, of which 98 questionnaires were filled in completely. According to the inclusive criteria and exclusion criteria, 66 questionnaires were totally selected in this study. According to the time when the patients took their loxoprofen sodium orally firstly, the patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group was for patients who didn't take loxoprofen sodium during their extractions (non-medicine group). The second group was for patients who took 60 mg loxoprofen sodium 30 min before their extractions (preoperative group). The third group was for patients who took 60 mg loxoprofen sodium 30 min after their extractions (postoperative group). The operation time among the 3 groups was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis method. The postoperative time points were 2, 4, 12,24 and 48 h after operation. The scores of visual analogue scales (VAS) for postoperative pain in each group at different postoperative time points were analyzed by Friedman method. At each postoperative time point, VAS scores in the different groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis me-thod. The numbers of the patients taking loxoprofen sodium home and drug adverse reactions were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The operation time of the 3 groups was 15.0 (5.0,30.0) min and had no significant differences (P=0.848).VAS scores of non-medicine group 2,4, 12,24 and 48 h after operation were 1.75 (0.1,10.0), 6.25 (1.5,10.0), 2.00 (0.1,8.0), 2.00 (0.1,6.0) and 0.5 (0.1,5.5) separately and had significant differences (P<0.001).The VAS score at 4 h after operation was higher than the VAS scores at other time points after operation (P<0.005). Four hours after the operations, the VAS scores of preoperative group [2.0 (0.1,10.0)] and postoperative group [2.0 (0.1,5.0)] were lower significantly than those of non-medicine group [6.25 (1.5,10.0)] (P<0.001).The numbers of the patients taking loxoprofen sodium home were 9(40.9%) in non-medicine group,5(21.8%) in preoperative group and 7(33.3%) in postoperative group. The number of the patients who had drug adverse reactions in preoperative group (n=3,13.0%) and in postoperative group (n=4,19.0%) was less than the number of the patients who had drug adverse reactions in non-medicine group (n=8,36.4%).@*CONCLUSION@#There were two protocols of preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodium orally in extractions of mandibular impacted third teeth, which were taking 60 mg loxoprofen sodium orally 30 min before the extractions and taking 60 mg loxoprofen sodium orally 30 min after the extractions. Both of the two preemptive analgesia protocols could decrease the postoperative pain significantly.

Retrospective analysis of early dental implant failure / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the risk factors of early dental implant failure,treatment and prognosis.@*METHODS@#Cases of dental implants in the first clinical division from January 2000 to December 2016 were selected according to inclusion criteria. The differences of gender,age,smoking,location of implants, healing abutments and bone graft were compared between early failed implants and success implants. The general conditions of early failure patients, the early failure occurrence time, treatment and prognosis were recorded. Statistical methods were χ2 test and descriptive analysis, P<0.05 had statistical significance. Statistical analysis software was IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0.@*RESULTS@#There were 36 patients with 36 early failed implants and 4 381 patients with 6 564 success implants. The rate of early dental implant failure was 0.8% at individual level and 0.5% at implant level. There was no significant difference in gender between the failed implants and success implants (P=0.692). The failure rate of the patients ≥40 years old (1.0%) was higher significantly than that of the patients <40 years old(0.4%, P=0.033). The failure rate of smokers (1.3%) was higher significantly than that of non-smokers(0.3%,P<0.01). There was no significant difference of early failure among four implant locations, which were anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandibular and posterior mandibula (P=0.709). The early failure of implants with bone graft and healing abutments at the same time (1.1%) was significantly higher than that of the implants with bone and healing abutments separately (0.5%, P=0.039). Ten patents with early failed implants had general diseases, including 5 patients with diabetes, 3 with hypertension and 2 with coronary heart disease. All the patients with general diseases were controlled well. The median of early failure occurrence time was 30.5 after implant operations. 83.3% early failure implants was found by dentists at re-examinations. All of the early failure implants were removed when they were found failed. Twenty-six early failure implant sites were inserted with implants again, of which 23 implants were successful.@*CONCLUSION@#The early dental implant failure was possible to occur in one month after implants inserting. The possible risk factors were age≥40 years old, smoking and using bone graft and healing abutments at the same time. Most early dental implant failure was found by dentists at re-examinations. The implants should be removed when the early dental implant failure was found, which didn't influence the later implantation.

A pilot study on hypoxia of squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the extent of hypoxia in oral squamous cell carcinoma and investigate the factors related to the hypoxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An animal model of oral squamous cell carcinoma was established and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-HL91 used to detect the hypoxia extent of the oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 42 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embed squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The uptake of 99mTc-HL91 in the tumor tissue was higher than that in normal tissue and had linear relation with the tumor size (P < 0.05). There was no HIF-1alpha expression in the normal oral mucosa. The expression of HIF-1alpha was high in oral mucosa carcinoma and closely related to the differentiation degree of tumor and metastasis of lymph node (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tumor tissue had broad hypoxic region. HIF-1alpha highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and may play an important role in carcinogenesis and aggression.</p>