Investigation and analysis of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province， and to provide decision-making basis for promoting the high-quality construction and sustainable development of the provincial medical consortium. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to select 50 compact medical consortiums in Guangdong province. The survey was answered by the heads of the pharmacy department of the general hospitals. The survey covered the basic scale of the consortium， the appointment of chief pharmacists， the implementation of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care homogenization within the consortium， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization， and the expected provincial support. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey results. RESULTS A total of 50 questionnaires were collected， and the effective recovery rate was 100%. There were 16 chief pharmacists （32.00%） in charge of the pharmacy department of the general hospital in the medical consortium. Thirty-seven medical consortiums （74.00%） had established a drug supply support system within the consortium， 35 medical consortiums （70.00%） had carried out pharmaceutical management and coordination work within the medical consortium， 23 medical consortiums （46.00%） had established a clinical medication guidance system， 25 medical consortiums chenwenying2016@163.com （50.00%） had established a bidirectional communication mechanism， and only 8 medical consortiums （16.00%） had developed new models of pharmaceutical care. At present， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care within the medical consortium were mainly found in three aspects： the wide gap in management level of each member unit， the lack and uneven level of pharmaceutical personnel， and insufficient policy support and implementation. Most medical consortiums hoped that relevant departments could promote the homogenization of pharmaceutical work by holding special training courses or special supervision. CONCLUSIONS At present， the compact medical consortium in Guangdong province has achieved initial results in the implementation of the chief pharmacist system， the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care. However， it is still necessary to improve the coverage of chief pharmacist appointments in the medical consortium， implement the homogenization of pharmaceutical management， and accelerate the homogenization process of pharmaceutical care.

Analysis of occurrence relationship and its influencing factors on body composition and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus / 中国综合临床

Objective:To analyze the body composition and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), so that to provide basic data for prevent and control GDM further.Methods:All 1 553 pregnant women with GDM (GDM group) at 24-28 weeks of gestation were selected, and 1 298 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at the same pregnancy were taken as the control group. The general data, body composition test data and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test results of the two groups were collected for statistical analysis. T-test was used for comparison between normal distribution measurement data groups, and counting data were compared χ 2 inspection. Results:The age of GDM group (31.30±4.63) years, the body mass index before pregnancy (21.78±3.11) kg/m 2, and the proportion of body fat content (30.77±5.26)% were all higher than that of NGT Group ((28.42±4.01) years, (20.74±3.04) kg/m 2, (27.76±5.56)%). The proportion of water content (50.46±4.11)%, protein content (13.91±1.27)%, and inorganic salt content (4.90±1.99)%, were lower than that of NGT Group ((52.11±3.97)%, (14.47±1.18)%, (5.71±2.26)%), and there were significant differences between the two groups (t values were 17.84, 9.03, 6.41, 8.67, 7.14 and 5.94, respectively; all P<0.001). The detection rates of advanced age 25.4%(394/1 553), family history of diabetes 23.1%(359/1 553), history of GDM 4.3%(67/1 553), history of polycystic ovary syndrome 0.6%(9/1 553) in GDM group were higher than those in NGT group (7.4%(96/1 298), 11.4%(148/1 298), 0.3%(4/1 298), 0.1%(1/1 298)). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ 2 values were 160.49, 66.36, 46.73 and 5.11, respectively; all P<0.05). The proportion of lean, normal, overweight and obese people in GDM group was 11.5%(179/1 553), 65.8%(1 022/1 553), 18.5%(287/1 553), 4.2%(65/1 553), and 22.6%(293/1 298), 63.0%(818/1 298), 11.4%(148/1 298), 3.0%(39/1 298), respectively. The body fat content in GDM group was 1.9%(30/1 553), 45.5%(707/1 553), 52.6%(817/1 553), and 8.1%(105/1 298), 54.0%(701/1 298), and 37.9%(492/1 298), respectively. The protein content in GDM group was 95.9%(1 489/1 553), 4.1%(64/1 553), 0(0/1 553), and 89.5%(1 162/1 298), 10.5%(136/1 298), 0(0/1 298), respectively. The low, normal and high water content in GDM group were 36.3%(564/1 553), 54.3%(843/1 553), 9.4%(146/1 553), and 22.5%(292/1 298), 58.8%(763/1 298), 18.7%(243/1 298), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the overall distribution of body mass index before pregnancy and the contents of body water, body fat and protein between the two groups (statistical values were 78.89, 100.21, 43.80 and 92.54, all P<0.001). Logistic analysis showed that old age ( OR=3.462, 95% CI=2.737-4.380), overweight before pregnancy ( OR=1.296, 95% CI=1.031-1.628), family history of diabetes ( OR=2.061, 95% CI=1.676-2.535), history of GDM ( OR=12.688, 95% CI=4.577-35.169), high body fat content ( OR=1.607, 95% CI=1.234-2.092), low water content ( OR=1.493, 95% CI=1.025-2.175) were the risk factors of GDM (all P<0.05). Low body fat content ( OR=0.341, 95% CI=0.151-0.768) was the protective factor of GDM ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In addition to the traditional risk factors such as body mass index before pregnancy, old age, family history of diabetes, and history of GDM, the contents of body water and body fat also played an important role in the occurrence of GDM.

