Construction of a follow-up evaluation index system for "Diagnosis of Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019) based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To construct a follow-up evaluation index system for "Diagnosis of Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019), and provide a reference basis for the next revision and improvement of the standard.Methods:The evaluation index system for "Diagnosis of Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019) was preliminarily established by consulting relevant references and materials. The experts in the field of diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of brucellosis were selected, and two rounds of expert consultation were carried out in the form of questionnaires using the Delphi method. The necessity and availability of evaluation indicators were scored, and suggestions for modifying and adding indicators were put forward. Based on this, a standard follow-up evaluation index system was established. At the same time, a judgment matrix was constructed combined with the Saaty scale, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of each index in the system.Results:After 2 rounds of expert ( n = 10) consultation, a standard follow-up evaluation index system for "Diagnosis of Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019) was constructed with 3 first-level indexes, 8 second-level indexes and 21 third-level indexes. The positive coefficients of experts in 2 rounds of questionnaires were both 100%; the coefficient of authority of experts was 0.82; the Kendall's coefficients of concordance of first-level, second-level and third-level indexes were 0.722, 0.260, and 0.181, respectively, with P < 0.05. Among the first-level indexes, the weight of standard quality evaluation was the highest (0.364), and the weight of standard implementation status was the lowest (0.278); among the second-level indexes, the combined weight of social benefits was the highest (0.186), and the combined weight of advanced nature was the lowest (0.043); among the third-level indexes, the combined weight of timely diagnosis rate was the highest (0.096), and the combined weight of consistency with technical data was the lowest (0.009). Conclusions:The constructed follow-up evaluation index system for "Diagnosis of Brucellosis" (WS 269-2019) is scientific and reliable, which evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, reduces the defects of a single evaluation, and provides a basis for subsequent revision and improvement of the standard.

MLVA typing and epidemiological analysis of Brucella in Shaanxi Province, 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence of brucellosis and the genotypes of Brucella isolates or nucleic acids in Shaanxi Province, to get the epidemiological and molecular genetic characteristics, and to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control of human brucellosis. Methods:Log into the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, collect the incidence data of human brucellosis of Shaanxi Province in 2020, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Bacteriology and PCR methods were used to identify the isolates or nucleic acids, and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was used for molecular typing. BioNumerics (Version 7.6) software was used to analyze the results of MLVA.Results:In 2020, 1 086 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Shaanxi Province, the incidence rate was 2.80/100 000, involving 86 counties (districts), the epidemic peak was from March to September (865 cases), male-to-female ratio was 2.68 ∶ 1.00 (791 ∶ 295), 79.74% (866 cases) in the age group of 30 to 69 years old, and 83.43% (906 cases) of the cases were farmers. Biotype identification of 36 isolates showed that 4 isolates were mutant Brucella melitensis, 3 isolates were Brucella melitensis 1 and 29 isolates were Brucella melitensis 3. The 36 isolates and 7 nucleic acids were identified as Brucella by BCSP31-PCR and Brucella melitensis by AMOS-PCR. MLVA-16 genotyping, panel1 showed two genotypes: type 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) and type 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2), panel2A showed 4-41-8 and panel2B showed high variability. Thirty-six isolates and 7 nucleic acids were divided into 33 genotypes, of which 27 genotypes were single isolates and 6 genotypes were shared. Conclusions:The situation of human brucellosis prevention and control in Shaanxi Province is grim. MLVA-16 is a mature genotyping method, which determines the existence of multiple genotypes of Brucella isolates or nucleic acids in Shaanxi Province, which can provide scientific information for precise prevention and control of human brucellosis, outbreak analysis and epidemiological traceability.

Risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men in a cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objectives To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion.Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection.Results A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015.Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms.HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years,with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95％ CI:1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group.Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55,95％CI:1.10-2.17),unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24,95％ CI:1.62-3.08),and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95,95％ CI:2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections.After controlling other factors,the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant.Conclusion Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive,suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.

Risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men in a cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objectives To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion.Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection.Results A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015.Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms.HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years,with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95％ CI:1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group.Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55,95％CI:1.10-2.17),unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24,95％ CI:1.62-3.08),and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95,95％ CI:2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections.After controlling other factors,the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant.Conclusion Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive,suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.

