Cortical and Subcortical Grey Matter Abnormalities in White Matter Hyperintensities and Subsequent Cognitive Impairment / 神经科学通报·英文版

Grey matter (GM) alterations may contribute to cognitive decline in individuals with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) but no consensus has yet emerged. Here, we investigated cortical thickness and grey matter volume in 23 WMH patients with mild cognitive impairment (WMH-MCI), 43 WMH patients without cognitive impairment, and 55 healthy controls. Both WMH groups showed GM atrophy in the bilateral thalamus, fronto-insular cortices, and several parietal-temporal regions, and the WMH-MCI group showed more extensive and severe GM atrophy. The GM atrophy in the thalamus and fronto-insular cortices was associated with cognitive decline in the WMH-MCI patients and may mediate the relationship between WMH and cognition in WMH patients. Furthermore, the main results were well replicated in an independent dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database and in other control analyses. These comprehensive results provide robust evidence of specific GM alterations underlying WMH and subsequent cognitive impairment.

Research Development of ERK1/2 Pathway and Its Mediated Multiple Sclerosis / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which was the first cell signal transduction pathway to be discovered, consisted of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. After the activation of ERK1/2 pathway, extracellular signals can be transmitted from the cell membrane to the nucleus. It was involved in many physiological and pathological functions of cells, such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and etc. It was also related to the onset of many diseases, which included multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The activation of ERK1/2 pathway can induce the activation of astrocyte, MG, T cell and macrophage, which released a variety of inflammatory cytokines. It caused myelin damage which induced MS/EAE onset. A number of studies indicated that inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway can reduce the releasing of inflammatory cytokines and myelin damage for MS/EAE alleviation. It provided an important target for the development of MS treatment medication.

Assessment of tooth bleaching efficacy with spectrophotometer / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes in CIE L*, a*, and b* at cervical, body, and incisal sites after tooth bleaching by using a spectrophotometer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-seven intact and healthy maxillary central incisors were in-vestigated. These incisors were darker than A3 according to the Vita Classical shade guide. The CIE tooth shade parameters L*, a*, and b* were simultaneously recorded at three tooth areas (cervical, body, and incisal) with a spectrophotometer before and after tooth bleaching (35%H2O2 coordinating with Beyond whitening accelerator irradiating). The shade dif-ferential (DeltaE) was calculated. ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The efficacy rates of tooth bleaching were satisfactory, with 86.6%, 86.6%, and 85.1% in the cervical, body, and incisal sites, respectively. The average values of DeltaE were 5.09, 4.44, and 4.40 in the cervical, body, and incisal sites. Tooth bleaching significantly increased L* and significantly decreased a* and b* in all tooth areas (P < 0.01). The decreasing range of Deltab* was more than the increasing range of DeltaL* at the cervical site; opposite results were observed at the incisal site. A positive correlation was detected between baseline b* and DeltaE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The spectrophotometer could objectively evaluate the whitening effect of tooth bleaching at the different tooth sites. The tooth bleaching system (35%H202 coordinating with Beyond whitening accelerator irradiating) exerts powerful bleaching actions in most of the tooth areas investigated. The order of tooth bleaching effectiveness is cervicalbody>incisal. Yellow coloration is decreased mainly at the cervical site, and brightness was increased mostly at theincisal site. The effectiveness of tooth bleaching increases as the baseline b* value increases.</p>

Acupuncture Treatment of Hiccup in the Elders / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

In the treatment of hiccup in the elders by acupuncture plus ear-point embedding method, main acupoints Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Tiantu (CV 22) were treated. Qihai (CV 6) and Taixi (KI 3) were added for those with weak constitution due to old age and severe illness, Zanzhu (BL 2) added for those with cerebrovascular disease, and Zhigou (TE 6) added for those with digestive disease and constipation, and Hegu (LI 4) added for those with respiratory disease. Ear-point embedding method on Diaphragm(MA), Stomach(MA), Ershenmen(MA-TF 1), Subcortes(MA-AT1) and Kidney(MA) were conducted. Results showed cure in 45 cases, improvement in 10 cases and the effective rate was 100%.

A clinic study about repairing furcation and root perforations using mineral trioxide aggregate / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the results of repairing furcation and root perforation using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(MTA).Methods:Cases with furcation perforations were divided into two groups randomly,MTA and IRM(control group)methods were adopted in present study.Cases that had root perforations were treated with MTA.Pretreatment,immediate posttreatment,and 1year follow-up radiographs were evaluated in a double-blind manner to determine the presence or absence of any pathologic changes adjacent to the perforation site.Results:21 cases were involved.The healing rate of furcation perforation in MTA group was higher(80%)when compared with that in IRM group(75%).However,statistical analysis showed no significant difference in success rates between both groups(P=0.722).The healing rate of root perforation using MTA was 100%.Conclusion:MTA provides an effective seal of furcation /root perforations,and promises in improving the prognosis of perforated teeth.