Study on anti-gastric cancer mechanism of Wisteria sinensis tumor based on network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Wisteria sinensis tumor in the treatment of gastric cancer, using a network pharmacology and molecular docking approach, with verification of the results by experiments. Methods The main active components and corresponding targets of Wisteria sinensis tumor monocytogenes, as well as the disease targets of gastric cancer, were obtained through the network pharmacology database. The Venny 2.1.0 platform was used to take the intersection of drug and disease. The String database was used to construct target protein interaction(PPI)network for common targets, and Metascape database was used to analyze GO function enrichment KEGG pathway enrichment of related targets. The interactive network of "component-target-pathway" of Wisteria sinensis tumor on gastric cancer was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.2 software. The molecular docking of the key targets and active compunds was carried out by using Autodock Vina software. The effect of Wisteria sinensis tumor on gastric cancer was verified by in vitro cell tests. Results A total of 8 main active components, 290 drug targets and 251 gastric cancer-related targets were screened out. A total of 19 targets intersected between with drug and diseases. Seven pathways were involved in the treatment of gastric cancer by Wisteria sinensis tumor. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active components of Wisteria sinensis tumor had good binding ability with the key targets of gastric cancer. The results of in vitro experiments confirmed that, the formononetin from Wisteria sinensis tumor had certain activity on gastric cancer cells, and the formononetin could also induce apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells and increase the level of intracellular calcium ion. Conclusions This study preliminarily reveals the potential components and regulatory network of Wisteria sinensis tumor monocytogenes acting on gastric cancer clarified that Wisteria sinensis tumor monocytogenes has antitumor effect, and may be related to inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and it provides references for the future research and clinical application.

Receiving Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus Disclosure from Male Sexual Partners and Related Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men Aged 50 and Above / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the rate and correlates of receiving human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners among men who have sex with men(MSM) aged 50 and above. Methods With a geosocial networking application,we recruited participants through online convenience sampling to collect the demographic variables,behavioral information,receiving HIV serostatus disclosure,etc.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to interpret the associated factors of receiving HIV serostatus disclosure. Results Overall,38.4%(398/1037) of participants received HIV serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners.The multivariable analysis demonstrated that the following populations were less likely to receive HIV serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners:participants with junior high school degree or below(OR=0.660,95%CI=0.473-0.922, P=0.015) compared to those with senior high school degree or above;participants unemployed(OR=0.537,95%CI=0.322-0.896, P=0.017) and employed(OR=0.663,95%CI=0.466-0.944, P=0.022) compared to those retired;participants without knowledge about HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) compared to those with knowledge about HIV/AIDS(OR=0.636,95%CI=0.466-0.868, P=0.004);participants having ≥2 male sexual partners in the last year(OR=0.433,95%CI=0.320-0.586, P<0.001) compared to those having none or one male sexual partner;participants never been tested for HIV(OR=0.544,95%CI=0.403-0.734, P<0.001) compared to those ever been tested for HIV;participants ever been diagnosed to have sexually transmitted infection(STI)(OR=0.472,95%CI=0.349-0.637, P<0.001) compared to those never diagnosed to have STI;and participants with higher level of HIV stigma(OR=0.742,95%CI=0.604-0.912, P=0.005). Conclusions Our findings indicated that the MSM aged 50 and above had low possibility of receiving HIV serostatus disclosure from the most recent male sexual partners.Education,employment status,number of sexual partners,HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,HIV testing behaviors,STI infection history,and HIV stigma contributed to this result.