HIV/STD prevalence and related behaviors among male STD clinic attendees in Xi'an and Xianyang cities, Shaanxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare the prevalence of HIV/STD and related health care seeking behaviors among male STD clinic attendees between Xi'an and Xianyang cities.Methods During June and July 2016,206 male STD clinic attendees were studied in Xi'an city,with another 221 male STD clinic attendees in Xianyang city.Cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to collect attendees' behavioral information.Blood samples were collected via HIV/HCV/Syphilis testing.Results The prevalence rate of HIV infection was 2.4％ (5/206) in Xi'an and 0.9％ (2/221) in Xianyang,with no statistical significant difference between the two cities.The prevalence rate of syphilis was 4.9％ (10/206) in Xi'an,which was significantly lower than 13.6％ (30/221) in Xianyang.The proportion of respondents,diagnosed with other sexually transmitted diseases,in Xi'an was higher than that of Xianyang.The proportions of commercial heterosexual sex and sex with temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months were 18.0％ (37/206) and 15.5％ (32/206) in Xi'an,lower than 46.6％ (103/221) and 15.8％ (35/221) in Xianyang (x2 =39.70,P ＜0.01;x2 =-0.01,P=0.93).The proportions of condom use with commercial sex workers or temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months among Xi'an were 37.8％ (14/37) and 6.3％ (2/32),lower than 93.1％ (95/102)and 57.1％ (20/35) in Xianyang (x2=49.06,P＜0.01;x2=19.63,P＜0.01).Conclusion Differences were noticed between Xi'an and Xianyang city in terms of STD and HIV prevalences,behaviors related to commercial sex and use of condoms among the male STD clinic attendees that calling for targeted actions in control of high risk behaviors in both HIV/AIDS and STDs transmission.

HIV infection and associated factors in HIV-antibody positive clients of female sex workers recently reported in Shaanxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of HIV infection and the related factors in HIV antibody positive clients of female sex workers (FSWs) recently reported in Shaanxi province.Methods The HIV/AIDS cases newly diagnosed in males living in Shaanxi from January 1th of 2013 to June 30th of 2014 were selected and those infected through "commercial heterosexual behavior" were identified.The information about their demographic characteristics,previous unprotected heterosexual sex and the sample sources were collected,and serum or plasma samples were collected from them and tested with BED-CEIA.The proportion of recent HIV infections and associated factors were investigated.Results The proportion of recent HIV infection and HIV-antibody detection rate in 212 HIV antibody positive male clients of FSWs were 25.5％ and 6.6％ respectively.The cases who had the educational level of junior middle school or high middle school were wore likely to have long term HIV infections than those with lower educational level (aOR=0.28,95％ CI:0.08-0.93).Compared with patients identified by hospitals or sexually transmitted diseases clinics,recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through preoperative test or blood transfusion test (aOR=3.14,95％ CI:1.06-9.30) and blood donation test (aOR=4.19,95％ CI:1.01-17.42).Compared with the cases who had commercial sex only in Xi'an or other province or both in Xi'an and other province,the cases who had commercial sex in other cities in Shaanxi were more likely to be infected recently (aOR=0.19,95％CI:0.07-0.57).Compared with the cases had temporary heterosexual sex partner,those who had no temporary sex partners were more likely to be infected recently (aOR=9.03,95％CI:3.00-27.18)(P＜0.05).Conclusions The proportion of recent HIV infections among HIV antibody positive clients of FSWs was high and the HIV-antibody detection rate among them was low.The educational level,sample source,geographic area and temporary heterosexual partner were related factors for recent HIV infection.The HIV infection in the clients of FSWs,especially those with lower educational level,was serious in Shaanxi.It is necessary to strengthen behavior intervention and improve HIV defection according to the characteristics of this population

HIV/STD prevalence and related behaviors among male STD clinic attendees in Xi'an and Xianyang cities, Shaanxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare the prevalence of HIV/STD and related health care seeking behaviors among male STD clinic attendees between Xi'an and Xianyang cities.Methods During June and July 2016,206 male STD clinic attendees were studied in Xi'an city,with another 221 male STD clinic attendees in Xianyang city.Cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to collect attendees' behavioral information.Blood samples were collected via HIV/HCV/Syphilis testing.Results The prevalence rate of HIV infection was 2.4％ (5/206) in Xi'an and 0.9％ (2/221) in Xianyang,with no statistical significant difference between the two cities.The prevalence rate of syphilis was 4.9％ (10/206) in Xi'an,which was significantly lower than 13.6％ (30/221) in Xianyang.The proportion of respondents,diagnosed with other sexually transmitted diseases,in Xi'an was higher than that of Xianyang.The proportions of commercial heterosexual sex and sex with temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months were 18.0％ (37/206) and 15.5％ (32/206) in Xi'an,lower than 46.6％ (103/221) and 15.8％ (35/221) in Xianyang (x2 =39.70,P ＜0.01;x2 =-0.01,P=0.93).The proportions of condom use with commercial sex workers or temporary sexual partners in the past 3 months among Xi'an were 37.8％ (14/37) and 6.3％ (2/32),lower than 93.1％ (95/102)and 57.1％ (20/35) in Xianyang (x2=49.06,P＜0.01;x2=19.63,P＜0.01).Conclusion Differences were noticed between Xi'an and Xianyang city in terms of STD and HIV prevalences,behaviors related to commercial sex and use of condoms among the male STD clinic attendees that calling for targeted actions in control of high risk behaviors in both HIV/AIDS and STDs transmission.

