Application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in crop breeding / 生物工程学报

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is composed of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and its associated proteins, which are widely present in bacteria and archaea, serving as a specific immune protection against viral and phage secondary infections. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is the third generation of targeted genome editing technologies following zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs). The CRISPR-Cas9 technology is now widely used in various fields. Firstly, this article introduces the generation, working mechanism and advantages of CRISPR-Cas9 technology; secondly, it reviews the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene knockout, gene knock-in, gene regulation and genome in breeding and domestication of important food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato. Finally, the article summarizes the current problems and challenges encountered by CRISPR-Cas9 technology and prospects future development and application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene polyol esters from the stem and branch of Tripterygium wilfordii / 中国天然药物

The stem and branch extract of Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) afforded seven new dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyesters [tripterysines A-G (1-7)] and eight known ones (8-15). The chemical structures of these new compounds were established based on combinational analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of tripterysines A-C (1-3) and E-G (5-7) were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and circular dichroism spectra. All the compounds were screened for their inhibitory effect on inflammation through determining their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced BV2 macrophages. Compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on NO production with an IC50 value of 8.77 μmol·L-1. Moreover, compound 7 showed the strongest inhibitory effect with the secretion of IL-6 at 27.36%.

Effect of Ningdong Granules on Tourette's Syndrome Concomitant with Sleep Disorder in Children / 医药导报

Objective To observe curative effect of Ningdong granules on tourette syndrome (TS) concomitant with sleep disorder in children.Methods Eighty-three cases were diagnosed by diagnosis and statistics of mental-disorder (DSMIV) TS criterion and diagnostic standard of traditional Chinese medicine,and then were divided into 3 groups:tiapride hydrochloride group (n =25),Ningdong granules group (n =30) and tiapride hydrochloride plus Ningdong granules group (n =28).Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) and Athens insomnia scale (Athens) were used for rating the clinical efficacy before and after treatment.The enrolled children were treated for a period of three months.Results The therapeutic effective rate of TS in tiapride hydrochloride group,Ningdong granules group and tiapride hydrochloride plus Ningdong granules group was 92.0％,90.0％ and 96.4％,respectively.The therapeutic effective rate of sleep disorder was 84.0％,93.3％ and 96.4％,respectively.Mter treatment,YGTSS and Athens scores were significantly changed in all three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Athens score was significantly different between tiapride hydrochloride plus Ningdong granules group and tiapride hydrochloride group (P ＜ 0.05).The total number of adverse reactions was 16,1 and 8,with significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Curative effect of Ningdong granules is similar to that of tiapride hydrochloride on treating TS,but Ningdong granules is more effective than tiapride hydrochloride on treating sleep disorder with less adverse reactions.Combination therapy of Ningdong granules with tiapride hydrochloride is the better choice for treating TS with sleep disorder,and it can also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions of tiapride hydrochloride.

Study on the relationship of serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes to lung cancer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the relationship of serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor re‐lated indexes to lung cancer .Methods Totally 56 patients with lung cancer in our hospital from September 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the observation group ,56 healthy personnel at the same period were selected as the control group ,then the serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes of control group and observation group ,obser‐vation group with different stages and pathological classifications were compared ,and the relationship between serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes and lung cancer were satisfacted with Logistic analysis .Re‐sults The serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes of observation group were all higher than those of control group ,and the serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial grow th factor related inde‐xes of observation group with higher stages were all higher than those of patients with lower stages ,and the levels of patients with adenocarcinoma were all higher than those of patients with squamous cell carcinoma ,and the serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes all had close relationship to the lung cancer (all P<0 .05) .Conclusion The serum pulmonary surfactant protein and vascular endothelial growth factor related indexes all have close relationship to the lung cancer ,and those indexes of patients with lung cancer should be paid more attention .

Long-term effect and radiation side reaction of different boost methods in patients with local remnants of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after curative radiotherapy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the long-term effect and radiation side reaction of different boost methods in patients with local remnants of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after curative radiotherapy Methods Based on the retrospective analysis , 102 patients with local remnants of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, after curative radiotherapy, were enrolled from February 2009 to May 2011. Forty-nine patients received gamma knife boost and 53 patients received 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). The long-term effect and radiation side reaction were compared between the two groups. Results The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year relapse-free survival rate (RFS) in the gamma knife boost group and the 3D-CRT group was 97.8%, 90.0%, 80.8%, and 94.3%,76.1%,72.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences of the overall survival and metastasis-free survival rate wer found in two groups , as well as the long-term radioactive reaction. Conclusion The gamma knife boost is better than 3D-CRT with respect to local control rate , but the long-term radiation side reactions were similar between the methods.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of preconception and prenatal care in Tianjin obstetrics and gynecology personnels / 天津医药

Objective To better understand the knowledge, attitudes, practice (KAP) and relative demand of precon?ception and prenatal care (PAPC) in medical staffs of obstetrics and gynecology department in Tianjin. Methods Using ran?dom, stratified and clustered sampling approach, we selected 382 obstetrics and gynecology personnels in Tianjin. A self-ad?ministered questionnaire on PAPC KAP was employed to survey their general characteristics, their awareness of PAPC knowledge, their attitudes to PAPC, their service capabilities of PAPC and their request of continuing education. Results The respondents were lacking of KAP in Calcium and Iron supplementation, alternative preconception examination and emerging prenatal examination but present good KAP in folic acid supplemen, necessary prenatal items and classic prenatal examination. Doctors′average knowledge score was higher than nurses′. The scores in primary health care institutions was significantly higher than that in tertiary and secondary medical institutions. Young and junior medical respondents showed higher awareness than older and senior ones. Most (91.21%) respondents believe that PAPC is necessary. But 86.54%of re?spondents are not confident enough to provide comprehensive PAPC services. There were 63.74%, 54.67%, 38.74% and 32.42%of the respondents who could provide special PAPC advisory of adverse pregnancy history, thyroid dysfunction, re?productive infections and diabetes respectively. The most urgent training contents include PAPC knowledge in presence of complications or risk factors, advances in prenatal diagnosis, nutrition during pregnancy and consulting skills. Conclusion It′s necessary to intervent obstetrics and gynecology personnels to improve their cognitive level to PAPC, as well as to amelio?rate relative attitudes and behavior so they can provide more scientific and comprehensive PAPC service.