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors among College Students during the Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019:A Multi-center Cross-sectional Study / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To measure the prevalence of mental health symptoms and identify the associated factors among college students at the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak in China. Methods We carried out a multi-center cross-sectional study via snowball sampling and convenience sampling of the college students in different areas of China.The rates of self-reported depression,anxiety,and stress and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)were assessed via the 21-item Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(DASS-21)and the 6-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-6),respectively.Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics,health-related data,and information of the social environment.Data pertaining to mental health service seeking were also collected.Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors. Results A total of 3641 valid questionnaires were collected from college students.At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak,535(14.69%)students had negative emotions,among which 402(11.04%),381(10.49%),and 171(4.90%)students had the symptoms of depression,anxiety,and stress,respectively.Meanwhile,1245(34.19%)college students had PTSD.Among the risk factors identified,male gender was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting depression symptoms(AOR=0.755,P=0.037],and medical students were at higher risk of depression and stress symptoms than liberal arts students(AOR=1.497,P=0.003;AOR=1.494,P=0.045).Family support was associated with lower risks of negative emotions and PTSD in college students(AOR=0.918,P<0.001;AOR=0.913,P<0.001;AOR=0.899,P<0.001;AOR=0.971,P=0.021). Conclusions College students were more sensitive to public health emergencies,and the incidence of negative emotions and PTSD was significantly higher than that before the outbreak of COVID-19.More attention should be paid to female college students who were more likely to develop negative emotions.We should strengthen positive and proper propaganda via mass media and help college students understand the situation and impact of COVID-19.Furthermore,we should enhance family support for college students.The government and relevant agencies need to provide appropriate mental health services to the students under similar circumstances to avoid the deterioration of their mental well-being.

Exploration of IRES Elements within the ORF of the Coxsackievirus B3 Genome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to identify internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the open reading frame (ORF) of the Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) genome.@*Methods@#The sequences of P1, P2, or P3 of the CVB3 genome or the truncated sequences from each antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to the end of the P1, P2, or P3 gene were inserted into the pEGFP-N1 vector. After transfection, possible IRES-dependent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused proteins were detected by anti-GFP western blotting. The sequences of possible IRESs were inserted into specific Fluc/Rluc bicistronic vectors, in which the potential IRESs were determined according to the Fluc/Rluc activity ratio. Expression of Fluc and Rluc mRNA of the bicistronic vector was detected by RT-qPCR.@*Results@#After transfection of full length or truncated sequences of the P1, P2, or P3 plasmids, six GFP-fused protein bands in P1, six bands in P2 and nine bands in P3 were detected through western blotting. Two IRESs in VP2 (1461-1646 nt) and VP1 (2784-2983 nt) of P1; one IRES in 2C (4119-4564 nt) of P2; and two IRESs in 3C (5634-5834 nt) and 3D (6870-7087 nt) of P3 were identified according to Fluc/Rluc activity ratio. The cryptic promoter was also excluded by RT-qPCR.@*Conclusion@#Five IRESs are present in the CVB3 coding region.

A New Method for Assessing the Intrauterine Adhesion by Three-dimensional Endometrial Area Imaging / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To investigate a new method for assessing the intrauterine adhesion（IUA）by three- dimensional（3D） endometrial area imaging. 【Methods】 A total of 121 women with suspected IUA or tubal factor infertility undergoing hysteroscopy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups ：those with IUA and those without IUA. The endometrial area cutoff point was calculated to classify the patients with IUA into mild ， moderate ，and severe subgroups according to their AFS classification. 【Results】 When IUA were diagnosed based on the endometrial area，the area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve was 0.839，the cutoff point was 4.23 cm2，the sensitivity was 0.86，and the specificity was 0.74，the diagnostic efficiency is 76.03%. We further classified IUA into mild，moderate，and severe groups based on the endometrium area as follows：mild IUA（4.02，4.23］cm2，moderate IUA（3.23 ，4.02］cm2 ，and severe IUA≤3.23 cm2. The incidence rate of IUA increased by 30.6% for each one-unit decrease in abortive gestational age and increased by 18.9% for each one-unit decrease in endometrial area.【Conclusion】3D endometrial area imaging is a simple and fast tool for IUA diagnosis and severity assessment，providing a new diagnosis method for gynaecologists to assess IUA.

