A new method of anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction: Arthroscopically artificial ligament reconstruction with tensional remnant-repair / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To investigate the clinical effects of arthroscopically artificial ligament reconstruction with tensional remnant-repair in patients who are obese, and/or with demand for highly intensive sports, and/or with poor-quality ligament remnants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective case series study was performed on patients treated by arthroscopically anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) reconstruction with tensional remnant repair technique from January 2019 to August 2021. General data, including demographics, surgical time, and postoperative adverse events, were recorded. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS), foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM), visual analog scale (VAS), and anterior talar translation were measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively. Ultrasonography examination was performed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively to evaluate the ATFL. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. F test was used to analyze the pre- and postoperative VAS, FAAM, and AOFAS scores. The significance was set at p < 0.05.@*RESULTS@#There were 20 males and 10 females among the patients with a mean age of (30.71 ± 5.81) years. The average surgical time was (40.21 ± 8.59) min. No adverse events were observed after surgery. At 2 years postoperatively, the anterior talar translation test showed grade 0 laxity in all patients. VAS score significantly decreased from preoperatively to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively (p < 0.001). Improvement of FAAM score and the AOFAS score from preoperatively to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively was statistically significant (p < 0.001). At 3 months postoperatively, most patients (23/30) could return to their pre-injured activities of daily living status. At 2 years postoperatively, all patients were able to return to their pre-injured activities of daily living status, and almost every patient (18/19) who expected highly intensive sports returned to sports with only 1 obese patient failing to achieve the goal. The ultrasonography examination at 2 years postoperatively showed that there was a linear band structure of soft tissue on the tension-rich fiber tape image from the fibular to the talar attachment sits of ATFL.@*CONCLUSION@#The novel arthroscopically artificial ligament reconstruction with tensional remnant-repair technique for ATFL achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes in the short and medium term after operation, and allowed early return to pre-injured activities, which could be a reliable option for patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.

Rehabilitation of vision disorder and improved quality of life in patients with primary open angle glaucoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a common cause of irreversible blindness. The variable etiology of POAG poses significant challenges for treatment and rehabilitation. We analyzed a large POAG patient cohort during treatment to reveal possible causes of vision disorder, assess vision-related quality of life (VRQL), and to evaluate the efficacy of rehabilitative treatments.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the visional disturbances in 500 POAG patients (890 eyes) by regular ophthalmic examination and visual field examination using Humphrey 30° perimetry. Appropriate rehabilitative treatments for POAG were prescribed based on results of clinical examination and included correction of ametropia, health education, counseling, and the fitting of typoscopes. VRQL was assessed before and after treatment by a VRQL self-assessment questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Scores on the VRQL self-assessment were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. The primary cause of the vision disturbances was ametropia (97.99%), and 51.61% of the ametropia eyes had not received appropriate correction. The secondary causes of visual impairment were glaucomatous neurodegeneration (26.29%), complicated cataract, or other accompanying eye diseases. The causes of the clinical low vision (44 patients) were glaucomatous neurodegeneration (32 eyes), fundus diseases (23 eyes), keratopathy (11 eyes), and other eye diseases (10 eyes). The VRQL scores of patients improved significantly after rehabilitation and the correction of ametropia (P < 0.01). Twenty-five patients with low vision were provided with typoscopes, and 21 (84%) experienced significant functional recovery, while the remaining low vision patients could see letter lines two or more levels lower (smaller) on visual charts in a near vision test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vision disorders in POAG patients are common and severe. Appropriate rehabilitation, especially the correction of ametropia, can significantly improve VRQL as revealed by the self-assessment of POAG patients.</p>