Study on the status and influencing factors of rectus abdominis muscle separation in postpartum women / 中国综合临床

Objective:To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of rectus abdominis muscle separation in postpartum women.Methods:The clinical data of 3 368 postpartum women who underwent postpartum physical examination in Shenzhen Longgang maternal and child health hospital from June to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general data, rectus abdominis separation and pelvic organ prolapse were collected for cross-sectional investigation.Results:The incidence of rectus abdominis separation in postpartum women was 60.7% (2 045/3 368). <30 years old, ≥30 years old (56.8% (856/1 507) and 63.9% (1 189/1 861), χ2=17.54)). The increase of body mass during pregnancy was <16 kg, ≥16 kg (59.1% (1 351/2 285) and 64.1% (694/1 083), χ2=7.57)). Spontaneous labor and cesarean section (55.7% (1 262/2 266) and 71.7% (790/1 102), χ2=77.87)). Pregnancy 1, 2, ≥3 times (53.9% (645/1 196), 62.1% (702/1 131) and 67.1% (698/1 041), χ2=41.48). Production for 1, 2, ≥3 times (53.9% (877/1 628), 67.0% (1 016/1 517) and 68.2% (151/223), χ2=62.09)). History of macrosomia (68.7% (160/233) and 60.1% (1 885/3 135), χ2=6.64)). Prolapse of anterior vaginal wall (75.2% (1 559/2 072) and 37.5% (486/1 296), χ2=476.15), there were significant differences in the incidence of rectus abdominis separation (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ≥ 3 times pregnancies ( OR=1.572,95% CI=1.270-1.945),cesarean section ( OR=2.440,95% CI=2.050-2.905),macrosomia ( OR=1.660,95% CI=1.213-2.273), anterior vaginal prolapse( OR=7.324,95% CI=6.083-8.819) were risk factors of diastasis recti abdominis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of rectus abdominis separation in postpartum women is high. Three or more pregnancies, cesarean section, history of macrosomia and prolapse of anterior vaginal wall play an important role in the occurrence of rectus abdominis separation.

Adverse drug event signal mining of semaglutide based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To exc avate the adverse drug event （ADE）signals of semaglutide and provide reference for its clinical rational use. METHODS The proportional unbalance method was used to mine the signals of all semaglutide ADE reports from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS）up to September 2021. The basic situations of the reported cases were analyzed. The corresponding system organ classification （SOC）was mapped and compared with the adverse drug reactions recorded in the drug instructions. Preferred terms （PT）of patients with different indications were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 6 661 semaglutide ADE reports were extracted and 194 valid signals were mined. Among 6 661 cases of ADE ，the proportion of men （43.40％）was lower than women （52.65％）；the age was mainly distributed in ＞40-65 years old （29.00％）and ＞65 years old （22.61％）；the reporting country was mainly the United States （83.88％）；the report year was mainly concentrated in 2021 （40.88％），with an increasing trend year by year ；the main outcome was hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization in serious ADE reports （17.78％）. Semaglutide ADE signal was mapped to the main SOC ，mainly including gastrointestinal diseases ，various injuries，poisoning and operation complications ，metabolic and nutritional diseases ，various examinations. The screening criteria were based on the report odds ratio ＞10 or ADE reported cases ＞50，and 48 new potential adverse drug reactions were added to the drug description. Among the indications with the top two reported cases （type 2 diabetes and obesity ，overweight，weight control），the frequency of gastrointestinal system related ADE reports represented by nausea ，vomiting and diarrhea was higher ， which was similar to the drug instructions. CONCLUSIONS This study supplemented 48 new potential adverse drug reactions based on the drug instructions of semaglutide. At present ，it can be considered that semaglutide is safe.