In vivodegradation and biological safety of microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres are derived from degenerated potato plant starch and prepared through special processing. It is an ideal absorbable polymer styptic material with independent intelectual property rights. OBJECTIVE: To observe the degradation of microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres and detect the safety indicators of body fluids by implanting microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres in rats. METHODS:0.1-0.2 g microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres were implanted subcutaneously on the left side of the spine in 12 rats. At the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after implantation,the degradation of microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres in the tissue was observed. Another 15 rats were selected, of which 5 rats were taken as the control group and fed normally, and 10 rats were subjected to anesthesia. Two incisions were made on both sides of the spine, about 5 cm, deep into the muscular layer of 0.3 cm. The right amount of hemostatic microspheres were sprayed on the incisions and covered the entire wound, then the incisions were sutured. The 10 rats were raised normally for 14 days. The various indicators of body fluids such as appearance features, activities, excretion, feeding were detected. Finally, the rats were dissected, and the gross morphology and color changes of main organs were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres buried in rats were completely degraded and absorbed within 7 days. After spraying the right amount of microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres on the incision, the vital signs and biochemical indicators, such as blood and urine tests were all normal. The gross morphology and color of main organs such as liver, spleen, brain and kidney were not found significant anomalies. These results demonstrate that microporous vacuum polysaccharide hemostatic microspheres can be degraded into monosaccharide by amylase and can be completely degraded and absorbed within 7 days, without any side effects to tissues and organs.

Comparison of the artifacts on magnetic resonance imaging caused by different porcelain-fused-to-metals / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The patients with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns who do examination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can cause artifacts. In recent years, researching for MRI artifacts of different porcelain-fused-to-metal materials has been some progress, but there are less quantitatively reports on the MRI artifacts of different porcelain-fused-to-metal materials. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the artifact sizes shown on fast spin-echo T 2-weighted sequence caused by different kinds of porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. METHODS:Forty-eight lower right first molar crown patients who had MRI examination in MRI room were enrol ed. The patients were divided into nickel-chromium al oy group, cobalt-chromium al oy group and titanium crown group. Al patients were examined with fast spin-echo T 2-weighted sequences by means of 1.5 T MRI apparatus. MRI artifacts areas of same sequence on the MRI images of different porcelain-fused-to-metal materials were analyzed with variance test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Forty-five cases appearing to have high signal samples with clearly curved boundary zone that can be measured were selected, 15 cases for each material. Different artifact sizes were produced on the same sequence of different porcelain-fused-to-metal materials, which were (321.67±33.29) mm in the nickel-chromium al oy group, (263.53±34.95) mm2 in the cobalt-chromium al oy group, and (143.67±31.13) mm2 in the titanium crown group. There were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The artifact size is smal est for the titanium crown and largest for the nickel-chromium al oy crown.

Hemostasis effects of microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder on soft tissue trauma / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:A cross-emulsification patented product of microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder was prepared using potatoes as raw material with independent intel ectual property rights. OBJECTIVE:To observe hemostasis effects of microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder on soft tissue trauma. METHODS:A wound, about 3 cm long and 0.5 cm deep, was made on the abdominal soft tissue of rabbits in the experimental group 1, and then microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder, 1.0-2.0 g, was sprayed directly on the wound. In the experimental group 2, a wound, about 3.0 cm long and 1.0 cm deep, was made on the abdominal soft tissue of rabbits, and then microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder, 1.0-2.0 g, was sprayed directly on the wound. Another rabbits with untreated wound served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder formed a“pasty gel”covering the bleeding wound that achieved hemostatic effect. The bleeding time was (15.25±1.04) seconds in the experimental group 1 and (11.25±1.89) seconds in the experimental group 2. The marked effective and effective rates for hemostasis were 87.5%and 100%, respectively. In the control group, the bleeding time was more than 5 minutes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed mild muscle edema, vasodilatation of smal blood vessels, and few scattered endoplasmic neutrophils infiltrated at 24 hours after treatment with microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder;til the 7th day, inflammation subsided, mild fibrosis was visible on muscle tissue surface, the hemostatic powder was completely absorbed, the wound tissue was close to the normal tissue, and there were no significant changes in muscle cells. These findings suggest that microporous polysaccharide hemostatic powder can be used for hemostasis of soft tissue trauma.

Clinical observation of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia in laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the impact of different anesthesia methods on intraoperative and postoperative patients un-dergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery and to explore the ideal anesthetic method for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery .Meth-ods 40 cases of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer ,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ grade ,were selected and randomly divided into two groups .The group A (20 cases) was performed general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and the B group (20 cases) was performed systemic anesthesia .The intraoperative hemodynamics ,respiratory function ,awaking time and awaking quality evaluation were ob-served .Results The airway pressure(Paw ) and PETCO2 in the two groups were increased .The intraoperative hemodynamics in the group A was more stable than those in the group B .The awaking time and awaking quality in the group A were superior to those in the B group .Conclusion Compared with simple general anesthesia ,general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia for laparo-scopic rectal cancer surgery has more stable vital signs and better awaking quality ,whoich is an ideal anesthetic method for laparo-scopic rectal cancer surgery .