Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear / 神经科学通报·英文版

Hearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing research. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells, and in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell reproduction. We then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration, and we summarize current achievements in hair cell regeneration. Lastly, we discuss potential future approaches, such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy, which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.

Mini health technology assessment of weekly preparations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate four weekly preparations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist （GLP-1RA） marketed in China，and to provide evidence for hospitals to optimize drug catalogs and clinical rational drug use. METHODS Mini health technology assessment method was used to establish detailed evaluation rules according to A Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions， and conduct comprehensive evaluation of four GLP- 1RA weekly preparations from aspects of pharmaceutical characteristics， effectiveness， safety， economy and other attributes. RESULTS Mini health technology assessment scores of the four GLP-1RA weekly preparations from high to low were dulaglutide 78.60 points， semaglutide 77.35 points，polyethylene glycol loxenatide 67.40 points， and exenatide microspheres 65.50 points， respectively. Dulaglutide had advantages in reducing blood sugar， arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease， kidney benefits， and cost- effectiveness. Semaglutide had advantages in reducing blood sugar and weight loss， but its cost-effectiveness was lower than that of dulaglutide. Exenatide microspheres had advantages in the use of children， but its daily average treatment cost is the highest. Polyethylene glycol loxenatide needed further clinical evidence. CONCLUSIONS Four GLP-1RA weekly preparations all have high pharmaceutical comprehensive scores. Dulaglutide and semaglutide may have more comprehensive pharmaceutical value among them， while the use of exenatide microspheres for children is unique.

Development of fluorine-substituted NH2-biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines as highly potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Boosting the safety and metabolic stability

Our recent studies for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors identified a highly potent compound JK-4b against WT HIV-1 (EC50 = 1.0 nmol/L), but the poor metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (t 1/2 = 14.6 min) and insufficient selectivity (SI = 2059) with high cytotoxicity (CC50 = 2.08 μmol/L) remained major issues associated with JK-4b. The present efforts were devoted to the introduction of fluorine into the biphenyl ring of JK-4b, leading to the discovery of a novel series of fluorine-substituted NH2-biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines with noticeable inhibitory activity toward WT HIV-1 strain (EC50 = 1.8-349 nmol/L). The best compound 5t in this collection (EC50 = 1.8 nmol/L, CC50 = 117 μmol/L) was 32-fold in selectivity (SI = 66,443) compared to JK-4b and showed remarkable potency toward clinically multiple mutant strains, such as L100I, K103N, E138K, and Y181C. The metabolic stability of 5t was also significantly improved (t 1/2 = 74.52 min), approximately 5-fold higher than JK-4b in human liver microsomes (t 1/2 = 14.6 min). Also, 5t possessed good stability in both human and monkey plasma. No significant in vitro inhibition effect toward CYP enzyme and hERG was observed. The single-dose acute toxicity test did not induce mice death or obvious pathological damage. These findings pave the way for further development of 5t as a drug candidate.

Teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai and its association with screening myopia applying multilevel models / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools and explore its association with myopia, so as to provide a basis for precision myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#From September to October 2020, a stratified cluster sampling method was used in 16 districts of Shanghai. After matching the teaching environment testing classrooms with the classrooms where the students were surveyed, totally 470 classrooms and 14 624 students were monitored. Trained professional technicians used laser range finder, luxmeter to measure parameters about teaching environmental health. Students were subject vision testing and questionnaires. Multilevel models was used to analyze the association between teaching environment and screening myopia.@*Results@#The qualified rates of each indicators of teaching environmental health were as follows: window to floor area ratio (93.0%), classroom area per capita (82.1%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of blackboard ( 79.7% ), blackboard size (68.7%), daylight factor (67.0%), blackboard hanging height (66.9%), average illuminance on desk (66.4%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of desk (63.6%), reflectance of blackboard (46.8%), average illuminance on blackboard (41.4%), reflectance of wall (33.2%), desk and chair allocation compliance rate (19.8%). The results of two level Logistic model analysis showed that unqualified average illuminance on blackboard was positively associated with screening myopia ( OR =1.24, 95% CI = 1.05 -1.47, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Teaching environmental health of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai is not optimistic, teaching environment especially the desk and chair allocation compliance rate need to be improved. The average illumination on blackboard is positively correlated with screening myopia, suggesting that myopia prevention and control can focus on improving the illuminance on blackboard.