Practice and exploration of improving the rational use of drugs in primary medical institutions by the general pharmacist system of the medical consortium / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore and establis h a general pharmacist system suitable for China ’s national conditions ，and to improve the rational use of drugs in primary medical institutions . METHODS Under the leadership of Tianhe District Health Bureau of Guangzhou ，relying on the regional pharmaceutical specialty alliance ，general pharmacist system of medical consortium was established ，and the general pharmacist was responsible for the overall planning of pharmaceutical care in the medical consortium. The joint management office of pharmaceutical care was established ，and the training of the pharmacists in the medical consortium was organized. A regional audit center was established to realize the prescription review of 13 community health service centers in the medical consortium. “Internet plus ”home pharmaceutical care was carried out ，and science popularization education was provided for communities ，schools，enterprises and institutions. RESULTS After systematic training and assessment ，three pharmacist teams had been successfully established in the medical consortium to provide prescription review ，science popularization and education and family pharmacist services for community residents ；the regional audit center successfully intercepted 17.17％ of unreasonable prescriptions ，reducing the amount of unreasonable drug use by a total of 6.56 million yuan. After the intervention of prescription review system ，the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions in community health service centers was ≥95％，and the qualified rate increased by an average of 6％. The department of pharmaceutical science popularization and education held 35 science popularization and free clinic activities ，of which 71.20％ of the residents believed that the activities had improved their understanding of drugs. In addition ，111 cases patients serviced by home pharmaceutical care were carried out successfully by pharmacist team ，and the patients ’acceptance of pharmacist intervention was 91.89％ . CONCLUSIONS Under the new medical reform ，it is feasible to implement a regional general pharmacist system within the medical consortium ， which improves the pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceuticalcare capabilities of m edical institutions in the medical consortium，as well as the level of rational drug use ，and reduces the me dical burden.

The diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided transperineal systematic prostate biopsy and cognitive fusion multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging transperineal suspicious targeted biopsy in the prostate cancer in different serum prostate specific antigen levels / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound-guided transperineal systematic prostate biopsy(SPB)and cognitive fusion multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI) suspicious transperineal targeted biopsy(CFTB) in the prostate cancer with different serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) levels.Methods:A retrospective analyses were performed in 527 patients with suspected prostate cancer who underwent ultrasound-guided SPB from January 2018 to December 2019 in Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated 6th People′s Hospital. According to the PSA levels, they were divided into group A(PSA 4-10 μg/L) and group B(PSA>10 μg/L). All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided SPB, 376 patients with suspicious mpMRI had two additional targeted biopsies. The detection rates of ultrasound-guided SPB and CFTB in prostate cancer were tested by χ 2 test. Compared with pathological results, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of two methods were calculated and tested by χ 2 test, and a P<0.05 was defined as statistically significant difference. Results:Prostate cancer was detected in 319 of 527 patients(60.5%). One hundred and three cases of 198 patients in group A were diagnosed as prostate cancer, with an overall detection rate was 52.0%. Among them, ultrasound-guided SPB detected 72 cases of prostate cancer, the detection rate was 36.4%, sensitivity was 67.9%, specificity was 17.7%, accuracy was 26.5%, the detection rate, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CFTB were 39.9%, 75.6%, 91.6% and 88.8%, respectively. In this group, there were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate and sensitivity of the two methods in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (χ 2=0.525, 0.005, both P>0.05), and the differences in specificity and accuracy were statistically significant (χ 2=108.340, 79.829, respectively, both P<0.05). Two hundred and sixteen cases of 329 patients in group B were diagnosed as prostate cancer, with an overall detection rate was 65.7%. Among them, 160 cases of perineal prostate cancer were detected by ultrasound-guided SPB, with the detection rate was 48.6%, sensitivity was 78.2%, specificity was 37.6% and accuracy was 49.5%. A total of 189 cases of prostate cancer detected by CFTB, the detection rate was 57.4%, the sensitivity was 89.3%, the specificity was 90.6%, and the accuracy was 90.2%. All the differences were statistically significant in group B(χ 2=5.131, 4.391, 61.339, 38.982, all P<0.05). Conclusions:When PSA is greater than 10 μg/L, CFTB has a higher diagnostic efficiency than SPB.When PSA is 4-10 μg/L, there are no significant differences between the two methods in the detection rate and sensitivity of prostate cancer.

