Relation between smoking and cognition in egyptian elderly

In spite of numerous studies published in the past few years on the topic, the effectof smoking on Alzheimer's disease and dementia remains uncertain. Case-control studies havelargely suggested that smoking lowers the risk of AD, whereas prospective studies have shownthat smoking increases this risk or has no effect on the probability of developing AD. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of Smoking in elderly withcognitive impairment and elderly with non-cognitive impairment. A Case control 88 participants aged 60 years and above. They wereselected from Ain Shams University Hospital from inpatient wards and outpatient clinics. Thestudied sample was divided into 3 groups: Group A [32 elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease],Group B [32 elderly patients with Mild cognitive impairment] and Group C [24 controls withnormal cognitive function].Comprehensive geriatric assessment, including detailed history, physicalexamination, and also cognitive assessment using Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MOCA] andMini mental status examination [MMSE].As regards smoking there was a highly statistical significant difference between the 3groups as non-smokers were more prevalent in Alzheimer's diseaseand Mild cognitiveimpairment groups in comparison to control group with [p-value= 0.001]. There was a highly significant negative association between smoking and cognitiveimpairment

Homocystiene profile in elderly

Homocysteine [Hcy] is a sulfurated amino acid an elevated homocysteine level is a marker for a pathogenic process as well as a cause of pathology. It is across sectional study conducted on 91 elderly participants 60 years and older selected from geriatric outpatient clinic and geriatric inpatient departmentthey underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, and homocysteine [Hcy] level in blood by Enzyme Immunoassay [EIA]. homocysteine not significantly related to age, sex and functional status. Also mean Hcy level is 15.4 micromol/liter. Further studies to evaluate Hcy level in elderly with different ages are recommended