Inhibición del crecimiento longitudinal en hemiepifisiodesis: análisis experimental en conejos / Longitudinal growth inhibition in hemiepiphysiodesis: experimental analysis in rabbits

Introducción: La modificación del eje de un miembro mediante la detención parcial del crecimiento (hemiepifisiodesis), es un procedimiento habitual en la cirugía ortopédica pediátrica. Sin embargo no está bien establecido cuánto afecta este procedimiento al crecimiento final del hueso. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar en forma experimental la inhibición del crecimiento longitudinal producido por una hemiepifisiodesis. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron, 10 conejos de 8 semanas de vida, a los que se les colocó una grapa en el fémur distal externo derecho. En la 8ª semana del estudio (16 semanas de vida) se realizó la comparación radiológica e histológica de ambos fémures. Resultados: La longitud final media de los fémures con grapas a las 8 semanas finalizado el experimento fue de 89,6mm (rango 87mm-95mm) versus 95,7mm (rango 91mm-100mm) de los fémures sanos. El porcentaje de inhibición media del crecimiento fisario al final del experimento fue de 6,58% (rango 3.2%-10%). Conclusiones: Se demostró experimentalmente la disminución global de la actividad de la fisis durante la hemiepifisiodesis. Esto debe ser tenido en cuenta cuando indicamos una hemiepifisiodesis unilateral en un niño con una discrepancia previa de longitud.

Five Years Experience of Ureterovaginal Fistulae Following Obstetric or Gynecological Intervention in Ethiopia

To study the etiology; presentation and outcome of women presenting to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital with an ureterovaginal fistula. Patients and Methods Women presenting with ureterovaginal fistulae following obstetric or gynecological intervention. The operating register from June 2004 to July 2009 was studied to identify women who had undergone ureteric re-implantation. Patient files were reviewed and only women with fistulae resulting from iatrogenic injury were included. Results Ureterovaginal fistulae were found in 89 women; 64 after Caesarean section; of which 43 were for a stillborn baby; 12 women have uterine rupture; 6 with instrumental delivery and only 7 with abdominal hysterectomy. The left ureter was most frequently injured (54). The number of patients seen has doubled over the past two years. Using one of four methods of repair; 88 women were continent at discharge from hospital. One died from a suspected pulmonary embolism. conclusion The incidence of iatrogenic ureteric injury is increasing in Ethiopia and most result from Caesarean section. The reasons should be studied. Using a variety of repair techniques; all patients can be cured. However; surgeons undertaking this surgery should have a wide range of urological training

Apoptosis en trasplante de pulmón. Influencia del lavado y la reperfusión del órgano / Apoptosis in lung transplantation. Influence of lavage and reperfusion on the organ

Objetivo: Determinar el rol de la irrigación con soluciones de preservación, la reperfusión y el rechazo en la apoptosis pulmonar en un escenario de trasplante pulmonar. Material y método: Venticuatro cerdos Landrace con un peso de 15 a 30 kilogramos fueron usados como donantes y receptores en un modelo de trasplante pulmonar izquierdo, con 5 días de sobrevida. Las muestras se obtuvieron en la siguiente secuencia: 1A: Donante, pulmón izquierdo inmediatamente luego de la apertura del torax. 1B: donante, pulmón derecho, inmediatamente luego de la apertura del tórax. 2A: Donante pulmón izquierdo, inmediatamente luego de la irrigación del organo. 2B Donante, pulmón derecho, sin irrigar. 3A: Pulmón izquierdo implantado, 1 hora luego de reperfundido en el receptor . 3B: Pulmón derecho (nativo), 1 hora luego de reperfundido el pulmón donante en el receptor. 4A: Pulmón izquierdo, biopsia transbronquial a las 48 horas postrasplante. 4B: Pulmón derecho, biopsia transbronquial a las 48 horas postransplante. 5A: Púlmón izquierdo, 5º día postrasplante (sacrificio). Todos los pulmones fueron irrigados con solución de Euro-Collins fría (4Cº) durante la ablación. Seis receptores no recibieron inmunosupresión y otros 6 receptores recibieron 15 mg/KG/ día de ciclosporina intravenosa. Los niveles plasmáticos de ciclosporina fueron dosados en tiempo 0 al 2º y 5º día postrasplante. Cada muestra fue analizada por un observador ciego para determinar el grado de rechazo (A0 y A1 negativo. A2. A3 y A4 positivo), proliferación celular, y el índice de apaptosis en neumonocitos I y II empleando la técnica de TUNEL y Caspasa. Las pruebas de Chi cuadrado; prueba de t de student y kruskal Wallis fueron utilizadas para el análisis estadístico. Se consideró significativo un valor de p menor a 0.05. Resultados: El grado de rechazo fue negativo en todas las muestras excepto en 4A (1 animal) y 5A (5 animales sin ciclosporina y 3 animales de los que recibieron ciclosporina) (p<0.05)

Antimicrobial activity of tissue and associated bacteria from benthic sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni against microbial pathogens.