Analysis of Blood Concentration Monitoring Results of Sodium Valproate in 856 Patients of Our Hospital from 2016 to 2018 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To reference for the rational use of sodium va lproate in clinic. METHODS ：By retrospective analysis，blood concentration monitoring results of sodium valproate and medical record data in 856 patients were collected from the Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology during Jan. 2016-Dec. 2018. The dosage form of sodium valproate ，monitoring times of therapeutic drugs ，monitoring results of steady-state blood concentration of sodium valproate up to the standard ，dosage adjustment and the combination with carbamazepin ，fluconazol and carbapenem drugs were analyzed. Fisher exact test was used to analyze the factors influencing the steady-state blood concentration of sodium valproate up to the standard. RESULTS ：A total of 1 270 cases of sodium valproate were monitored in 856 patients，involving 407 males and 449 females，with age of （38.2±13.8）years and body mass of （52.3±10.0）kg. Among 1 270 cases of monitoring ，steady-state blood concentration of sodium valproate in 554 cases were in the range of 50-100 µg/mL，and 43.6％ of which reached the standard. The rate of reaching the standard in patients with multiple monitoring was higher than patients with single monitoring ；the dosage of patients with last monitoring reaching the standard was higher than that of patients with the first monitoring reaching the standard. The rate of reaching the standard in Sodium valproate sustained-release tablet group was higher than general Sodium valproate tablet group；the carbamazepin/fluconazol free group was higher than the carbamazepin combination group and fluconazol combination group；the carbapenem free group was higher than the carbapenem combination group （all P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Clinical pharmacists should pay attention to the monitoring of sodium valproate treatment drugs ， strengthen the publicity and 3551851542@qq.com education of patients and their families ，and try to use Sodium valproate sustained-release tablets. When patients additionally receive carbapenem drugs like carbamazepin or fluconazol ， the standard level of sodium valproate will be reduced ，then the dosage of sodium valproate should be adjusted.

Effect of emergency nursing combined with predictive rehabilitation nursing on rehabilitation and prognosis of patients with acute stroke / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the effect of emergency nursing combined with predictive rehabilitation nursing on rehabilitation and prognosis of patients with acute stroke. Methods One hundred and thirty patients with acute stroke admitted to Zhejiang Hospital from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled, and they were divided into an emergency nursing group and a combined nursing group according to different nursing methods, 65 cases in each group. The emergency nursing group was given emergency nursing; and the combined nursing group was given emergency nursing combined with predictive rehabilitation nursing. After 2 weeks, the clinical efficacy was evaluated. The neurological function, motor ability, cognitive function, activities of daily living, clinical efficacy and the incidence of complications were observed in the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of American National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment, the scores of simple Fugl-Meyer motor function (FMA) and simple intelligent mental state examination scale (MMSE), Barthel index (BI) were obviously higher than those before treatment, and the changes of the above indexes in the combined nursing group were more significant than those in the emergency nursing group after treatment (NIHSS score: 13.68±4.01 vs. 19.47±3.82, FMA score: 31.65±4.11 vs. 26.47±4.53, MMSE: 25.34±3.71 vs. 20.07±3.08, BI: 54.68±7.01 vs. 47.37±6.51), the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the combined nursing group was significantly higher than that of the emergency nursing group [90.77% (59/65) vs. 75.39% (49/65), P < 0.05], and the incidence of complications in the combined nursing group was obviously lower than that in the emergency nursing group [21.51% (14/65) vs. 40.00% (26/65), P < 0.05]. Conclusion The emergency nursing combined with predictive rehabilitation nursing has good clinical effect on patients with acute stroke, it can effectively elevate the neurological function, motor ability, cognitive function and daily living ability, improve blood lipid and coagulation function indicators, reduce the incidence of complications, facilitate rehabilitation and improve prognosis.

