RESUMO
To assess healthcare workers' knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia from March 6 to March 25, 2020. Healthcare workers' knowledge on COVID-19 was assessed, and demographic data, workplace characteristics, and medical professional characteristics as well as the current local situation of COVID-19 were collected. To characterize determinants associated with knowledge, a logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: Out of 288 healthcare workers who completed the interview-assisted questionnaire, 149 (51.7%) respondents had a good knowledge. Nurses and other types of healthcare workers had lower odds of having good knowledge compared to doctors: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20-0.72 and aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13-0.73, respectively. Compared to healthcare workers who had medical practice experience less than 5 years, those who had worked for more than 10 years had lower knowledge (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.90). Healthcare workers who worked in the infection department had higher knowledge compared to those in the emergency room (aOR: 14.33; 95% CI: 3.67-55.88). Conclusions: The knowledge of COVID-19 among surveyed healthcare workers was relatively low. The COVID-19 response in Indonesia will require further education and enhancement of the capacity of healthcare workers in the emergency room where COVID-19 patients may be treated the earliest.
RESUMO
Several epidemiology studies suggest that host genetic factors play important roles in susceptibility, protection and progression of tuberculosis infection. Here we have reviewed the implications of some genetic polymorphisms in pathways related to tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development. Large case-control studies examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in genes have been performed in tuberculosis patients in some countries. Polymorphisms in natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 [NRAMP1], toll-like receptor 2 [TLR2], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], IL-10, vitamin D receptor [VDR], dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], nucleotide oligomerization binding domain 2 [NOD2], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], mannose-binding lectin [MBL] and surfactant proteins A [SP-A] have been reviewed. These genes have been variably associated with tuberculosis infection and there is strong evidence indicating that he genetic factors play critical roles in tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development