Identification of antibody against highly prevalent antigen through serological test and molecular biology technology / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To identify a case of antibody against highly prevalent antigen through molecular biology technology. 【Methods】 Blood group typing, unexpected antibody identification and cross matching were performed by serological test, and genetic testing of Diego blood group was performed by molecular biology technology. 【Results】 Serological test showed that there was a high prevalence of anti-Dib in the serum of the patient. Gene sequencing showed that the genotype of the patient was Di(a+b-) . Two cases with Di(a+b-) matched with the patient were screened from 856 blood donors. 【Conclusion】 The combined detection method based on serological test supplemented by molecular biology technology is beneficial to the detection of antibody against highly prevalent antigens, and is of great significance for ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Changes and health equity of low vision among children and adolescents in Chongqing during 2018 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand changes and health equity of low vision in children and adolescents in Chongqing, and to provide reference for student myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#Using longitudinal studies, all school students in grades 1 to grade 12 in Chongqing were examined for visual acuity during 2018 to 2021, and the prevalence as well as changes of low vision were analyzed. In 2021, stratified random sampling was used to evaluate the health equity of uncorrected visual acuity and diopter(spherical equivalent, SE).@*Results@#The prevalence of low vision for children and adolescents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021 was 54.12%, 58.17%, 60.03% and 58.20% respectively. Low vision showed an increasing trend in the first three years and decreased by 1.83% in 2021 as compared with 2020( χ 2 trend =13 870.45, P <0.01). The difference in the detection rate of poor vision among students in different grades was statistically significant( χ 2=17 396.36, 2 093.95, 771.87, P <0.01). From 2018 to 2021, the detection rate of low vision in girls was higher than that of boys( P <0.01). The Gini coefficient was 0.054 57 for uncorrected visual acuity in urban area, higher than in rural areas (0.035 94). Meanwhile, the Gini coefficient of urban and rural SE was 0.065 82, higher than the country (0.049 30). The results showed that myopia in children and adolescents was more uneven in urban areas.@*Conclusion@#The adjustment of myopia prevention and control strategies in the late stage of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic is related to the reduction of the detection rate of poor vision in children and adolescents in Chongqing. Low vision varied by grade and gender, suggesting tailored myopia prevention and control strategy. The detection rate of poor vision in cities is more uneven than in rural areas, and different myopia prevention and control measures need to be implemented according to regional characteristics.

