Killing effect of anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells on ovarian epithelial cancer cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of anti-mesothelin (MSLN)-chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells (anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cells) on ovarian epithelial cancer cells. Methods: Twenty cases of ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were collected, and 20 cases of normal ovarian tissues resected during the same period due to other benign diseases were also collected. (1) Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to verify the expression of MSLN protein in ovarian cancer tissues. (2) Fresh ovarian cancer tissues were extracted and cultured to obtain primary ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant lentiviral vectors targeting anti-MSLN-CAR-CD244 were constructed and co-cultured with iPS cells to obtain anti-MSLN-iCAR cells. These cells were differentiated into anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cells using cytokine-induced differentiation method. The cell experiments were divided into three groups: anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cell group, natural killer (NK) cell group, and control group. (3) Flow cytometry and live cell staining experiment were used to detect the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in the three groups. (4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granzyme B (GZMB), perforin 1 (PRF1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in the three groups of ovarian cancer cells. Results: (1) Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that a positive expression rate of MSLN protein in ovarian cancer tissues of 65% (13/20), while normal ovarian tissues had a positive rate of 30% (6/20). The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.912, P=0.027). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the positive expression rate of MSLN protein in ovarian cancer tissues was 70% (14/20), while normal ovarian tissues had a positive rate of 30% (6/20). The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=6.400, P=0.011). (2) Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of ovarian cancer cells in the anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cell group was (29.27±0.85)%, while in the NK cell group and control group were (8.44±0.34)% and (6.83±0.26)% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the comparisons between the three groups (all P<0.01). Live cell staining experiment showed that the ratio of dead cells to live cells in the anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cell group was (36.3±8.3)%, while in the NK cell group and control group were (5.4±1.4)% and (2.0±1.3)% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the comparisons between the three groups (all P<0.001). (3) ELISA analysis revealed that the expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, GZMB, PRF1, IL-6, and IL-10 in ovarian cancer cells of the anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cell group were significantly higher than those in the NK cell group and the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The anti-MSLN-iCAR-NK cells exhibit a strong killing ability against ovarian cancer cells, indicating their potential as a novel immunotherapy approach for ovarian cancer.

Morphologic features of fallopian tubal epithelium in pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To study the pathologic features of fallopian tubal epithelium in patients with pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), to investigate its role in pelvic serous carcinogenesis and to reclassify the primary site of HGSC based on recently proposed criteria.@*Methods@#The fallopian tubes in 58 cases of pelvic HGSC (54 cases of ovarian primary, 3 cases of tubal primary, 1 case of peritoneum) and 25 cases of pelvic non-HGSC (5 cases of ovarian low-grade serous cancer, 9 cases of endometrioid cancer, and 11 cases of clear cell ovary carcinoma) were collected from June 2015 to December 2016, and serially examined under light microscope (SEE-FIM protocol). Immunostaining for p53 and Ki-67 was performed to evaluate the presence of p53 signature, serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL), serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) and invasive carcinoma in these fallopian tubes. Meanwhile, primary site of HGSC based on the recently proposed diagnostic criteria were also reclassified.@*Results@#Among the study group, the frequencies of p53 signature, STIL, STIC and invasive HGSC were 27.6% (16/58), 43.1% (25/58), 36.2% (21/58) and 67.2% (39/58), respectively, while in control group, the proportions were 24.0% (6/25), 0, 0 and 8.0% (2/25), respectively. The continuum of epithelial changes in the process of serous neoplasia including p53 signature, STIL, STIC and invasive carcinoma was identified in 8 cases of pelvic HGSC. The proportions of STIL, STIC and invasive carcinomas in HGSC group were higher than that in non-HGSC group (P<0.01). About 80.0% (20/25) of STIL and 85.7% (18/21) of STIC were present unilaterally. Diagnostically, the study group contained the 17 cases of ovarian HGSC, 40 cases of tubal HGSC, and 1 case of peritoneal HGSC after reclassification of the cancer primary.@*Conclusions@#Continuous changes of tubal epithelium including p53 signature, STIL, STIC and invasive carcinomas are identified in patients with HGSC, supporting the current understanding that the fallopian tube is likely the cellular source of the majority HGSC. STIL and STIC may be specific to pelvic HGSC and may act as a target for future research on the early detection and prevention of this disease. The newly proposed diagnostic criteria for pelvic HGSC will lead us to more accurate classification of cancer primary sites. Correct classification of HGSC may have potential impacts for cancer prevention and improve our understanding of ovarian serous carcinogenesis.

Application of pathological diagnosis by rapid paraffin sections for biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To evaluate the application of pathological diagnosis by rapid paraffin sections in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases. Methods A total of 176 cases from our hospital between September 2009 and January 2010 with abnormal cervical cancer screening (including abnormal cytology result and high-risk HPV continuous positive) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Eighty-seven cases of them whose biopsy were got by Belinson forceps under the direction of colposcopy with rapid paraffin sections by ultrasonic histopathological rapid processor and BT transparent agents were selected as group A, while 89 cases with conventional paraffin sections were selected as group B. The production time and quality for paraffin sections were analyzed in the two groups. Those diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ or even worse and some special patients with CIN Ⅰ in the two groups received surgery, including loop electrosurgical procedure (LEEP) ,cold knife conization (CKC),.hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy.Tissue obtained after surgery was sent for routine pathological examination. If the results of postoperative routine pathological examination were inconsistent with the rapid or routine biopsy pathological examination,the heavier results were regard as the final diagnoses. The pathological results and diagnose accordance rates were recorded and compared between group A and group B. Results The quality of sections in two groups were all satisfied or basically satisfied to meet the diagnostic requirements. There were statistically significant difference in average production time between group A and B (40 minutes vs 24 hours, P 0. 05). Conclusion Bapid paraffin sections technology is safe, accurate and economical for rapid pathological diagnosis of cervical diseases, which is worthy for being widely used in hospitals.