Cephalometric Evaluation of the Midfacial Soft Tissue Changes on Smiling

The Avalibility of C-Arm in Reduction of Zygomatic Arch Fracture Intraoperatively: Case Report

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NASAL AND UPPER LIP CHANGES AFTER LE FORT I OSTEOTOMY SURGERY USING A 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Case Presentations of Charity Operations by Il Woong Cleft Lip and Palate Foundation in Deozhou, China

An experimental study on fat cell viablity according to different harvesting techniques

Clinical review of acute seizures among children who visited the emergency room in Masan Samsung hospital from 2004 to 2006 / 소아과

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acute childhood seizures, one of the most important causes of emergency room visits, to provide appropriate medical services. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 433 (4.6%) pediatric patients with acute seizures that visited the emergency room at Masan Samsung hospital from 2004 to 2006. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.4:1 and the mean age was 40.9+/-34.9 months range. The order of geographical distribution was Masan, Changwon, Haman, and others. Fever was present in 40.6% of patients; December (14.8%) was the most frequent month for visits and generalized tonic clonic seizures (62.7%) were the most common type of seizure. The average frequency and duration of the seizure was 1.5+/-1.0 and 6.7+/-13.2 minutes respectively. Febrile seizures were present in 69.7% of patients and afebrile seizures in 30.3%. The causes of the febrile seizures were acute pharyngotonsillitis (44.6%), acute bronchitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and unknown origin, in order of frequency. The most common cause of an afebrile seizure was epilepsy (71.5%) followed by a benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (BCwMG), sequela of a perinatal brain injury or brain malformation, and acute CNS infection. Evaluation of the causes of an acute seizure according to age showed that febrile seizures, epilepsy, and the sequela of perinatal brain injuries were more common between 2 and 6 years of age and epilepsy, febrile seizures and acute CNS infection, in order of frequency, were common between 6 and 15 years of age. Many patients, 49.4%, were discharged without admission. CONCLUSION: The common characteristics of pediatric patients presenting to the emergency room were male gender, an age between 2-6 years, presenting during the month of December, with generalized tonic clonic seizures due to acute pharyngitis. The most common presentation for the group less than 6 years of age was a febrile seizure and in the group more than 6 years of age, it was epilepsy. In many cases, the seizures stopped by the time the family presented to the emergency room.

A case of childhood relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis and interferon beta-1b treatment in a Korean patient / 소아과

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder that affects discrete areas of the CNS, including the optic nerves, in a quite variable relapsing-remitting fashion over a prolonged period of time. Although MS is usually considered to be a disease that affects peoples in early to middle adulthood, children do develop multiple sclerosis. The frequency of MS onset before the age of 15 years is 2.7-5% of all cases, while MS onset during infancy and early childhood was observed to be 0.2- 0.7% of all cases. We report here on a Korean case of a relapsing-remitting MS female child who was treated with four rounds of intravenous methylpredinsolone pulse therapy and preventive Interferon-beta-1b (Betaferon(R)).

Voiding cystourethrography in children with an initial episode of febrile urinary tract infection / 소아과

PURPOSE: Because voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is an invasive method, we studied whether VCUG could be postponed through evaluation of alternative non-invasive tests including renal ultrasonography and (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 175 patients initially diagnosed with febrile urinary tract infection during the one year period of 1999, and compared 3-tests:renal ultrasongraphy, (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan, and VCUG. RESULTS: Renal ultrasonography didn't contribute to the prognostication of pyelonephritis(photopenic areas) or vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). Presentation of photopenic areas in (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan was related to VUR. If both findings of renal ultrasonography and (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scans were normal, this condition was closely related to normal results in VCUG. And if both examinations were abnormal, the condition was closely related to VUR. But this state could not always guarantee the normal result from VCUG because of low sensitivity in finding VUR. CONCLUSION: In cases in which acute phyelonephritis is demonstrated by (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan, VCUG is required. In addition to this, if the conditions of hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral dilatation, increases of renal volume, and changes of echogenesity are shown by renal ultrasonography, VCUG should be performed. If a patient has difficulty undergoing VCUG, temporary postponement of VCUG can be taken into consideration, but only in cases where both examinations of renal ultrasonography and (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan are normal. Nevertheless, close observation is be advised even in this case.