The teachers′ experience of nursing practice teaching collaboration between Guangdong and Macao under the background of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the experience of teachers from Guangdong and Macao in nursing teaching cooperation, the existing problems in current teaching cooperation and suggestions for improvement.Methods:From January to April 2021, using descriptive qualitative method to conduct in-depth among eight clinical tutors from The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University who teach Macao nursing students, and four teachers from Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macao using the purposive sampling method. And adopted content analysis for data analysis.Results:A total of 4 themes and 2 sub-themes were analyzed: the positive impact of cross-border teaching cooperation projects including developed the nursing business of the two places and deepened the cooperative relationship between the two places; limiting the depth and breadth of knowledge transfer because of the short cross-border learning time; the imbalance between students′ abilities and teachers′ expectations; expectations for homogeneous internships for heterogeneous groups.Conclusions:Cross-border nursing teaching cooperation is an important promoter for the development of nursing education between Guangdong and Macao, but there are still deficiencies in cooperation, and it is necessary for the two places to strengthen the construction of a sharing platform for teaching resources to promote the development of nursing education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Distribution frequency of low-frequency antigen in Kidd, Duffy, MNS, Kell and Diego blood group systems among blood donors, Chongqing area / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the distribution frequency of RBC rare blood group among blood donors in Chongqing, so as to provide basic data for the establishment of regional rare blood group donor database. 【Methods】 A total of 14 805 voluntary blood donors of Chongqing Blood Center from December 2020 to May 2021 were screened for Jk(a-b-) phenotype of Kidd blood group system by urea hemolysis test and confirmed by saline agglutination test. The indirect anti-globulin test was used to screen the Fy(a-) phenotype of Duffy blood group system, s-phenotype of the MNS blood group system and k- phenotype of Kell blood group system in 1 466 O type blood donors. The polyamine test was used to screen the Di(b-) phenotype of Diego blood group system in 856 voluntary blood donors, and confirmed by anti-globulin test. 【Results】 Among the voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, the proportion of Jk(a-b-) phenotype was 0.0203% (3/14 805). The ratio of both Fy(a-b+ ) and S+ s- phenotype among type O blood donors was 0.136 4% (2/1 466), and k- phenotype was not seen. The proportion of Di(a+ b-) phenotype among 856 blood donors was 0.233 6% (2/826). 【Conclusion】 The distribution frequency of rare blood group antigens in the above five blood group systems in Chongqing voluntary blood donors presents regional characteristics.

Risk factors for intensive care unit delirium after cardiac operation / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective? ?To?analyze?the?risk?factors?of?delirium?in?patients?in?cardiac?surgery?intensive?care?unit?(CSICU).? Methods? A?prospective?observational?study?was?performed.?Patients?admitted?to?CSICU?of?Fujian?Medical?University?Union?Hospital?from?March?to?August?in?2017?were?enrolled.?The?combination?of?the?Richmond?agitation?sedation?scale?(RASS)?and?the?ICU-confusion?assessment?method?(CAM-ICU)?were?used?to?evaluate?delirium.?The?patient?was?assessed?on?the?second?day?after?CSICU?admission,?twice?a?day,?the?evaluation?was?stopped,?and?the?follow-up??observation?was?terminated?after?the?patient?was?discharged?from?CSICU.?The?patients?were?divided?into?two?groups?according?to?whether?delirium?occurred?in?CSICU.?The?general?and?clinical?treatment?data?(including?condition,?operation,?anesthesia?and?CSICU?treatment)?of?the?two?groups?were?compared.?The?related?factors?of?delirium?were?identified?by?univariate?analysis?and?multifactor?Logistic?regression?analysis.? Results? A?total?of?318?cases?were?included?in?this?study.?Among?them,?93?cases?had?delirium?and?the?incidence?of?delirium?was?29.2%.?It?was?shown?by?univariate?analysis?that?age,?history?of?hypertension,?type?of?surgery,?surgical?procedure,?American?Society?of?Anesthesiologists?(ASA)?anesthesia?classification,?usage?of?propofol,?plasma?transfusion,?red?blood?cells,?platelet?transfusion,?blood?loss,?operative?time,?cardiopulmonary?bypass?(CPB)?time,?myocardial?block?time,?acute?physiology?and?chronic?health?evaluation?Ⅱ?(APACHEⅡ),?duration?of?mechanical?ventilation,?the?length?of?intensive?care?unit?(ICU)?stay,?postoperative?usage?of?diazepam,?midazolam,?fentanyl,?morphine,?chlorpromazine,?etc.?which?were?related?to?delirium,?and?occupation?? (on-the-job?or?self-employed),?medical?insurance?(city?or?provincial?medical?insurance),?education?(primary?to?junior?high?school,?high?school?or?above)?could?reduce?the?risk?of?delirium.?Colinearity?diagnosis?was?performed?on?variables?with?statistically?significant?differences,?and?variables?with?variance?expansion?factor?(VIF)?<?3?were?included?in?multivariate?Logistic?regression?analysis.?The?results?showed?that?age,?education?level,?type?of?surgery,?ASA?classification,?CPB?time,?APACHEⅡ,?ICU?mechanical?ventilation?time,?and?post?operation?usage?of?midazolam?were?independently?related?to?delirium?[age:?odds?ratio?(OR)?=?1.625,?95%?confidence?interval?(95%CI)?=?1.303-2.026;?education?level:?OR?=?0.293,?95%CI =?0.171-0.504;?type?of?surgery:?OR?=?2.194,?95%CI =?1.052-4.576;?ASA?classification:?OR?=?1.916,?95%CI =?1.032-3.559;?CPB?time:?OR =?2.125,?95%CI =?1.105-4.088;?APACHEⅡ:?OR =?2.091,?95%CI =?1.005-4.349;?ICU?mechanical?ventilation?time:?OR =?1.943,?95%CI?=?1.269-2.975;?midazolam:?OR =?2.653,?95%CI =?1.328-5.299;?all?P?<?0.05],?among?which,?high?education?level?has?a?good?protective?effect?on?delirium.? Conclusions? Age,?type?of?surgery,?ASA?classification,?CPB?time,?APACHEⅡ,?ICU?mechanical?ventilation?time,?post?operation?usage?of?midazolam?were?independent?risk?factors?for?delirium,?and?high?education?level?had?a?good?protective?effect.?Among?them,?the?educational?level,?CPB?time,?duration?of?mechanical?ventilation,?and?midazolam?are?intervention?factors.?In?clinical?treatment,?not?only?the?risk?factors?should?be?identified,?but?also?intervention?should?be?taken?to?prevent?the?occurrence?of?delirium.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire / 中华护理杂志