HIV infection and associated factors in HIV-antibody positive clients of female sex workers recently reported in Shaanxi province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of HIV infection and the related factors in HIV antibody positive clients of female sex workers (FSWs) recently reported in Shaanxi province.Methods The HIV/AIDS cases newly diagnosed in males living in Shaanxi from January 1th of 2013 to June 30th of 2014 were selected and those infected through "commercial heterosexual behavior" were identified.The information about their demographic characteristics,previous unprotected heterosexual sex and the sample sources were collected,and serum or plasma samples were collected from them and tested with BED-CEIA.The proportion of recent HIV infections and associated factors were investigated.Results The proportion of recent HIV infection and HIV-antibody detection rate in 212 HIV antibody positive male clients of FSWs were 25.5％ and 6.6％ respectively.The cases who had the educational level of junior middle school or high middle school were wore likely to have long term HIV infections than those with lower educational level (aOR=0.28,95％ CI:0.08-0.93).Compared with patients identified by hospitals or sexually transmitted diseases clinics,recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through preoperative test or blood transfusion test (aOR=3.14,95％ CI:1.06-9.30) and blood donation test (aOR=4.19,95％ CI:1.01-17.42).Compared with the cases who had commercial sex only in Xi'an or other province or both in Xi'an and other province,the cases who had commercial sex in other cities in Shaanxi were more likely to be infected recently (aOR=0.19,95％CI:0.07-0.57).Compared with the cases had temporary heterosexual sex partner,those who had no temporary sex partners were more likely to be infected recently (aOR=9.03,95％CI:3.00-27.18)(P＜0.05).Conclusions The proportion of recent HIV infections among HIV antibody positive clients of FSWs was high and the HIV-antibody detection rate among them was low.The educational level,sample source,geographic area and temporary heterosexual partner were related factors for recent HIV infection.The HIV infection in the clients of FSWs,especially those with lower educational level,was serious in Shaanxi.It is necessary to strengthen behavior intervention and improve HIV defection according to the characteristics of this population

Prevalence of informing of HIV infection status during medical care seeking and influential factors among people living with HIV/AIDS / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prevalence of informing doctors of the HIV infection status during medical care seeking and influential factors among people living with HIV/AIDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS in 7 provinces in China, including those receiving HIV test, HIV counsel and HIV infection treatment. The data were analyzed with software SAS 9.2. Chi-square test was used to compare the informing rates in patients with different characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the influential factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 2 432 HIV/AIDS patients, 49.7% (716/1 442) didn't inform the doctors of their HIV infection status actively. The non-active informing rate was 51.9% (559/1 077) in males, 62.9% (212/337) in age group 18-30 years old, 58.1% (555/955) in those with a educational level >primary school, 65.7% (241/367) in those working in private/joint companies or the self employed and 62.5% (197/315) in those living in small cities. The non active informing rate was highest in those infected through sexual contact (66.3%, 275/415). Multivariate logical regression analysis indicated that those infected through illegal blood donation would like to inform of the HIV infection status actively (OR=0.083, 95% CI: 0.049-0.141) , but those working in private/joint companies or the self employed would like not to inform of the HIV infection status actively (OR=1.531, 95% CI: 1.017-2.304).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The non active informing rate of HIV infection status was high in people living with HIV/AIDS. It is necessary to conduct the targeted health education to encourage people living with HIV/AIDS to inform of their HIV infection status actively.</p>

Analysis of HIV Infection and New Infections Detection of AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Focus Groups in Shaanxi Province 2009~2014 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To learn 2009~2014 Shaanxi Province sentinel surveillance six classes of HIV infection focus groups, and estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Methods Used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and Western blot (WB)experiments for the 2009~2014 HIV sentinel surveillance Shaanxi Province Category 6 focus groups conducted a total of 77 778 HIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Results 2009~2014 men who had sex with men and people with HIV infection rate were 3.75%,8.77%,3.50%,5.00%,6.20% and 5.75%,and a slow upward trend;HIV-1 new infection were 5.04%,8.96%,5.01%,5.95%,4.68% and 6.39%,the overall downward trend. Young students,drug addicts,sex workers,pregnant women,and male STD clinic attenders five people with HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were emerging to remain low.But male STD clinic attenders of HIV infection and HIV-1 new in-fection was emerging slowly rising trend.Conclusion Shaanxi MSM HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were high,but HIV-1 new infection had decreased slowly.Emerging trend should continue to increase the population of the intervention ef-forts.The infection rate in other monitoring population was relatively low but a few people on the rise,the need to take the necessary coping methods.

Cloning, Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Environmental Endotoxin Related New Gene / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To amplify and clone human lrg and to predict its function by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The human lrg was amplified by RT-PCR, then identified by sequencing. Function of human lrg was predicted by bioinformatics analysis with Internet and GenBank database. Results The human lrg was amplified and sequenced correctly. Leucine zipper was found in the human lrg series that may have an important function. Conclusion The human lrg gene has been successfully subcloned and its function has been predicted. The result of the present paper will provide data and evidences for the further study on function of human lrg.