Pharmaceutical Care of MODS Patient Treated by Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy / 医药导报

Objective To discuss the contribution of clinical pharmacists in anti-infection treatment of a patient with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS) undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy ( CRRT). Methods Pharmacists participated in the anti-infection treatment of a MODS patient undergoing CRRT.Pharmacists assisted physicians in optimizing the therapeutic regimen based on treatment guidelines and relative information. Results Physicians accepted the advice of pharmacists after comprehensive evaluation.Ten days later,the patient recovered from shock,as the infection indexes were improved significantly.He then moved back to the general ward. Conclusion Pharmacists should positively participate in clinical treatment with physicians,in order to play a critical role in ensuring the safety and efficacy of the medication.

Study on Inhibitory Effects of Recombinant Adenovirus Ad-GFP-C197 on 3 Kinds of Tumor Cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effects of recombinant adenovirus Ad-GFP-C197, which prepared by adenovirus vector system-loading human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)C fragment(C197),on the proliferation of 3 kinds of tumor cells in vitro. METHODS:Ad-GFP-C197 was amplified and purified with HEK293 cells. Human gastric cancer cells SGC7901,human breast cancer cells MCF7 and human colorectal cancer cells CaCO2 were infected by Ad-GFP-C197 respectively. Using blank adenovirus carrier (Ad-GFP) as reference,the protein expression of C197 in 3 kinds of tumor cells infected by Ad-GFP-C197 was detected by Western blot assay. The inhibitory effects of Ad-GFP-C197 on 3 kinds of tumor cells were detected by MTT assay. The cell proliferation curve was drawn and the proliferation inhibition rate was calculated. RESULTS:The protein expression of C197 was not detected in 3 kinds of tumor cells infected by Ad-GFP,while significant protein expression of C197 was found in above cells infected by Ad-GFP-C197. The proliferation curves of the 3 kinds of tumor cells infected by Ad-GFP-C197 were significantly inhibited with the time extended,and the proliferation inhibitory rate reached 37.31%-41.42%. CONCLUSIONS:Ad-GFP-C197 shows significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of SGC7901,MCF7 and CaCO2 cells, which is rapid to make up for the slow effect of other telomerase inhibitors.

Practice of Clinical Pharmacists Participating in One Case of Multiple Organ Cryptococcus Infection during Perinatal Period / 中国药师

Objective: To evaluate the clinical pharmacists’ role in the drug treatment of perinatal women with multiple organ cryptococcus infection. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of one case of perinatal women with multiple organ cryptococcus infection and provided comprehensive pharmaceutical service, including antifungal drug selection, adverse drug reactions prevention and monitoring, glucocorticoid selection in fetal lung maturity and recommendation in lactation. Results: Clinical pharma-cists provided suggestions on the drug treatment in many ways to enhance the safety, efficiency and economic of the drug treatment, and improve the patient's compliance as well. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can optimize the treatment regimen and play an active role in the drug treatment of perinatal patients with cryptococcus infection.

Effect of LncRNA-PVT1 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line HPAF-Ⅱ / 胃肠病学

Background:Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play important roles in carcinogenesis and cancer biology and the related context has attracted more and more attentions. PVT1,which encodes a lncRNA,is reported to be up-regulated and exhibit pro-oncogenic activity in a wide variety of human cancers. Aims:To investigate the expression of PVT1 in human pancreatic cancer cells and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of HPAF-Ⅱ cells. Methods:One target siRNA against PVT1 was synthesized and transfected into HPAF-Ⅱ cells by using lipofactamine technique. PVT1 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR;capability of cell proliferation was examined by MTS and colony formation assays;cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry;and Western blotting was performed to determine the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and proto-oncogene protein c-Myc. Results:The mRNA expression of PVT1 in several human pancreatic cancer cell lines,especially HPAF-Ⅱ cells was significantly higher than that in H6c7,a human immortalization normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line. Compared with HPAF-Ⅱ cells transfected with negative control siRNA or without transfection,silencing of PVT1 by siRNA-PVT1 resulted in remarkable reduction in cell proliferation,cell cycle G1 phase arrest,and notable apoptosis;meanwhile,the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins(cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP)were up-regulated,the ratio for Bcl-2 / Bax was decreased,and the expression of c-Myc protein was down-regulated. Conclusions:LncRNA-PVT1 is highly expressed in human pancreatic cancer cell line HPAF-Ⅱ. It may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of HPAF-Ⅱ cells partially through regulating c-Myc expression.