Objective To translate the English vcrsion of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ) into Chinese,and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ-C).Methods The ESQ-C was translated from the ESQ and back-translated,Delphi tcchnique was used to conduct cultural adaption.The reliability and validity of ESQ-C were tested in 313 cardiac surgery ICU patients.Results The ESQ-C contained 42 items.Eight factors that explained 51.803％ of the variance were extracted after exploratory factor analysis.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.851,the odd-even split-half reliability was 0.888.Conclusion ESQ-C was proved to be valid and reliable.It's a valuablc tool to assess the environment stressors of ICU patients in China.

Risk factors analysis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care unit traumatic patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurrence in intensive care unit (ICU) traumatic patients. Methods Clinical data of traumatic patients in ICU of the People's Hospital of Liangping in Chongqing from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the outcomes, the patients were divided into ARDS group and non-ARDS group. The differences of demographic indexes (gender, age), time of admission, type of injury, atrial fibrillation, trachea cannula, multiple injury, open injury, shock, surgery, blood transfusion, central venous indwelling catheter, infection, and blood routine indexes [white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT), plateletcytocrit (PCT), hematocrit (Hct)], biochemical indexes [total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (SCr), blood sodium, blood calcium, blood potassium, blood glucose], arterial blood gas analysis indexes [partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), blood pH], coagulation indicators [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fib)], injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) within 24 hours of admission, and the length of ICU stay between the two groups were analyzed, and the possible influencing factors were screened out. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ARDS in patients with severe trauma, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate its predictive value. Results A total of 303 patients with severe trauma, including 223 males and 80 females, were enrolled. The average age was (52.98±17.03) years old. ARDS occurred in 149 cases (49.17%), including 114 males and 35 females. Compared with the non-ARDS group, the ARDS group had older age, higher rates of traffic injuries, endotracheal intubation and infection, higher blood sugar, PaO2/FiO2, TT, ISS, NISS and SOFA, lower GCS and longer the length of ICU stay. Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia, PaO2/FiO2anomalies and increased SOFA score were independent risk factors for ARDS in ICU trauma patients [blood glucose > 6.10 mmol/L:odds ratios (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.20-6.19, P = 0.017; PaO2/FiO2< 400 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa): OR = 7.40, 95%CI = 1.59-34.37, P = 0.011; SOFA > 5: OR = 2.92, 95%CI = 1.63-5.21, P < 0.001]. ROC curve analysis showed that blood glucose, SOFA and PaO2/FiO2could predict ARDS in ICU trauma patients, with the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.65, 0.70 and 0.75, respectively (all P < 0.01). The predictive value of PaO2/FiO2was better, when the cut-off value was 275 mmHg, the sensitivity was 85.89% and specificity was 70.29%. Conclusion The traumatic patients on admission with hyperglycemia, abnormal PaO2/FiO2and increased SOFA score are more susceptible to ARDS occurrence.

