Effectiveness of TBL+ CBD method applied in the course teaching of Introduction to General Practice / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To verify the application value of team-based learning (TBL) joint case-based discussion (CBD) method applied in the course teaching of Introduction to General Practice.Methods:Students from two clinical oriented classes in the same grade were divided into the experimental group ( n=35) and the control group ( n=35). The control group implemented the traditional teaching method, and the experimental group implemented the TBL joint CBD method. The teaching effect were compared between the two groups. SPSS 20.0 was used for frequency description and statistical test analysis. Non-normal distribution data were tested with Mann-Whitney U test. Results:After the teaching, the average rank of multiple-choice questions (35.28) and analytic questions (42.24) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (32.68 and 25.52, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion:The TBL joint CBD method applied in the course of general practice helps to improve students' test achievement, enhance their overall quality, and lay a foundation for training comprehensive competencies of general practitioners.

Association of mental health,job burnout and mental fatigue in mental workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of mental health,job burnout and mental fatigue in mental workers.METHODS: A total of 276 mental workers in 11 research institutes in Ningxia were selected as research subjects by convenient sampling method. The questionnaire survey was carried out using the scales of Self-Reporting Inventory( SCL-90),Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Mental Fatigue subscale of Fatigue Scale-14 to investigate the workers' mental health,job burnout and mental fatigue. RESULTS: The scores of SCL-90 and job burnout in mental workers were( 142. 4 ± 42. 2) and( 41. 8 ± 10. 5). The medium( P25,P75) mental fatigue total score was [3. 0( 2. 0,4. 0) ].The correlation analysis showed that the total score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with that of mental fatigue and job burnout( P < 0. 01). The job burnout was the intermediate variable between mental fatigue and mental health( 43. 4% of the total effect). The dimension of low sense of accomplishment was the regulating variable. CONCLUSION: Job burnout plays an intermediate role between mental fatigue and mental health in mental workers. The low sense of accomplishment plays a regulatory role.

Effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking method on auditory brainstem response and neurotransmitters of inferior colliculus in rats of tinnitus / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking on auditory brainstem response (ABR) and contents of neurotransmitters of γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and acetyl choline (Ach) in inferior colliculus of tinnitus rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male adult SD rats were randomized into a control group, a model group, a 7-d treatment group and a 15-d treatment group. Except the control group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 10% salicylate sodium at a dose of 350 mg/kg to establish tinnitus model. Rats in the control group were treated with injection of 0.9% NaCl. Rats in the 7-d treatment group and 15-d treatment group were treated with electrical stimulation at "Shenmen (TF₄)" and "Yidan (CO₁₁)" in the distribution area of auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking, once a day, for 7 days and 15 days. The SigGenRP software of TDT system was applied to provide voice for single ear and collect the signal, and the voice threshold of ABR was tested. The levels of γ-GABA, 5-HT and Ach in inferior colliculus of rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the threshold values of ABR in 12 kHz and 16 kHz voice stimulation in the 7-d treatment group were significantly lower all P < 0.05); the threshold values of ABR from 4 kHz to 28 kHz voice stimulation in the 15-d treatment group were signally reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which was more significant than those in the 7-d treatment group. The level of γ-GABA in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 15-d treatment group was apparently higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The level of 5-HT in the model group was markedly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 7-d treatment group was lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05), while that in the 15-d treatment group was apparently higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The level of Ach in the model group was obviously; lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and that in the 7-d treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electrical stimulation at auricular vagus nerve combined with sound masking) could regulate the threshold of ABR, especially in the 15-d treatment group. This may be ascribed to modulating the levels of neurotransmitter of γ-GABA, 5-HT and Ach in inferior colliculus.</p>

The effect of nickel-smelting fumes on the expression of bcl-2 and bax in NIH/3T3 cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of nickel-smelting fumes on the expression of bcl-2 and bax in mammalian cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Logarithmic growth NIH/3T3 cells were exposed to venom for 24 h, which sample fumes concentration was respectively 0, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 µg/ml. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and the level of extracellular LDH activity was detected with Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) kit. Morphological changes of apoptotic were observed with Hoechst33342, while Western blot was used to measure the expression of bcl-2 and bax.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In addition to 7 days of 6.25 µg/ml nickel-smelting fumes group, each time point and dose group's cell viability reduced with significant differences compared with the control group (P < 0.05). the extracellular LDH activity increased with increasing dose of nickel-smelting fumes, and the extracellular LDH activity of 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 µg/ml nickel-smelting fumes group increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the cells, treated with 100.00 µg/ml nickel-smelting fumes for 24 h, appeared obvious morphological changes of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage. the expression of bcl-2 significantly increased in groups of 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 µg/ml nickel-smelting fumes (0.58 ± 0.01, 0.6 3± 0.01 and 0.57 ± 0.01) and decreased in groups of 50.00, 100.00 µg/m nickel-smelting fume (0.35 ± 0.01 and 0.27 ± 0.01) as compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). And the expression of bax significantly decreased in group of 6.25 µg/ml nickel-smelting fumes (0.58 ± 0.00) and increased in groups of 50.00, 100.00 µg/m nickel-smelting fumes (0.71 ± 0.01 and 0.78 ± 0.02) as compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apoptosis was activated in NIH/3T3 cell after 24 h of exposure to Ni-smelting fumes, which may be induced by oxidative stress.</p>