Analysis of Clinical Application of Vancomycin in Our Hospital from 2013 to 2014 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further formulation of the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retro-spective analysis was conducted on the related information of discharged patients who intravenously used vancomycin from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014. RESULTS:178 patients were enrolled,with average age of 59.6 and 73.60% male,who were mainly with lung infectious(74.72%). Support examinations were sufficient before using of vancomycin. 66.29% patients were empirically giv-en vancomycin with pathogenic detection rate of 85.39%. 71.91% patients were conducted therapeutic drug monitoring with only 47.54% of first blood samples achieved the target range. CONCLUSIONS:Vancomycin application is generally rational in our hos-pital. However,issues like duration of empirical therapy,rational therapeutic monitoring,and individualized start dosing still need to be noticed.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of renal cortical perfusion in rabbits in low temperature conditions / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the evaluation of the renal cortical perfusion in rabbits in low temperature conditions.Methods 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups,4 rabbits in each group:1) with the first group as the control group (under the conditions of room temperature) ; 2)The second group was treated under-15℃--23℃ for 8hours; 3)the third group was treated under-15℃--23℃ for 4 hours; 4)the fourth group was treated under-6℃--14℃ for 8 hours; 5) the fifth group was treated under-6℃--14℃ for 4 hours.SonoVue was injected via the ear vein at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg,the renal perfusion imaging was made,observing the dynamic image of 0-3 min after the injection and analyzing the time-intensity curves(TIC)obtained from the following parameters:the slope rate of ascending curve(A),the slope rate of descending curve(α),area under the curve (AUC),time to peak (TTP),and derived peak intensity(DPI).Results Compared with the control group,the A,α of the second and the fourth group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while the AUC was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the TTP was significantly prolonged(P ＜0.05),for the third and the fifth group,only the A was decreased (P ＜0.05),and the DPI in each group showed no significant difference.Compared with the third and the fourth group,the AUC of the second group was increased and the TTP was prolonged (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can reflect the earlier renal cortical hemodynamic changes in rabbits in the low-temperature conditions,and is of great value for the early diagnosis of renal damage caused by low temperature.

Population pharmacokinetic modeling and evaluation of propofol from multiple centers / 药学学报

In order to successfully develop the effective population pharmacokinetic model to predict the concentration of propofol administrated intravenously, the data including the concentrations across both distribution and elimination phases from five hospitals were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Three-compartment pharmacokinetic model was applied while the exponential model was used to describe the inter-individual variability and constant coefficient model to the intra-individual variability, accordingly. Covariate effect including the body weight on the parameter CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were investigated. The performance of final model was assessed by Bootstrapping, goodness-of-fit and visual predictive checking (VPC). The context-sensitive half-times and the infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were simulated to six subpopulations. The results were as follows: the typical value of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 0.965 x (1 + 0.401 x VESS) x (BW/59)(0.578) L x min(-1), 13.4 x (AGE/45)(-0.317) L, 0.659 x (1 + GENDER x 0.385) L x min(-1), 28.8 L, 0.575 x (1 + GENDER x 0.367) x (1 - 0.369 x VESS) L x min(-1) and 196 L respectively. Coefficients of the inter-individual variability of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 29.2%, 46.9%, 35.2%, 40.4%, 67.0% and 49.9% respectively, and the coefficients of residual variability were 24.7%, 16.1% and 22.5%, the final model indicated a positive influence of a body weight on CL, and also that a negative correlation of age with V1. Q2 and Q3 in males were higher than those in females at 38.5% and 36.7%. The CL and Q3 were 40.1% increased and 36.9% decreased in arterial samples compared to those in venous samples. The determination coefficient of observations (DV)-individual predicted value (IPRED) by the final model was 0.91 which could predict the propofol concentration fairly well. The stability and the predictive performance were accepted by Bootstrapping, the goodness-of-fit and VPC. The context-sensitive half-times and infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were different obviously among the 6 sub-populations obviously. The three-compartment model with first-order elimination could describe the pharmacokinetics of propofol fairly well. The involved fixed effects are age, body weight, gender and sampling site. The simulations in 6 subpopulations were available in clinical anesthesia. The propofol anesthesia monitor care could be improved by individualization of pharmacokinetic parameter estimated from the final model.

