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Background Metallic nickel and nickel compounds are classified as possibly carcinogic and carninogic to humans respectively, but the exact carcinogenic mechanism has not been clarified. Objective To analyze the carcinogenic research trend and hotspots of nickel and nickel compounds, and provide research directions for this topic. Methods Literature search on the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds was conducted through authoritative databases at home and abroad: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed at the US National Library of Medicine, and Elsevier’s biomedical research database EMBASE. VOS viewer 1.6.17 visual analysis software was applied to perform the bibliometric analysis and present results with charts on annual number of publications, distribution of author’s affiliations, country/region distribution, journal distribution, and keywords of literature that meet a predetermined inclusion criteria. Results A total of 242 Chinese documents and 878 foreign documents (languages included English, German, and Japanese) related to the carcinogenic research of nickel and nickel compounds were found. In terms of Chinese articles, the earliest publication of relevant research was in 1974; Guangzhou Medical University (including Guangzhou Medical College and Institute of Chemical Carcinogenesis of Guangzhou Medical College) was the institution that published most articles in this field (35 articles); Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases was the journal that published the most articles (19 articles). In terms of foreign articles, the earliest publication was in 1950; the United States ranked the country having the highest number of published articles (304 articles), and China took the second place (83 articles); Cancer Research was the journal that published the most articles (40 articles). The keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that the domestic studies on the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds mainly focused on nickel smelting fume, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and other nickel and its compounds in association with DNA damage, DNA methylation, induction of human bronchial epithelial cell transformation, and other carcinogenic mechanisms. The international studies focused on population epidemiological studies on occupational risk factors, incidence, and mortality on carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds, and studies on histone modification, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell transformation, and other carcinogenic mechanisms. Conclusion Studies have shown that the hotspots of carcinogenic research on nickel and nickel compounds involved studies on carcinogenic mechanisms related to DNA damage, DNA methylation, histone modification, oxidative stress, and induction of human bronchial epithelial cell transformation, and population epidemiological studies on occupational risk factors, incidence, and mortality. In recent years, the number of published articles on the carcinogenesis of nickel and its compounds in China has been decreasing. In view of the large number of occupational nickel-exposed population in China, more efforts should be made to study the carcinogenesis of nickel and nickel compounds in the future.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of hyperuricemia on the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using propensity score matching (PSM) method.Methods:IgAN patients proven by biopsy were included. PSM was used to match patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of hyperuricemia on IgAN prognosis. Primary outcome events were defined as death, or end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 40%. Renal outcome was defined as end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in eGFR greater than 40%.Results:A total of 1 454 IgAN patients were included in this study, including 850 females and 604 males. Uric acid level was (368.26±92.87) μmol/L in the males, and (277.23±92.71) μmol/L in the females. The median follow-up time was 85.00(56.10, 106.33) months. During the follow-up period, a total of 134 patients reached the primary outcome events, including 5 deaths, 24 dialysis patients, 5 kidney transplant patients, and 100 patients with eGFR decreased by more than 40%. After 1∶1 matching, 131 males and 159 females in the hyperuricemia group were successfully matched with 131 males and 159 females in the normal uric acid group, and there was no significant statistical difference in each parameter in baseline between the hyperuricemia group and normal uric acid group after matching. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that either before or after matching, the incidence of primary outcome events in male or female patients with hyperuricemia was higher than those with normal uric acid, but there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of primary outcome events between female hyperuricemia group and female normal uric acid group after matching (Log-rank test, χ2=3.586, P=0.058). Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that, in the pre-match fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio ( HR) of entering primary outcome events was 2.29-fold (95% CI 1.27-4.11, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.01-3.37, P=0.045) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering primary outcome events was 2.41-fold (95% CI 1.18-4.93, P=0.016) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.83-fold (95% CI 0.91-3.67, P=0.091) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the pre-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.68-fold (95% CI 1.47-4.88, P=0.001) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.99-3.33, P=0.056) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.89-fold (95% CI 1.36-6.15, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.88-3.72, P=0.106) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. Conclusion:Hyperuricemia may be associated with IgAN progression, and it has a more significant effect on male IgAN patients.