Evaluation of the myocardial systolic function and ventricular remodeling of rats with experimental myocardial infarction by strain/strain rate imaging and MMP-9 / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the myocardial systolic function and ventricular remodeling in heart failure rat induced by myocardial infarction (MI) with S/SRI and MMP-9.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 70 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: 4 weeks and 8 weeks MI (anterior descending branch of left coronary artery were ligated), sham operation (thoracotomy without ligation of coronary artery) and non-operated control group. The regional myocardial systolic function of rats was quantified with S/SRI. The myocardial MMP-9 expression was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 4 weeks MI group, all segment's Ssys, SRsys, the strain of end-systole were reduced while PSI was increased compared to sham and non-operated group with the exception of the inferior wall. These changes were more significant in 8 weeks MI group compared to the 4 weeks MI group. In the 4 weeks MI group, the expression of MMP-9 was significantly upregulated than the sham operation group and this upregulation was more significant at 8 weeks post MI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>S/SRI can quantitative evaluate the regional systolic function of heart failure rat induced by myocardial infarction. Progressive upregulation of myocardial MMP-9 expression paralleled the deterioration of regional systolic function in this heart failure rat model.</p>

Effect of adenovirus-mediated TK/GCV gene therapy in combination with TNF-alpha against murine bladder cancer cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cell-killing effect of adenovirus-mediated TK-ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) against murine bladder carcinoma cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Murine bladder carcinoma MB49 cells were transfected with the adenoviral vector containing TK gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The transfection efficiency was observed and the TK gene expression in the transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR. The survival rate of MB49 cells in response to TNF-alpha treatment and that of the TK gene-transfected cells after treatment with GCV and GCV+TNF-alpha were determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis of the cells after the treatments was analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In cells transfected with TK gene, the cell inhibition rate increased gradually with the increment of GCV and TNF-alpha concentration. GCV in combination with TNF-alpha resulted in significantly increased killing efficiency of the cells as compared with GCV or TNF-alpha treatment alone, and the effect of the combined treatment was enhanced as the TNF-alpha concentration increased. GCV treatment (50 microg/ml) alone produced a cell killing rate of (24.39-/+1.10)%, and when combined with 5 microg/ml TNF-alpha, the rate was increased to (40.05-/+0.97) %, and further to (65.47-/+0.67) % when TNF-alpha concentration increased to 20 microg/ml. Flow cytometry revealed obvious apoptosis of the cells 8 h after treatments with TK/GCV, TNF-alpha, or TK/GCV+TNF-alpha, and the combined treatment resulted in the highest cell apoptotic rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TK/GCV in combination with TNF-alpha can enhance the effect of suicide gene therapy against murine bladder carcinoma cells and effectively induce apoptosis of the cells.</p>

Contrast enhanced power Doppler in evaluating the angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the role of contrast enhanced power Doppler in evaluating tumor angiogenetic activity.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analysed. Flow signals of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed by power Doppler imaging after the injection of contrast agent, and then the relative perfusion rate and blood flow were assessed. The microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were assessed by immunohistochemical method. The relationship between the relative perfusion rate,blood flow, MVD,VEGF was studied.@*RESULTS@#The relative perfusion rate in the tissues with positive expression of VEGF was significantly higher than that in the tissues with negative expression of VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma. There was correlation between the relative perfusion rate, blood flow grade and MVD(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF was positively related to the relative perfusion rate and blood flow grade(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Contrast enhanced power Doppler is useful in evaluating the tumor angiogenetic activity.