Analysis on the epidemic status and the burden of intestinal infectious diseases in Jining city from 2009 to 2016 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the burden of intestinal infectious diseases in Jining city from 2009 to 2016, determine the epidemic trends and the high-risk groups in this area, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases. Methods The intestinal infectious diseases case information were collected from the Infectious Diseases Surveillance Information Reporting System. Based on these data, the incidence rate, the years lived with disability (YLDs) and the intensity of YLDs of intestinal infectious diseases was calculated. Results From 2009 to 2016, the annual incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases in Jining city was 128.81/100 000, the annual incidence rate of subtype diseases in the descending order were other infectious diarrhea (74.74/100 000), hand-foot-and-mouth disease (49.15/100 000), bacillary dysentery (3.65/100 000), hepatitis E (0.57/100 000), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (0.37/100 000) and hepatitis A (0.34/100 000). The highest incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was at May to August. The total YLDs caused by intestinal infectious diseases were 593.04 person-years, including 372.31 person-years for males and 220.73 person-years for females. The YLDs ranked in descending order were of hand-foot-mouth disease (326.88 person-years), other infectious diarrhea (235.74 person-years), hepatitis E (10.65 person-years), bacillary dysentery (10.09 person-years), hepatitis A (7.71 person-years), and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (1.97 person-years), and the corresponding intensity of YLDs were 0.489, 0.353, 0.016, 0.015, 0.012, and 0.003 person-years /100 000, respectively. Conclusions The hand-foot-and-mouth disease and the other infectious diarrhea were the main intestinal infectious diseases subtypes prevailed in Jining city from 2009 to 2016, whose incidence was highest in the season of summer, and the preschool children and elderly people were the high-risk populations. According to its incidence characteristic, relevant government departments can take effective measures to prevent and control the intestinal infectious diseases in Jining city.

Preparation and characterization of PEGylated long-circulating liposomes encapsulating costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone / 中草药

Objective: To prepare pegylated long-circulating liposomes co-encapsulated by costunolide (Cos) and dehydrocostus lactone (DL), optimize the formulation and process, and evaluate the quality. Methods: The pegylated long-circulating liposomes co-encapsulated by Cos and DL were prepared by film hydration method. Single factor test and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were used to optimize the preparation process with encapsulation efficiency of Cos and DL as the index. The particle size, surface potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of the liposomes were evaluated. Results: The optimal preparation conditions were as follows: drug-to-lipid ratio was 0.14, ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was 0.05, mPEG-2000-DSPE addition amount was 6%, hydration time was 30 min, and probe ultrasonic time was 4 min. The obtained liposome was round and uniform in distribution, with an average particle size of (104.8 ± 2.48) nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of (0.245 ± 0.031), and a Zeta potential of (-9.7 ± 0.23) mV, the encapsulation efficiency of Cos and DL were (91.9 ± 2.6)% and (94.41 ± 1.23)%, respectively. Conclusion: The PEGylated long-circulating liposome prepared by the process and prescription optimization has good appearance and high encapsulation efficiency, which can meet the application requirements.

Effects of down-regulation of TRIM33 on proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer cell BGC-823 / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the potential function of TRIM33 in the progression of gastric cancer using human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells with down-regulated TRIM33. Methods Recombinant plasmid si-TRIM33 and control vector were transfected into BC-823 cells using Liposome 2000. The protein level of TRIM33 was detected by Western blotting. CCK-8 and EdU assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Plate cloning assay was employed to exam the clone formation rate and the scratch test was used to assess cell invasion ability. Results Comparing to cells that transfected with the control vector (control group), cells transfected with si-TRIM33 vectors (si-TRIM33 group) showed dramatically decreased levels of TRIM33 expression (P<0.01). Cells transfected with the control vectors showed the OD value of 0.48±0.06 and 0.51±0.11 at 24h and 48h, respectively; while cells transfected with si-TRIM33 vectors showed the OD values of 0.75±0.02 and 1.16±0.10 at 24h and 48h, respectively, using CCK-8 test. Therefore, knocking down TRIM3 in BGC-823 cells promotes cell proliferation (P<0.01). This is further confirmed using EdU assay. The cell proliferation rates of cells transfected with control vector and cells with the si-TRIM33 vectors were 14.43±1.79 and 42.92±5.05, respectively (P<0.01). In the plate cloning formation experiment, the number of spheres in the control group and the si-TRIM33 group were 675.00±141.52 and 1233.00±242.62, respectively. This showed that the down-regulation of TRIM33 enhances the colony formation rate (P<0.05). In the invasion experiment, scratch healing rates of the control group and the si-TRIM33 group at 12h were 0.105±0.018 and 0.169±0.032, respectively. The healing rates at 24h in the control group and the si-TRIM33 group were 0.167±0.016 and 0.258±0.031, respectively. Together, decreased TRIM33 enhances cell invasion (P<0.05). Conclusion Down-regulation of TRIM33 expression promotes proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.