Progress on nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 transcription factors in sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Sepsis is a critical complication of severe trauma, large area burns, infection, and major surgery etc., which can induce septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and its incidence and mortality are always high. Nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf 2) is an important transcription factor of antioxidant stress response. It plays a key role in the treatment of sepsis by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme and phase Ⅱ detoxification enzyme mediated by antioxidant response element (ARE). In this article we review the changes, related regulation mechanism and reversing measures of Nrf 2 in sepsis, aiming to provide a reference for the effective intervention measures of sepsis.

Progress of therapeutic strategies for glucose metabolic disorders in sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Glucose metabolic disorder is a common issue in sepsis and it leads to an increase in mortality. However, the therapeutic methods of the glucose metabolic disorders in sepsis patients need to be improved. Studying the mechanism of glucose metabolism disorder, and adjusting the existing treatment measures are especially significant in curing the sepsis. This review summarizes recent animal experiments and clinical studies about glucose change after septic complications, focusing on the treatment of three disorders including hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and blood glucose variability. They definitely provide new ideas for the control of blood glucose in sepsis patients.

Establishment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome early warning score in patients with severe trauma and its clinical significance: a multicenter study / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the risk factors of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in severe trauma patients, put forward a new warning scoring system of MODS, and to provide a more accurate scoring method for doctors to judge the clinical condition and prognosis of patients. Methods Clinical data of 342 patients with severe trauma admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College and Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into MODS groups (n = 251) and non-MODS group (n = 91) according to clinical outcomes. The clinical data of patients, including gender, age, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure within 24 hours after admission to the hospital, indicators of blood routine and blood biochemistry, severity of disease, severity of trauma, whether received the emergency intubation or surgery within 24 hours or not, whether developed sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during hospitalization, were recorded, and univariate analysis was conducted. The indicators with statistical significance found by univariate analysis were enrolled in multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the risk factors for MODS in patients with severe trauma were screened and assigned, and the final total score was MODS warning score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate MODS warning score for predicting the occurrence of MODS in patients with severe trauma. Results Compared with non-MODS group, HR, Na+, serum creatinine (SCr), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in MODS group were significantly increased, pH value, red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), albumin (Alb) and Glasgow coma score (GCS) were remarkably decreased, and multiple injury, the patients with shock at admission, blood transfusion, central venous catheter, emergency intubation and infection were also increased, and more patients suffered from sepsis and ARDS. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of injured places equal or more than 2, shock at admission, APACHEⅡ score ≥ 15, SOFA score ≥ 4 and APTT > 40 s were risk factors for MODS in patients with severe trauma, with total MODS warning score of 7.5. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of MODS warning score for predicting MODS in patients with severe trauma was 0.822, which was significantly higher than that of APACHEⅡ score (AUC = 0.698, P < 0.001), APTT (AUC = 0.693, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (AUC = 0.770, P = 0.025). When the cut-off value of MODS warning score was 2.5, the sensitivity was 61.35%, the specificity was 90.11%, and Youden index was 0.515. Conclusions MODS warning score is composed of five factors, including the number of injured places, shock at admission, APACHEⅡ score, SOFA score and APTT, which could be regarded as early warning score system for predicting MODS in patients with severe trauma. MODS warning score can be more comprehensive and timely to assess the possibility of MODS and prognosis of patients with severe trauma, and the prediction result is better than the single use of APTT, APACHEⅡ or SOFA score.

