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Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines emerge as promising vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines present numerous advantages, such as high potency, safe administration, rapid production potentials, and cost-effective manufacturing. In 2020, two COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The two vaccines showed high efficiency in combating COVID-19, which indicates the great advantages of mRNA technology in developing vaccines against emergent infectious diseases. Here, we summarize the type, immune mechanisms, modification methods of mRNA vaccines, and their applications in preventing infectious diseases. Current challenges and future perspectives in developing mRNA vaccines are also discussed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estados Unidos , Vacinas de mRNA , Vacina BNT162 , Vacinas contra COVID-19/genética , Doenças Transmissíveis , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
Objective To describe the application of Vapocoolant spray for alleviating pain during intravenous cannulation in foreign countries. Methods We interviewed literature related with Vapocoolant spray for alleviating pain during intravenous cannulation. The databases included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed. Results It is still controversial that Vapocoolant spray could alleviating pain during intravenous cannulation and there are few studies about Vapocoolant spray in China. Conclusions More high quality randomized controlled studies are needed to provide evidence for the controversy. Provide reference for medical staff with alleviate pain during intravenous cannulation.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Lu’s warm needling in treating perimenopausal syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with perimenopausal syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received Lu’s warm needling and the control group, conventional acupuncture. The scores of Kupperman Index (KI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and serum estrogen (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteal hormone (LH) were observed before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 80.0% in the treatment group and 53.3% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the KI score in the two groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in pre-/post-treatment KI score difference value between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in serum LH, FSH and E2 contents in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the Hamilton Depression Scale score and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the Hamilton Depression Scale score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Lu’s warm needling is an effective way to treat perimenopausal syndrome.
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The rule of law is the basic approach of realizing harmonic relationship between doctors and patients.Therefore,the law on medicine and health should be consolidated,and the rights and obligations of both parties should be specified.Meanwhile,the enforcement of law should be strict and civilized,while developing the legal awareness of the people to maintain their rights legally,and creating nice medical sequences and doctor-patient relationship in legal environment.
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Medical Jurisprudence is an intersection discipline of medicine and Jurisprudence.Luzhou Medical College is the second one that has established jurisprudence discipline ( medical jurisprudence ) in China,and also the first one in the West of China,although college did not get into the subject field in last century.After more than 10 years of exploration and construction,our college has had an innovation way of medical jurisprudence teaching,scientific research,academic exchanges and social service.By integrating the resources in and out of college,gathering excellent talents,setting up reasonable academic team,promoting sustainable development of the discipline,establishing Sichuan Province Medical Jurisprudence Research Center,sponsoring an academic journal Medicine & Jurisprudence,building academic platforms,condensing subject direction,conducting scientific research,serving local economy and society,innovating models,optimizing plans,cultivating medical jurisprudence practice talents,our discipline construction is in the front rank in China,and it has obvious features and advantages,and also has some great influence on the field of medical jurisprudence.