Lethal effect of adenovirus-mediated HSV-TK gene in combination with hydroxycamptothecin on human bladder cancer in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the lethal effect of adenovirus-mediated HSV-TK-ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy in combination with hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) on hunman bladder carcinoma cell line T-24 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human bladder carcinoma cell line T-24 was transfected with adenovirus expression vector containing TK gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, and the transfection efficiency was observed and TK expression detected by PCR. After successful cell transfection indicated by GFP expression, GCV and hydroxycamptothecin are respectively added into the cell culture with normal T-24 cells serving as the blank control group. The growth inhibition rate of hunman bladder carcinoma cells in response to HCPT treatment for 72 h and the cell survival rate of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfection with different protocols were observed by MTT assay. The apoptosis of the cells treated with GCV (0.5 mg/ml)+HCPT (10 mg/L) for 4 h was observed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell inhibition rate increased gradually with increment of HCPT concentration, from 14% at HCPT concentration of 0.01 mg/L to 60% at 50 mg/L, but for a concentration above 100 mg/L, the inhibition rate did not exhibit further increase (P=0.216). GCV alone and GCV in combination with HCPT both resulted in significantly decreased survival rate of human bladder carcinoma cells (P=0.00), and the killing efficiency of the cells by GCV+HCPT protocol increased obviously with increment of HCPT concentration and prolongation of the action time. The cells treated with 0.5 mg/ml GCV alone for 72 h retained a cell survival rate of 34.6%, which was lowered to only 8.07% with combined treatment with GCV (0.5mg/ml) and HCPT (10 mg/L). Typical apoptotic peak before M1 phase of the cells appeared 4 h after treatment with GCV+10 mg/ml HCPT, which resulted in a apoptosis rate of 52.93%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HSV-TK/GCV in combination with HCPT can enhance the lethal effect of suicide gene therapy against human bladder carcinoma cells and effectively induce apoptosis of the cells.</p>

Toxic effects of CD-TK double suicidal gene system against prostate carcinoma cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the toxic effects of the CD-TK fusion gene systems against prostate carcinoma cell line RM-1 for assessing the value of suicidal gene therapy for prostate carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD-TK fusion gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were transfected into RM-1 cells through adenovirus vectors. RT-PCR was used to demonstrate successful transfection and transcription of the suicidal genes. The toxic effects of 5-FC and GCV used alone or in combination on the transfected cells were observed by MTT assay, with the non-transfected RM-1 cells serving as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cytotoxic activity of CD/5-FC and TK/GCV systems against RM-1 cells was observed, and combined treatment with the two drugs resulted in significantly lowered survival of CD-TK-expressing cells (P<0.05). After exposure to 5-FC and GCV for 72 h, the survival rate of the transfected cells decreased to 71.56% and 47.27%, respectively, and their combined use resulted in a survival rate as low as 18.46%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD-TK fusion double suicidal gene system can produce significantly stronger toxic effect against RM-1 cells in vitro than either of suicidal genes.</p>

Detecting the changes of cerebrovascular reserve capacity with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in patients with unilateral high-grade carotid stenosis before and after angioplasty and stenting / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the changes of cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with symptomatic unilateral high-grade carotid stenosis before and after angioplasty and stenting (CAS). Methods: The cerebrovascular reserve capability was evaluated with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography for hypercapnia induced by breath holding, which affected the blood velocity in middle cerebral artery. The breath-holding index (BHI) in 15 symptomatic patients with unilateral severe carotid stenosis and 15 asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis and 10 normal controls were compared, and the changes of the BHI in 15 symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis before and after CAS were compared and analyzed. Results: The BHI of the stenotic side in symptomatic patients with unilateral carotid stenosis (0.5 ± 0.2) was significantly lower than that in asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis (0.9 ± 0.3, P 0.05). The BHI of the stenotic side in symptomatic patients with unilateral carotid stenosis improved significantly after CAS (1.1 ± 0.2, P 0.05). Conclusion: The significantly impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity on the stenotic side in symptomatic patients with unilateral high-grade carotid stenosis was significantly improved after CAS.

Comparison of ultrasound-guided mammotome and Tru-cut biopsy needle in diagnosing breast masses / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided mammotome and Tru-cut biopsy needle in diagnosing breast masses.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was performed in 214 patients with breast masses obtained separately by mammotome or Tru-cut biopsy needle guided by ultrasound, and analyzed by pathological examination. The success ratios of sample choosing and the coincident ratios of pathological diagnosis were compared.@*RESULTS@#The success ratios of sample choosing for mammotome and Tru-cut biopsy needle were 100% and 90%, respectively. The coincident ratios of pathological diagnosis of mammotome and Tru-cut were 98. 7% and 90%, respectively. There was significant difference in the 2 groups (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Mammotome is a useful method and superior to Tru-cut biopsy needle in the diagnosis of breast masses.