Comparison of choroid thickness difference between myopia children corrected by spectacles and orthokeratology / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate choroid thickness at horizontal meridian with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare the choroid thickness difference between first visit myopia children with those children who wear orthokeratology lens for more than 1 year.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 68 myopia children with low to moderate myopia (-1.00--6.00 D) who visited our hospital and took choroid images by OCT.The total subjects were divided into 2 groups.The subjects of 34 children in group 1 visited for myopia initially and wear spectacles.The other one group wear orthokeratology lens more than 1 year.Only the data of right eye were analyzed.Scans through the fovea at horizontal meridian were acquired with OCT.Choroid images were detected by custom software with 500 μm intervals up to 3.5 mm around fovea.Choroid thickness (CT) was calc~ated based on the average of the 7 zones.Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate choroid thickness at each zone.ANOVA was used to compare choroid thickness differences between various zones in each group.Paired t test was used to compare choroid thickness difference at the same zone between two groups.Results The mean age of OK lens group was (12.3 ± 1.8) years old,and the spectacles group was (11.8 ± 1.4) years old,there was no statistical difference.From temple to nasal choroid,the mean CT of the orthokeratology lens group were (296.7 ± 61.8) μm (T3),(290.7 ± 58.9) μm (T2),(285.7 ± 57.4) μm (T1),(278.5 ±57.7) μm (M),(262.2 ±57.9) μm (N1),(239.8 ±59.7) μm (N2),(214.7 ±59.0) μm (N3);And the mean CT of the spectacles group were (294.2 ± 45.4) μm (T3),(292.0±44.0) μm (T2),(283.6 ±45.5) μm (T1),(272.0 ±51.6) μm (M),(255.2 ± 56.3) μm (N1),(236.5 ±58.1)μm (N2),(212.8 ±57.7) μm (N3),respectively.The thicknesses were significantly thicker in temple zones than that in nasal zones in each group (all P ＜ 0.05),but the CT was not significantly different between the two groups in each zone (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The choroid thickness has regional deference in myopia children,the thickest is in the temple and the thinnest in the nasal region.There is no significant difference between the children who initially corrected by spectacles and those who wear OK lens more than 1 year.

Relationship between blood pressure and body mass index,waist-to-height ratio and body surface area among 7-to-13 year old children in Jinpan district,Haikou city / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To survye the relationshi p between blood pressure and body mass index ( BMI) ,waist-to-height ratio( WHtR) and body surface area( BSA) amogn 7 to 13 years old children in Jin-pan id strict,Haikou city.Methods A total of 1 018 school-age children aged from 7 to 13 years old were se-lected from two elementary schools in Jinpan distir ct,Haikou cti y.Blo odp ressure,height, weight and wa ist circumferencew ere measuredi n all children.BMI,WHtR,BSA were calculated and statistci al analyis s was performed by SPSS 22.0 software.Results The Pearson Correlation Coefficient of BMI and bloodp er ssure showed that BMI was posti vely correlatde with ob th systolic and id astoil c blood pressure(r=0.489,0.454, P<0.01,respective ly).The Pearos n Correlation Cofe ficient of WHtR and blood pressure showed that WHtR was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure(r=0.294,0.310,P<0.01,respec-tively) .The Pearson Correlation Coefficient of BSA and blood pressure showed that BSA was positively cor-related with both systolic and diastolic blood per ssure(r=0.603,0.520,P<0.01,respectively).The WHtR adn BSA of hypetr ension group were higher than those of the non-hypertension group( P<0.01) in both male and female children.Conclusion The blood pressure in 7 to 13 years old school-age children of Jinpan dis-trict,Haikou city is related to the BMI,WHtR and BSA respectively.