Associated bacteria from Stichodactyla haddoni are found maximum in tentacle tissues than the body tissue. There are eight associated bacterial species viz., Alcaligenes sp, Corynebacterium sp, Aeromonas sp, Sporosarcina sp, Renibacterium sp, Camobacterium sp1, Camobacterium sp2 and Salinococcus sp were recorded. The culture extracts from the associated bacterial species showed sensitivity against human bacterial and fungalpathogens. However, the hexane tissue extract of sea anemone showed maximum sensitivity (24 mm dia.) against the fish bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila than the other chosen pathogens. Comparatively the tissue extracts showed promising antimicrobial sensitivity than the cell free extracts of associated bacteria, and hence, the tissue samples from the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni is recommended for further exploration of novel antimicrobial drugs than the associated bacteria.

Growth of Avicennia marina and Ceriops decandra seedlings inoculated with halophilic azotobacters.

Inoculation of azotobacter has significant positive effects on the growth characteristics and pigments in mangrove seedlings of Avicennia marina and Ceriops decandra. The bacterial inoculation significantly increased the root dry biomass at the maximum of 75.8% at 30 gl(-1) salinity in Ceriops decandra. But in Avicennia marina, the shoot dry biomass was increased significantly at the maximum of 56.12% at 30 gl(-1) salinity in general, the Azotobacter beijerinkii improved the growth characteristics better in both species of mangroves preferably at higher salinity levels in A. marina and at a range of salinity in C. decandra. The results recommend this forraising vigorous seedlings under nursery conditions.

Effect of heavy metals (Hg and Zn) on the growth and phosphate solubilising activity in halophilic phosphobacteria isolated from Manakudi mangrove.

The diversity of phosphobacteria in Manakudi mangrove ecosystem of Tamil Nadu was carried out in root and rhizosphere soil samples. The counts of phosphobacteria were found higher in root samples than in soil samples particularly in Hymenachene acutigluma. The abundance of phosphobacterial diversity in Manakudi mangrove showed high degree of positive correlation with the content of phosphate in rhizosphere soil of all the mangrove and associated plant species. Nine phosphobacterial species belonging to 7 genera were reported from Manakudi mangrove ecosystem. All the identified bacterial species are sensitive to both the heavy metals (mercury and zinc) in terms of growth and physiology even at lower concentrations. The content of protein and total sugars were increased by the higher concentrations of heavy metals whereas decreased trend was noticed in lower concentrations of heavy metals.

Improved survival in lupus nephritis in the modern era (1979 - 1989) using only oral corticosteroids and azathioprine as maintenance

The authors analysed outcome retrospectively in relation to treatment and disease stage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis; and compared these with similar patients referred to us during 1969 - 78; and other published series from the same period. Eighty two patients with lupus nephritis were referred during 1979 - 89. Of these; 73 were followed up for a mean of 58.1 (SD 34.5) months. The histological pattern in renal biopsies was WHO Class IV (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis) in 59 per cent of patients. In the acute phase 43 patients received intravenous nethyl-prednisolone IG daily; for three days; in 25 accompanied by daily 4 liter plasma exchanges on 5 to 10 days. Twelve patients received induction therapy using oral cyclophosphamide during the acute phase; for 8 - 12 weeks only. Maintenance therapy was with oral prednisolone in all patients; accompanied by azathioprine in 84 per cent of cases. Long term cyclophosphamide was never used; neither intravenously nor orally. At 10 years actuarially calculated patient survival was 87 per cent; and survival of renal function 86 per cent; compared with 57 per cent and 65 per cent respectively in 1970 - 78 (p less than 0.01). Survival was no different in patients with renal biopsies classified into the various WHO classes. In patients with Class IV biopsies; survival in those treated with prednisolone and azathioprine only was the same as that in those given intravenous methylprednisolone and/or plasma exchange as well. However; patients treated with methylprednisolone or plasma exchange tended to have more severe disease. At last followup; 24/82 patients were in complete remission; 23 had normal plasma creatinine concentrations but abnormal urine; ie proteinuria; heaematuria; or both; 16 had abnormal urine and elevated plasma creatinine concentrations; and 9 had started renal replacement therapy. Eight patients had died. The survival of patients with lupus nephritis has improved in the past decade in patients with comparable severity of disease; and renal failure is no longer the principle cause of death. Results of maintenance treatment using azathioprine as adjunct to oral prednisolone in patients with severe nephritis are as good as those in series published elsewhere describing regular intravenous cyclophosphamide. No clear advantage was evident from the additional use of intravenous methylprednisolone and/or plasma exchange in the acute phase; in patients with WHO Class IV severe diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Hash-oil manufacture: an important factor in the occurrence of adult burns in Jamaica

A retrospective study of burn patients admitted to the Cornwall Regional Hospital during the period 1982 to 1986 revealed that 21 patients sustained their burns during hash-oil manufacture. Hash-oil is the colloquial name for hashish-oil, the extract from the ganja (marijuana) plant. The process of extraction is exrtremely hazardous as it involves the boiling of a volatile liquid. Consequently, burns occur either due to scalds, flash or, most commonly, flames. Young adult men are aminly affected, and more than 50% of them die as a result of their injury