Role of the proportion of dominant follicles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#There is no absolute consensus for the best time for triggering. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different proportion of dominant follicles (PDF) on the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day for the clinical outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of different ovarian stimulation protocols.@*Methods@#A total of 371 cycles of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol and 347 cycles of GnRH antagonist protocol from January 2014 to December 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Based on the PDF on the day of the HCG administration, the included patients were divided into three groups: Group A (low PDF), PDF <20%; Group B (medium PDF), 20%≤ PDF ≤40%; Group C (high PDF), PDF >40%. The measurements regarding ovarian stimulation characteristics, fertilization rate, top quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ovarian hyperstimualtion syndrome (OHSS) rate were compared in different PDF groups with different protocols.@*Results@#In both the GnRH antagonist protocol and GnRH agonist long protocol, the characteristics such as mean age, anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count (AFC), and body mass index were comparable between groups. The number of oocytes retrieved decreased statistically significantly as the PDF and rate of matured oocytes increased. In the GnRH agonist long protocol, the rate of normally fertilized oocytes was highest in Group A (59.74 ± 31.21 vs. 49.70 ± 37.95, 49.67 ± 36.62; F = 3.743, P = 0.025). There were no significant differences in the rate of top-quality embryos and the clinical pregnancy rate between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was similar in the three groups (63.6%, 62.5%, 67.5%, respectively, χ2 = 0.989, P = 0.911). The moderate and severe OHSS rate increased statistically significantly when the PDF increased, which was highest in group C (1.4%, 3.1%, 6.7%, respectively, χ2 = 12.014, P = 0.017). In the GnRH antagonist protocol, there were no significant differences in the rate of top-quality embryos, the rate of normally fertilized oocytes, the clinical pregnancy rate, and the moderate and severe OHSS rate between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate in Group C was higher than that in Group A (57.9% vs. 46.6%, χ2 = 10.850, P = 0.093).@*Conclusions@#In the GnRH antagonist protocol, PDF on the HCG day of less than 20% may be unfavorable to the clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS. In the GnRH agonist long protocol, delaying the HCG trigger timing has no good effect on clinical pregnancy and the risk of OHSS might increase in patients with PCOS.

Role of the proportion of dominant follicles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#There is no absolute consensus for the best time for triggering. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different proportion of dominant follicles (PDF) on the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day for the clinical outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of different ovarian stimulation protocols.@*METHODS@#A total of 371 cycles of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol and 347 cycles of GnRH antagonist protocol from January 2014 to December 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Based on the PDF on the day of the HCG administration, the included patients were divided into three groups: Group A (low PDF), PDF 40%. The measurements regarding ovarian stimulation characteristics, fertilization rate, top quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ovarian hyperstimualtion syndrome (OHSS) rate were compared in different PDF groups with different protocols.@*RESULTS@#In both the GnRH antagonist protocol and GnRH agonist long protocol, the characteristics such as mean age, anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count (AFC), and body mass index were comparable between groups. The number of oocytes retrieved decreased statistically significantly as the PDF and rate of matured oocytes increased. In the GnRH agonist long protocol, the rate of normally fertilized oocytes was highest in Group A (59.74 ± 31.21 vs. 49.70 ± 37.95, 49.67 ± 36.62; F = 3.743, P = 0.025). There were no significant differences in the rate of top-quality embryos and the clinical pregnancy rate between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was similar in the three groups (63.6%, 62.5%, 67.5%, respectively, χ = 0.989, P = 0.911). The moderate and severe OHSS rate increased statistically significantly when the PDF increased, which was highest in group C (1.4%, 3.1%, 6.7%, respectively, χ = 12.014, P = 0.017). In the GnRH antagonist protocol, there were no significant differences in the rate of top-quality embryos, the rate of normally fertilized oocytes, the clinical pregnancy rate, and the moderate and severe OHSS rate between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate in Group C was higher than that in Group A (57.9% vs. 46.6%, χ = 10.850, P = 0.093).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the GnRH antagonist protocol, PDF on the HCG day of less than 20% may be unfavorable to the clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS. In the GnRH agonist long protocol, delaying the HCG trigger timing has no good effect on clinical pregnancy and the risk of OHSS might increase in patients with PCOS.