Effect of Grain-sized Moxibustion on Cancer-related Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Malignant Tumor / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of grain-sized moxibustion in treating cancer-related fatigue and improving the quality of life of patients with malignant tumor. Method Forty-six patients with malignant tumor were randomized into a grain-sized moxibustion group and a control group. The grain-sized moxibustion group received grain-sized moxibustion plus regular treatment, while the control group received the regular treatment only. The cancer-related fatigue intensity [Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS)], white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. The correlation between cancer-related fatigue and the observed indexes was also analyzed. Result The grain-sized moxibustion group was better than the control group in mitigating the cancer-related fatigue, up-regulating hemoglobin level, and improving the symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion Grain-sized moxibustion can effectively mitigate cancer-related fatigue via improving anemia condition and the symptoms of malignant tumor patients, and it can also enhance the quality of life of the patients.

Interleukin 10 knockout increases renal fibrosis of ischemia-reperfusion injury model mice / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the effect of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) on renal repair after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.Methods Eighteen IL-10-/-mice (KO) aged 8-10 weeks and 18 C57BL/6 wild type mice (WT) aged 8-10 weeks were divided into control group (Sham) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group.The renal tissue morphology change was observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining.The expressions of IL-18, Ki67 and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of TGF-beta1 and IL-18 were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with that in WT-IRI group, in KO-IRI group renal pathological damage was more severe, renal interstitial fibrosis was visible, Ki67 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells decreased distinctly (P＜0.01), the expression of TGF-betal increased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion Repair slows down significantly after kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and fibrosis occurs gradually in IL-10-/-mice, eventually progressing to chronic kidney disease.

Analysis of associated risk factors of childhood primary hypertension / 中国小儿急救医学

The prevalence of childhood primary hypertension is increasing each year,not only bring-ing symptoms to these children,but also causing damage to multiple target organs such as heart,kidney,blood vessels,eyes and nerve system. Childhood hypertension is a risk factor of adult hypertension. Paying atten-tion to and preventing childhood hypertension has become a public health challenge. There are many associat-ed risk factors for childhood primary hypertension,including parental hypertension,overweight and obesity, low birth weight,and so forth. From the analysis of these factors,suggestions can be given about how to pre-vent childhood primary hypertension.

Role of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase alpha on renal inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion injury and its associated mechanism / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To reveal the role of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) in renal inflammation after renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and its potential associated mechanism.Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury models were induced in a total of 24 healthy C57BL/6 male mice.Renal function and histological changes were estimated.The expression and site of IKKα,p52,RelB,IL-10 and IL-18 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.After the short hairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting IKKα was injected into renal parenchyma,renal function and protein expressions of IKKα,p52,RelB,IL-10,IL-18 were detected.Results Compared with sham-operated group[Scr(7.30±0.13) μmol/L,BUN (8.39± 0.30) mmol/L],levels of Scr [(29.80± 2.10)μmol/L,(27.00±3.40) μmol/L,(23.00±3.70) μmol/L] and BUN [(9.47±3.50) mmol/L,(11.68 ±4.30)mmol/L,(13.12±2.10) mmol/L] were higher on day 1,3,7 and the injury of kidney was serious in IR injury group.Immunohistochemical expression of both IL-18 and IL-10 were increased.Markedly increased IKKα,p52 and RelB protein expression were noted in experiments from day 1 to day 7 during kidney recovery period,with a peak on day 3 and then decreasing toward baseline after day 7.Compared with IR injury group,low-expression of IKKα by injection of shRNA up-regulated the expression of IL-18 and down-regulated the expression of IKKα,p52,RelB and IL-10.Conclusions The NF-κB pathway is activated and IKKα expression is up-regulated during the kidney ischemiareperfusion injury,low-expression of IKKα may block inflammation resolution via down-regulation of alternative NF-κB pathway family members of both p52 and RelB.