Echocardiography in diagnosis of fetal coronary sinus dilation / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic method in fetal coronary sinus (CS) dilation.Methods Totally 145 normal fetuses (normal group) and 72 fetuses of CS dilation (CS group) diagnosed prenatally were retrospectively reviewed.The long axis of coronary sinus was displayed in the non-standard four chamber view and the area of the sagittal view of CS was measured.Transverses scans combined with color Doppler were used to acquire four chamber view,left and right ventricular outflow tract views,three vessel view.In addition,sagittal scans with color Doppler were used to get short-axis view at the level of great arteries,vena cava long axis view,aortic arch view,and ductal arch view.The characteristics of CS were observed.Results CS area of sagittal view was positively correlated with gestational age (normal group:r=0.954,P＜0.05;CSgroup:r=0.904,P＜0.05).In the samegestational weeks,the CS area of the sagittal view in the normal group was less than that in the CS group (all P＜0.01).In CS group,52 fetuses were persistent left superior vena cava,15 fetuses were total anomalous pulmonary venous connection,5 fetuses were associated with right heart pressure overload.Conclusion Fetal CS sagittal section area is positively correlated with gestational age.When the fetal heart ultrasonography found CS dilation,other intracardiac malformations should also be considered.The etilogies of CS dilation should be analyzed clinically through multi-slice,multi-angle scanning.

Ultrasound assessment of abnormal fetal ductus arteriosus / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To analyze the abnormal fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) by echocardiography.Methods Seventy fetuses of abnormal DA diagnosed prenatally were retrospectively reviewed.Transverse scans combined with color Doppler were used to acquire four chamber view,left and right ventricular outflow tract views,three vessel view,and three-vesseltrachea view.In addition,sagittal scans with color Doppler were used to get vena cava long axis view,aortic arch view,and ductal arch view.The spatial relationship of the great arteries and trend of DA were observed.Results Abnormal fetal DA is mainly composed of DA absence,DA abnormal function and DA morphological abnormality.Among 70 cases of fetal DA,9 cases were diagnosed with DA absence,8 cases were DA atresia,11 cases were DA completed closure nearly,9 cases were shown with reverse DA blood perfusion,33 cases were shown with DA curvature and dilatation.Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of DA absence and DA abnormal function is of great significance.Three-vessel-trachea view and ductal arch view combined with CDFI can make a definitive diagnosis.

Progresses of ultrasound in fetuses with restricted and premature closed foramen ovale / 中国介入影像与治疗学

The foramen ovale (FO) is an important intra-atrium communication in fetuses.FO restriction or closure in fetuses with or without congenital heart defects can cause hemodynamics abnormality in utero.Fetal echocardiography plays an irreplaceable role in diagnosis of disease about FO.Progresses of ultrasound in fetuses with restricted or premature closed FO were reviewed in this article.

Application of real-time three-dimensional ultrasound Bi-plane technology in assessment of foramen ovale blood / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the application value of the real-time three-dimensional ultrasound Bi plane technology in evaluation of the foramen ovale blood in fetus.Methods The coronal plane of inferior vena cava entering the right atrium in 186 normal fetuses were obtained.The dimensions of foramen ovale (DFO) and inferior vena cava at the entrance of right atrium (DIVC) were measured in the coronal plane.The ratio of DFO and DIVC (DFO/DIVC) was calculated.The correlation be tween DFO/DIVC and gestational age was analyzed.Results There was no correlation between DFo/DIvc and gestational age (r=0.228,P＞0.05).There were 155 cases during second trimester (21 28 weeks),and the DFO was (4.46±0.57)mm,DIVC was (4.55±1.22)mm,DFO/DIVC was 1.03±0.22.There were 31 cases during late pregnancy (29-36 weeks),and the DFO was (5.20±0.43)mm,DIVC was (5.90±1.33)mm,DFO/DIVC was 0.92±0.17.The mean 95％ confidence interval of DFO/DIVC was (0.98,1.04),the 95％ normal reference range was (0.80,1.44).Conclusion The coronal plane of inferior vena cava entering the right atrium can be obtained with real-time three-dimensional ultrasound Bi-plane technology,the flow from the inferior vena cava enters right atrium which is divided by the upper atrial septum can be observed,which is important in evaluating the foramen ovale blood.