Simulation training of aeromedical evacuation under international perspective / 医疗卫生装备

The history of aeromedical evacuation was reviewed in the world.Database inquiry was executed to explore the present situation of aeromedical evacuation simulation training from the aspects of the contents, tools and environmental design.The problems were summarized in aeromedical evacuation simulation training in China,and some suggestions were put forward accordingly.It's pointed out that the researches on simulation training is of great significance for the development of aeromedical evacuation in war or non-war conditions.

Expression and clinical significance of HMGA1 and CXCR4 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein Al (HMGA1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in breast invasive ductal carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of HMGA1 and CXCR4 in 105 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma and 80 cases of breast adenosis. The correlation between HMGA1 and CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results The positive rate of HMGA1 and CXCR4 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma was significantly higher than that of breast adenosis(77.14％ vs 26.25％, 73.33％ vs 23.75％ ), the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.001). There was no significant correlation between HMGA1 and CXCR4 expression in breast cancer tissues (r = 0.104, P =0.289), suggesting that the expression of them were independent of each other. The combined detection of HMGA1 and CXCR4 could improve the sensitivity of diagnosis of (either positive) and specificity of(both positive). The positive rate of CXCR4 in PR positive breast cancer (87.5％ ) was higher than that in PR negative(60.0％ ), the difference was statistically significant (P =0.008) Conclusion HMGA1 is highly expressed in breast invasive ductal carcinoma, and CXCR4 expression is mainly low in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. HMGA1 and CXCR4 have higher sensitivity, and the combined detection of them can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer diagnosis. The high expression of HMGA1 and CXCR4 in breast cancer has a certain clinical significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, which is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical breast cancer.

New external spinal skeletal fixation combined with percutaneous injury vertebra bone grafting for the treatment of two-segment thoracolumbar fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical results of new external spinal skeletal fixation combined with percutaneous injury vertebra bone grafting in the treatment of two-segment thoracolumbar fractures without neural dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 28 patients with two-segment thoracolumbar fractures without neural dysfunction treated from January 2013 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 11 females, with a mean age of(37.5±10.3) years (ranging from 19 to 55 years). According to fracture AO classification, all 28 cases were type A, including 2 cases of T₁₀,₁₁, 3 cases of T₁₁,₁₂, 9 cases of T₁₂-L₁, 4 cases of L₁,₂, 5 cases of L₂,₃, 4 cases of L₃,₄, 1 case of L₄,₅. All 28 patients received treatment of new external spinal skeletal fixation and percutaneous injury vertebra bone grafting. Operation time, intraoperative bleeding and related complications were recorded. The informations of vertebral anterior border height percentage and bone fusion were observed by radiography before and after operation, before removed external fixation and final follow-up. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to evaluate the clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 13 to 32 months with an average of (24.5±3.5) months. There was significant difference by the time of 3 days postoperatively, before removed external fixation, final follow-up comparing with the preoperative in vertebral anterior border height percentage and VAS score(<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral anterior border height percentage by the time of 3 days postoperatively, before removed external fixation comparing with final follow-up(>0.05). While the VAS score showed a gradually declining trend, screw lossening ocurred in 2 cases and nail tracker infection occurred in 1 case after operation, and no other complications were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>New external spinal skeletal fixation and percutaneous injury vertebra bone grafting can got satisfactory clinical effect in treating two-segment thoracolumbar fractures without neural dysfunction, which is an effective method of minimally invasive surgery.</p>