Expression of TFAR19(PDCD5) in normal human kidney, renal clear cell carcinoma, normal human bladder and bladder carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of apoptosis gene PDCD5 in tissues of normal human kidney, renal clear cell carcinoma, normal bladder and bladder carcinoma, and explore the role of PDCD5 gene in renal clear cell carcinoma and bladder carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Indirect immunohistochemistry was employed to detect PDCD5 expression in 63 kidney specimens and 42 bladder specimens. Positive expression rates and intensity of PDCD5 protein expression in the kidney tissue were investigated microscopically and by computerized image analysis. Positive expression rate in the bladder tissue was investigated by microscopic observation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of immunohistochemical staining showed PDCD5 protein overexpression in the renal tubule of normal human kidney tissues and downregulation with the stage increase of renal clear cell carcinoma. PDCD5 protein expression showed statistical significance in tissues of normal kidney and renal clear cell carcinoma in all stages. No obvious PDCD5 expression was detected in the tissues of normal human bladder and bladder carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PDCD5 is an important apoptosis-regulating factor in the occurrence of renal clear cell carcinoma, and its expression is extremely low in tissues of normal human bladder and bladder carcinoma.</p>

Cytotoxic effect of oncolytic virus combined with mitomycin against human bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of combined use of oncolytic virus and the chemotherapeutic agents mitomycin (MMC) in growth inhibition of human bladder cancer cell line T-24 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human bladder cancer cell line T-24 was infected with oncolytic virus (ONYX-015) of different multiplicity of infection, or treated with MMC in addition to ONYX-015. The changes in the cell growth, morphology, and apoptosis of cultured T-24 cells were observed by means of cell counting and fluorescence microscopy after the treatments. The effects of the treatment protocols were also tested in nude mouse model of implanted subcutaneous tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Combined use of ONYX-015 and MMC produced substantially stronger cytotoxic effect against T-24 cells than exclusive use of ONYX-015. In in vivo experiments, combination of oncolytic virus and MMC resulted in much more significant tumor growth inhibition than either of the agents used alone. Obvious T-24 cell apoptosis could be observed in response to combined ONYX-105 and MMC treatment and exclusive ONYX-105 treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ONYX-015 combined with MMC can produce significant cytotoxicity against T-24 cells and enhance therapeutic efficacy against bladder carcinoma.</p>

Adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy for experimental bladder carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of cytocine deaminase-thymidine kinase (CD-TK) fusion double suicide gene therapy using adenovirus mediated CD-TK gene and green fluorescent rotein (GFP) gene combined with ganciclovir(GCV) or 5-flourocytosine(5-FC) in a murine subcutaneous bladder carcinoma model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A replication defective adenovirus vector containing CD-TK gene was used. Subcutaneous tumors were established in syngenic C57BL/6 female mice with 1 x 10(6) Mb49 cells. Intratumoral injection of AdCD-TK (1.58 x 10(8) PFU, qd x days) in combination with GCV (40 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip, qd x 10 days) or 5-FC (400 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), ip, qd x 10 days) was administered in vivo for the determination of treatment efficacy in separate controlled experiments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vivo experiments demonstrated that the mean volume of tumor in the group of AdCD-TK/GCV(326.58+/-109.56 mm(3)), AdCD-TK/5-FC (235.33+/-62.94 mm(3)) and AdCD-TK/(GCV+5-FC) (23.58+/-6.78 mm(3)) was reduced significantly compared with that of control group (993.51+/-158.32 mm(3)) (P=0.00), the mean volume of tumor in the group of AdCD-TK/(GCV+5-FC) was significantly less than that in the group of AdCD-TK/GCV or AdCD-TK/5-FC (P=0.04). Tumor necrosis was revealed by histomorphology compared with control animals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adenovirus mediated CD-TK double suicide gene combining with GCV or 5-FC could provide an effective therapy in an experimental murine bladder carcinoma by significantly inhibiting tumor growth. The treatment efficacy of AdCD-TK combining GCV and 5-FC was superior to that of AdCD-TK combining GCV or AdCD-TK combining 5-FC.</p>