Analysis on Clinical Adverse Drug Reaction of Tonic Chinese Medicinal Herbs Based on Literature / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analyze the occurrence of clinical adverse drug reaction (ADR) of tonic Chinese medicinal herbs. Methods Articles about ADR of tonic Chinese medicinal herbs reported from January 1990 to February 2014 were collected from databases of CNKI, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Embase according to incorporation and exclusion standard. Metrology analysis was also conducted. Results Totally 378 effective articles showed tonic Chinese medicinal herbs most likely to induce ADR were as follows:individual Chinese medicinal herbs including Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus and Astragali Radix;injection containing Shenmai Injection, Shengmai Injection and Acanthopanax Injection;other herbal preparation covering Polygoni Multiflori tablets. The most common ADR involved the damage on skin tissue, nervous system and digestive system, with prominent relevant clinical symptoms such as itching, skin rash, dizziness, unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting, and liver dysfunction. Conclusion Correct understanding adverse reaction of tonic Chinese medicinal herbs will be conducive to rational drug use and avoiding risk.

Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Tinnitus Based on Literature and Logistic Multiple Regression Analysis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the rule of traditional Chinese medicine in treating tinnitus based on literature and Logistic multiple regression analysis. Methods Articles about tinnitus treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were searched in several databases, i.e. CNKI (1984-2013), VIP (1989-2013), CBM (1990-2013), and PubMed (1984-2013), and medication frequency was analyzed. Then, models for tinnitus medication were established through metrological method and Logistic multiple regression. Results The common prescriptions with highest frequency usage were Liuwei Dihuang Pill, Longdan Xiegan Decoction, and Erlong Zuoci Pill. Corni Fructus, Psoraleae Fructus, and Lycii Fructus were commonly used for kidney-deficiency type of tinnitus;Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Codonopsis Radix were commonly used for the spleen-qi-deficiency type of tinnitus;Gardeniae Fructus, Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma, and Cyperi Rhizoma were commonly used for the liver-qi-dysfunction type of tinnitus;Pinelliae Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix were commonly used for the phlegm-fire disturbance type of tinnitus;Forsythiae Fructus, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, and Mori Cortex were commonly used for the wind-fire-invasion type of tinnitus. Conclusion Analysis of medication frequency and Logistic multiple regression analysis can provide evidence and reference for the treatment of tinnitus and syndrome differentiation.

Nickel exposure to A549 cell damage and L-ascorbic acid interference effect / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Studying different concentrations of nickel smelting smoke subjects of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) carcinogenic effects, discusses the influence of L-ascorbic acid protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The A549 cells were divided into experimental and L-ascorbic acid in the intervention group. Plus exposure group concentration of nickel refining dusts were formulated 0.00, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 µg/ml suspension, the intervention group on the basis of the added exposure group containing L-ascorbic acid (100 mmol/L), contact 24 h. Detection of cell viability by MTT assay. When the test substance concentration select 0.00, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 µg/ml experiment for internal Flou-3 fluorescent probe to detect cell Ca²⁺ concentration, within DCFH-DA detect intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) content, real-time quantitative PCR (real time, in the RT-PCR) was used to detect cell HIF-1α gene expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the increase of concentration, subjects increased cell growth inhibition rate, intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration increases, ROS content increased, HIF-1α gene expression increased, differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After L-ascorbic acid intervention treatment, the results of the intervention group were lower than that of the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), so L-ascorbic acid can effectively protect the nickel exposure damage to cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With subjects following exposure to nickel concentration increased, its effect on A549 cell damage increases, L-ascorbic acid cell damage caused by nickel has certain protective effect.</p>

Meta Analysis on Domestic and Overseas Acupuncture Treatment for Nervous Tinnitus / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To conduct a systematic review with evidence collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of domestic and overseas acupuncture for nervous tinnitus. Methods RCTs were searched in several databases i.e. CNKI, VIP, CBM and PubMed, using the keywords of acupuncture and tinnitus. The efficacy and methodologies were evaluated using meta-analysis by RevMan5.0. Efficacy indexes i.e. recovery rate, significant efficiency rate, total effective rate of acupuncture in treating nervous tinnitus were assessed using odds ratio (OR). Funnel plot was drawn to analyze publication bias. Begg’s rank test and Egger’s linear regression test were conducted to measure symmetry in funnel plot by using Stata 11.0. Results Fifteen RCTs involving 1082 patients met the inclusive criteria. The results of meta-analyses showed that recovery rate (OR=2.82, 95%CI 1.89 to 4.20), significant efficiency rate (OR=1.75, 95%CI 1.26 to 2.44), total effective rate (OR=3.68, 95%CI 2.62 to 5.16) were significantly higher in acupuncture group than control group. Begg’s rank test (P=0.350) and Egger’s linear regression test (P=0.887) showed partly symmetry in funnel plot with unfilled corner, which indicated that some degree of bias existed in the included studies. Conclusion According to the analysis results, acupuncture or acupuncture combining other therapies were superior to pure medication or non-acupuncture treatments. However, high-quality, large-sample, randomized, controlled trials seem to be needed to further confirm the efficacy of acupuncture, owing to the different standards and research methods, limited qualities of the included studies.