Phylactic Effect of Tanshinone Ⅱ_A on Atherogenesis / 中国药房

0.05).Compared with the AS model group,the plaque area in high and middle dose Tanshinone Ⅱ A groups were significantly smaller(P

Antiviral Effects of Tongqiao Zhike Liquid against Human Influenza A Virus in Vitro / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-viral effects of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus in vitro.METHODS:The inhibitive effect of Tongqiao zhike liquid administered by different ways against human influenza A virus(H3N2) in vitro and its time-effect relationship were assayed by crystal violet staining assay with ribavirin as positive control.RESULTS:Tongqiao zhike liquid showed a satisfactory comprehensive inhibitory effect against human influenza A virus as well as its proliferation after viral adsorption.It was found that Tongqiao zhike liquid had a weak effect in preventing viral adsorption and it had no direct antiviral effect.The inhibitory effect of low concentration of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus weakened time-dependently,while at high concentration its anti-viral ability remained stable.CONCLUSION:Tongqiao zhike liquid has a satisfactory effect against human influenza A virus in vitro.

THE MEASUREMENT AND OBSERVATION OF THE TRANSVERSE FORAMINA OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND THE CALIBRE OF THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY / 解剖学报

1.The sagittal and transverse diameters of 1,456 transverse foramina in 728cervical vertebrae were measured.The data are as follows:transverse diameter(mm) sagittal diameter (mm)Left Right Left RightMale(702 cases) 6.0?1.0 5.9?1.1 5.4?1.2 5.3?1.1Female(754 cases) 5.9?1.0 5.8?1.1 5.3?1.1 5.1?1.12.Among the 710 transverse foramina of 357 cervical vertebrae observed,mostof them are of the elliptical type.3.19.3% of double transverse foramen were found in 710 transverse foraminawhich were mostly encountered at the 6 th cervical vertebra.4.The mean value of the external diameter of the cervical part of the vertebralartery is 4?0.7mm.in 40 sides of specimens.5.63.1% of the vertebral artery in the 710 transverse foramina were foundmedial to its accompanying vein.6.According to the relationship between the sagittal(X_1)and transversediameter(X_2)of the transverse foramen and the diameter(Y)of the vertebralartery,a formula,(?)=1.859+0.172 X_1+0.24 X_2,of multiple regression was formulatedThus,the estimated diameter of the vertebral artery from the sagittal diameter X_1and transverse diameter X_2 of the transverse foramen could be obtained and it maybe helpful for clinical practice.7.In case of arthrosis,the vertebral artery could be compressed by the unco-vertebral joint which are found mostly at the level of the 4～5th cervicalvertebrae.

THE SAGITTAL AND TRANSVERSE DIAMETERS OF CHINESE SPINAL CANAL / 解剖学报

The sagittal and transverse diameters of spinal canal were measured from 344 cases including dry specimens,preserved vertebral colomns and X-ray films.Based on these data several conclusions have been drawn. (1)The morphology of spinal canal is consistent with the external feature of spinal cord. (2)The mean values of various measurement of cervical(C),thoracic(T),and lumbar(L)vertebrae of spinal canal in dry specimens are as follows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) C T L C T L Male 23.6 16.7 23.4 14.4 14.9 16.5 Eemale 23.1 16.1 22.4 13.7 14.2 16.0 (3)The mean values of measurement of spinal canal in X-ray films are as fol- lows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) L C L Male 27.8 16.5 19.8 Female 27.0 15.7 19.1 The data measured from X-ray films are approximately 20% larger than those from the actual specimens. (4)The ratio between the sagittal diameters of the cervical canal and vertebral body is 80～90% in male and 90～100% in female.The normal ratio between the products of sagittal and transverse diameters of the lumbar spinal canal and of the vertebral body is 1:4.Ratios lower than this value is considered to denote a diagnostic significance for spinal stenosis.