The mechanism of sensing postural changes in human ears by numerical simulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the general mechanical behavior pattern of sensing angular velocity by 3 pairs of human semicircular canals.Methods Sinusoidal head rotation of a healthy subject was simulated by finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses in the above 3 pairs of canals in the left and right inner ear.Results Compared with the complicated node displacement distribution,the volumetric strain distribution of cupula was regular.Specifically,each pair of cupulae expanded or contracted within the same amplitude with the same response frequency to the angular velocity.The ratio of absolute volumetric strain among the horizontal semicircular canal cupula (HC cupula),the anterior semicircular canal cupula (AC cupula),and the posterior semicircular canal cupula (PC cupula),was approximately 1.00∶0.80 ∶ 1.72,which kept constant.In addition,the volumetric strain of HC cupula was in phase with that of AC cupula,but showing 14.4° out of phase with the angular velocity,and 180° out of phase with that of PC cupula.Conclusions The volumetric strain of cupula can preferably characterize the directional coding function of semicircular canal,and the amplitude,frequency and phase of the cupular volumetric strain can encode those of the stimulated angular velocity,respectively.These results will lay the foundation for establishing quantitative relationship of vestibulo-ocular reflex,and provide theoretical references for quantitative assessment for vestibular function by nystagmus examination.

The mechanism of sensing postural changes in human ears by numerical simulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the general mechanical behavior pattern of sensing angular velocity by 3 pairs of human semicircular canals.Methods Sinusoidal head rotation of a healthy subject was simulated by finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses in the above 3 pairs of canals in the left and right inner ear.Results Compared with the complicated node displacement distribution,the volumetric strain distribution of cupula was regular.Specifically,each pair of cupulae expanded or contracted within the same amplitude with the same response frequency to the angular velocity.The ratio of absolute volumetric strain among the horizontal semicircular canal cupula (HC cupula),the anterior semicircular canal cupula (AC cupula),and the posterior semicircular canal cupula (PC cupula),was approximately 1.00∶0.80 ∶ 1.72,which kept constant.In addition,the volumetric strain of HC cupula was in phase with that of AC cupula,but showing 14.4° out of phase with the angular velocity,and 180° out of phase with that of PC cupula.Conclusions The volumetric strain of cupula can preferably characterize the directional coding function of semicircular canal,and the amplitude,frequency and phase of the cupular volumetric strain can encode those of the stimulated angular velocity,respectively.These results will lay the foundation for establishing quantitative relationship of vestibulo-ocular reflex,and provide theoretical references for quantitative assessment for vestibular function by nystagmus examination.

The mechanism of sensing postural changes in human ears by numerical simulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the general mechanical behavior pattern of sensing angular velocity by 3 pairs of human semicircular canals. Methods Sinusoidal head rotation of a healthy subject was simulated by finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses in the above 3 pairs of canals in the left and right inner ear. Results Compared with the complicated node displacement distribution, the volumetric strain distribution of cupula was regular. Specifically, each pair of cupulae expanded or contracted within the same amplitude with the same response frequency to the angular velocity. The ratio of absolute volumetric strain among the horizontal semicircular canal cupula (HC cupula), the anterior semicircular canal cupula (AC cupula), and the posterior semicircular canal cupula (PC cupula), was approximately 1.00︰0.80︰1.72, which kept constant. In addition, the volumetric strain of HC cupula was in phase with that of AC cupula, but showing 14.4° out of phase with the angular velocity, and 180° out of phase with that of PC cupula. Conclusions The volumetric strain of cupula can preferably characterize the directional coding function of semicircular canal, and the amplitude, frequency and phase of the cupular volumetric strain can encode those of the stimulated angular velocity, respectively. These results will lay the foundation for establishing quantitative relationship of vestibulo-ocular reflex, and provide theoretical references for quantitative assessment for vestibular function by nystagmus examination.

