RESUMO
La industria del fileteado de tilapia y trucha genera cantidades significativas de coproductos de los cuales no existe suficiente información disponible sobre su composición y calidad. Esta investigación determinó algunos componentes nutricionales y microbiológicos de coproductos obtenidos en plantas exportadoras de filetes de tilapia nilótica y trucha arcoíris en Colombia. El esqueleto mostró el mayor aporte de cenizas (tilapia: 14,12 ± 0,16%; trucha: 6,18 ± 0,06%), calcio (tilapia: 5,70 ± 0,04%; trucha: 1,72 ± 0,08%) y fósforo (tilapia: 1,89 ± 0,06%; trucha: 0,84 ± 0,03%), mientras que los recortes presentaron la mayor concentración de extracto etéreo (tilapia: 30,10 ± 0,58%; trucha: 17,50 ± 0,51%) y la carne mecánicamente separada, los mayores contenidos de humedad (tilapia: 70,38 ± 0,18%; trucha: 72,93 ± 0,3%) y proteína (tilapia: 14,32 ± 0,03%; trucha: 18,88 ± 0,05%). El mayor aporte de ácidos grasos polinsaturados (AGPI), como porcentaje del total de ácidos grasos identificados, se encontró en esqueleto de tilapia (17,27%) y en recortes de trucha (38,68%), con relaciones n6/n3 de 2,67 y 0,71, respectivamente. En general, los coproductos estudiados cumplieron con los estándares microbiológicos exigidos por la normatividad colombiana (Resolución 122 de 2012 del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social) que establece los requisitos fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos que deben cumplir los productos de la pesca, en particular pescados, moluscos y crustáceos para consumo humano. Los resultados muestran que los coproductos estudiados contienen un importante aporte de proteína, cenizas, ácidos grasos poli-insaturados y adecuada calidad microbiológica, con potencial para alimentación humana o animal.
The filleting industry of tilapia and rainbow trout generates a great amount of byproducts; there is not information available about their composition and quality. The objective of this research was to determine the byproducts nutritional and microbiological components obtained from the fillets export industry of Nile tilapia and rainbow trout in Colombia. The skeleton showed a high amount of ashes (tilapia: 14.12 ± 0.16%; trout: 6.18 ± 0.06%), calcium (tilapia: 5.70 ± 0.04%; trout: 1.72 ± 0.08%) and phosphorus (tilapia: 1.89 ± 0.06%; trout: 0.84 ± 0.03%), mean while the trimmings had the highest concentration of ether extract (tilapia: 30.10 ± 0.58%; trout: 17.50 ± 0.51%) and the mechanically deboned meat, the higher moisture content (tilapia: 70.38 ± 0.18%; trout: 72.93 ± 0.3%) and protein (tilapia: 14.32 ± 0.03%; trout: 18.88 ± 0.05%). The highest contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as a percentage of total fatty acids, was found in the skeleton of the tilapia (17.27%) and trout trimmings (38.68%), with a ratio n6/n3 of 2.67 y 0.71 respectively. In general, the byproducts analyzed met the microbiological standards required by Colombian government, in resolution 122/2012 - Ministry of Social Welfare and Health, by which technical regulations on the phyponents obtained from the fillets export industry of Nile tilapia and rainbow trout in sicochemical and microbiological requirements for fishery products, particularly fish, mollusks and crustaceans for human consumption. The results show that byproducts studied could be an important source of protein, ash, polyunsaturated fatty acids with and appropriate microbiological quality, showing potential for human food or animal feed.
RESUMO
Objective: To examine the validity of accelerometers for characterizing habitual physical activity patterns in Indian children. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. Subjects: Children (N=103, mean age 6.6 years) selected from an ongoing birth cohort study. Methods: Physical activity was measured over 7 days using accelerometers (MTI Actigraph) and concurrent parent-maintained activity diaries. Actigraph counts per minute representing sedentary (<10), light (<400), moderate (<3000) and vigorous (≥3000) activity were determined using a structured activity session in a separate group of 10 children. In 46 children chosen for validating accelerometers, time spent in different activity levels according to diaries was determined. Energy Expenditure (EE) was calculated from diaries using a factorial method. Results: Ninety-eight children wore the monitor for ≥4 days. Total counts and time spent in different activity levels were similar in boys and girls (P>0.2). Among 46 children chosen for comparisons, time spent in sedentary (r =0.48, P=0.001), light (r=0.70, P<0.001) and moderate activities (r=0.29, P=0.054) according to diaries correlated with those derived from counts, and total Actigraph counts correlated with EE (r=0.42, P=0.004). Bland-Altman analysis showed systematic bias, and wide limits of agreement between these methods for time spent in different activity levels. Conclusions: Accelerometers are a well tolerated and objective way of measuring activity behavior in free-living children. Though accelerometer counts correlate with time spent in activity of varying intensity and energy expenditure derived from parent-maintained diaries, wide limits of agreement show that the limitations of accelerometers need to be recognized in interpreting the data that they generate.
RESUMO
O Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni (CFJ) apenas recentemente foi identificado como agente etiologico de infeccoes intestinais em nosso meio. Analisamos 1.095 amostras fecais de criancas portadoras de diarreia aguda, no periodo de setembro/81 a maio/82 O CFJ foi pesquisado pela microscopia de contraste de fase. Foram detectados 14 casos de infeccao por CFJ (1,3%). O estudo clinico de 12 casos mostrou predominancia do sexo masculino de 3:1. A faixa etaria mais atingida foi de zero a 12 meses (50%) Os sinais e sintomas mais comuns foram: diarreia (100%), febre (83%), dor abdominal (50%), sangue nas fezes (50%), vomitos (41%) e desidratacao (16%). A hipotese diagnostica dessa afeccao pode ser levantada com bases clinicas e confirmada com seguranca e rapidez pelo exame direto das fezes