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Objective:To explore the effects of screen exposure on morbidity risk in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or language retardation.Methods:In a case-control study, 64 children with autism spectrum disorder were selected as the ASD group, 64 children with language retardation as the language retardation group, and 52 normal children as the control group. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis and other statistical methods of SPSS 17.0 software were used to analyze the data.The differences of screen exposure between the case groups and control group were compared to analyze the effects of screen exposure on the diseases. Results:There were statistically significant differences in daily cumulative screen time ( F=27.758), duration of screen exposure ( F=12.516), first-time exposure to screen(χ 2 = 13.749) and parents' explanation during screen contact(χ 2 = 16.368) among the three group (all P<0.05). The proportion of first-time exposure to screen before 1 year old was 65.62% (42/64) in ASD group, 40.63% (26/64) in language retardation group and 33.33%(17/51) in control group. Compared with the control group ((1.42±1.44)h), the ASD group ((4.04±2.00)h) and the language delay group ((3.53±2.07)h) had longer daily cumulative screen time, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Compared with the control group ((6.14±4.59) months), children in the ASD group ((11.97±7.32) months) or the language retardation group ((9.96±5.15) months) had the longer duration of screen exposure, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, parents in ASD group and language retardation group elaborated less while the children were exposed to screen, the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that cumulative daily exposure time less than 2 hours ( β=-5.338, OR=0.005, 95% CI=0.001-0.120), democratically parenting style ( β=-3.279, OR=0.038, 95% CI=0.003-0.554), paternal age less than 35 years old ( β=-5.432, OR=0.004, 95% CI=0.001-0.691) were protective factors for autism spectrum disorder, while paternal education level below junior college was a risk factor ( β=3.125, OR=22.755, 95% CI=1.866-277.463). Cumulative exposure time less than 2 hours per day ( β=-3.357, OR=0.035, 95% CI=0.002-0.526) was a protective factor for language retardation, and paternal education less than college degree ( β=2.740, OR=15.482, 95% CI=1.350-177.573) was a risk factor for language retardation. Conclusion:Excessive screen exposure has certain effects on morbidity risk of autism spectrum disorder and language retardation, which should be paid more attention to.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of birth weight discordance in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 1 757 cases of DCDA twin pregnancies from 11 Chinese hospitals from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017. Birth weight discordance was defined as ≥ 20% difference between the twins. All cases were divided into two groups: the concordant group ( n=1 520) and discordant group ( n=237). General information was compared and the high-risk factors of birth weight discordance were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were used as statistical methods. Results:Compared with the concordant group, the discordant group showed a higher incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [24.5% (58/237) vs 12.8% (194/1 520), χ2=22.882, P<0.05], fetal structural malformations [4.2% (10/237) vs 1.0% (15/1 520), χ2=15.160, P<0.05], fetal distress [6.3% (15/237) vs 1.4% (21/1 520), χ2=22.602, P<0.05], umbilical cord abnormalities [3.8% (9/237) vs 1.2% (18/1 520), χ2=7.607, P<0.05] and abnormal placental cord insertion [3.8% (9/237) vs 1.4% (21/1 520), χ2=34.904, P<0.05], but lower incidence of premature rupture of membranes [11.0% (26/237) vs 16.5% (250/1 520), χ2=4.645, P=0.034]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of birth weight discordance in DCDA twins were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ( OR=2.258, 95% CI: 1.620-3.184, P<0.001), fetal structural malformations ( OR=4.268, 95% CI: 1.892-9.631, P<0.001), umbilical cord abnormalities ( OR=2.889, 95% CI: 1.245-6.705, P=0.014) and abnormal placental cord insertion ( OR=2.318, 95% CI: 1.012-5.311, P=0.047). Conclusions:Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal structural malformations, umbilical cord abnormalities and abnormal placental cord insertion may be the risk factors of birth weight discordance in DCDA twins.
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Objective To assess the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the ablation of feeding-artery in uterine fibroids.Methods A total of 45 women with uterine fibroids who had children accepted HIFU treatment.Color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were used to target the supply vessels entered the fibroid.HIFU treatment was focused primarily on locations where supplying vessels entered the fibroid.Conventional ultrasound,color Doppler ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MRI were performed before and after HIFU treatment to observe the changes of imaging.Results After HIFU treatment,the volume of uterine fibroids decreased to certain extent.The blood signals decreased or disappeared in the treated regions.Bewteen two groups of the uterine fibroids diamete ≥5 cm and ＜5 cm,there were significant differences in the percentage of the nonperfusion regions in the volume of uterine fibroids (≥70％,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Ablation of feeding artery by HIFU is an effective treatment for the uterine fibroids.HIFU treatment is effective for the ablation of feeding-artery in uterine fibroids whose diameter less than 5 cm.
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AIM: To explore the mechanism of Nao-re-qing oral liquid (NRQ) decreasing endotoxin (ET)-induced fever in rabbits. METHODS: (1) The ET-induced fever model was established in rabbits. Febrile response of rabbits was observed. (2) The arginine vasopressin (AVP) content in the ventral septal area (VSA),and cAMP content in hypothalarmus (HP) and CSF were determined by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: (1) In ET group,the maximal increment in body temperature (?T) [(1.80?0.16) ℃],6 h thermal respone index (TRI_6)(11.31?0.20),the cAMP content in the HP [(1.35?0.21)nmol/g],the cAMP content in CSF [(66.69?1.82) nmol/L] and AVP content in the VSA [(30.80?9.59)ng/g ] were significantly higher than those in NRQ+ET group[?T(0.82?0.08) ℃,TRI_6(5.73?0.09),HP: cAMP(0.70?0.50)nmol/g,CSF: cAMP(56.86?1.34),AVP:(11.91?3.47)ng/g]( P
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AIM: To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Naoreqing (NRQ) oral liquid, a Chinese medicine. METHODS: ① Fever models of rabbits were established by intravenous. injection of endogenous pyrogen (EP). ② The antipyretic action of NRQ were observed. ③ cAMP contents in the hypothalamus (HP) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: ① NRQ obviously reduced body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by EP (P