Reviews on α-glucosidase inhibitor from plant secondary metabolites / 中国中药杂志

α-Glucosidase inhibitor was a new type of antidiabetics which was developed in the late 1970s. By reducing the postprandial blood sugar concentration, it could effectively control the blood sugar levels, thereby reducing the occurrence of diabetic complications. Studies have shown that plant secondary metabolites have important biological functions such as hpyerglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects. In this paper, the sources of plant secondary metabolites which are able to inhibit α-glucosidase and their inhibition mechanism would be reviewed to provide references for seeking more safe and efficient plant secondary metabolites of α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Consensus on the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine criteria of diagnostic classification in polycystic ovary syndrome (draft) / 中西医结合学报

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder of women, with complex pathogenesis and heterogeneous manifestations. Professor Jin Yu recently wrote an article entitled "Proposal of Diagnosis and Diagnostic Classification of PCOS in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine."From this, the Obstetrics and Gynecology branches of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine and the China Association of Chinese Medicine collaborated with the Gynecology branch of the Chinese Association for Research and Advancement of Chinese Medicine to draft a report on the consensus of criteria for the diagnosis and classification of PCOS in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The diagnosis for PCOS includes all three features: (1) oligo-ovulation or anovulation; (2) clinical and/or laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenism;(3) PCOS is classified into four types: types Ia,Ib, IIa, and IIb. Syndrome differentiation types for PCOS in traditional Chinese medicine are as follows: Kidney deficiency with phlegm blockage syndrome, Kidney Yin deficiency with phlegm blockage and blood stasis syndrome, and Kidney deficiency with Liver Qi stagnation syndrome.

Increased Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Kashin-Beck Disease and Rats Induced by T-2 Toxin and Selenium Deficiency / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of biochemical markers associated with apoptosis in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and in an established T-2 toxin- and selenium (Se) deficiency-induced rat model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cartilages were collected from the hand phalanges of five patients with KBD and five healthy children. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a selenium-deficient diet for 4 weeks prior to T-2 toxin exposure. The apoptotic chondrocytes were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins in the cartilages were visualized by immunohistochemistry, their protein levels were determined by Western blotting, and mRNA levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Increased chondrocyte apoptosis was observed in the cartilages of children with KBD. Increased apoptotic and caspase-3-stained cells were observed in the cartilages of rats fed with normal and Se-deficient diets plus T-2 toxin exposure compared to those in rats fed with normal and Se-deficient diets. Caspase-3, p53, and Bax proteins and mRNA levels were higher, whereas Bcl-2 levels were lower in rats fed with normal or Se-deficiency diets supplemented with T-2 toxin than the corresponding levels in rats fed with normal diet.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>T-2 toxin under a selenium-deficient nutritional status induces chondrocyte death, which emphasizes the role of chondrocyte apoptosis in cartilage damage and progression of KBD.</p>

Expression changes of Rhodopsin and recoverin in MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration in rats / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the time - effect relationship between the expression of rhodopsin and recoverin and photoreceptor damage induced by N - nethl - N -nitrosourea ( MNU) . METHODS: Thirty-six 7-week old Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats were intraperitoneally injected with MNU ( 60mg/kg ) and were put to death by dislocation of cervical vertebra 6, 12, 24h; 3, 7d after injection ( 6 per group) , respectively. As a control, six rats were injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 5mL/kg and sacrificed on d3 after injection. The degree of photoreceptor apoptosis was detected by HE staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling ( TUNEL ) and transmission electron microscope ( TEM ) in the right eyes. The mRNA expressions of rhodopsin and recoverin were detected different time after injection by Western blot and immunohistochemical method in the left eyes. RESULTS:The dissolution of photoreceptor nucleus and apoptosis body were first perceived at 12h by TEM; most of cells at outer nuclear layer were presented positive reaction. The apoptotic index reached peak ( 29. 7% ±2.3%) at 24h which was coincided with the observation of TEM. The results of immunohistochemistry displayed that rhodopsin and recoverin were on a declining curve with time extension. Furthermore, the results of Western blot indicated that rhodopsin had dramatic decline at 6h after injection (P CONCLUSION:60mg/kg MNU intraperitoneally injection one - time may specifically induce photoreceptor apoptosis, The mechanism of down - regulation of rhodopsin and recoverin may be related to the selected apoptosis of photoreceptors.