A Case of Pulmonary Septic Emboli after Removal of BCGoma / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Septic pulmonary emboli occur when thrombi contain organisms such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. The septic emboli reach the lung from a variety of sources, including infected venous catheter or pacemaker wires, right-sided bacterial endocarditis, sepsis, septic thrombophlebitis, osteomyelitis, peritonsillar and subcutaneous abscess. Early clinical detection, along with prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, is an important factor in the prognosis of patients, but unfortunately initial clinical diagnosis is often difficult because of nonspecific findings in clinical, laboratory data. But recently, the characteristic chest computed tormography (CT) and chest radiographic findings of septic emboli have been helpful in non-invasive diagnostic method of early detection. Especially, chest CT is an important method for confirming the presence of septic pulmonary emboli. We experienced a case of septic pulmonary embolism in a 5-month-old infant with fever and intermittent cough after removal of BCGoma. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a chest x-ray and a chest CT. The CT revealed the presence of multiple subpleural nodules, cavitation of nodules and feeding vessel signs. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus was cultured in the wound swab culture on left axillary area. After administration of broad spectrum antibiotics, clinical and radiologic improvements were achieved.

The relationship of p63 expression with cell proliferation and apoptosis in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: Abnormalities in the p53 gene are regarded as the most consistent genetic abnormalities detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis. Two new members of the p53 gene family, p73 and p63 have recently been identified. They share considerable sequence homology with p53 in the transactivation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains, indicating possible involvement in carcinogenesis. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between proliferation and apoptosis is widely believed to contribute to human oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze expression of p63 in squamous cell carcinogenesis and to compare with immunochemical markers representing cell proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Syrian hamster oral cancer model, the fraction of apoptotic (apoptotic index-AI), proliferating (mitotic index-MI) and p63 expressing keratinocytes were examined at normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelium using the TUNEL assay, PCNA and p63 immunostaining. RESULTS: p63 significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between dysplastic and malignant epithelium. PCNA significantly increased between normal and dysplastic epithelium and between normal and malignant epithelium. However, increase between dysplastic and malignant epithelium, though still increasing, was not statistically significant. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells increased from normal to dysplastic epithelium and returned to normal keratinocyte level in the malignant epithelium. However, differences between tissue types were not significant. The ratio of MI:AI increased significantly only in the dysplastic-malignant epithelial transition. The increase of p63 expression closely reflected the change in the MI:AI ratio during oral carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION: The p63 may be associated with the regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis. Further study is required to investigate which p63 isoforms are involved in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

Diagnosis of micrometastasis in lymph node and clinical evaluation of prognostic factor of oral SCC using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin

PURPOSE: The lymph node status assessed by conventional histological examination is the most important prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of lymph node metastasis has a strong adverse impact on patient survival even after extended radical resection. Despite these findings, tumour recurrence is not rare after surgery, even when histological examination shows no lymph node metastasis. Recently, molecular- genetically and immunohistochemically demonstrated micrometastasis to the lymph nodes has been shown to have a significant adverse influence on survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and histologically negative nodes. The present study sought to determine the incidence and clarify the clinical significance of molecular-genetically and immunohistochemically demonstrated nodal micrometastases and to correlate these data with the stage of oral cancer. METHODS: Lymph nodes systematically removed from 71 patients who underwent curative resection between 1998 and 2003 with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were examined molecular-genetically to detect cytokeratin 5 mRNA with RT-PCR and immunohistochemically to detect cells that stained positively for cytokeratins with the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3. The postoperative course and survival rates were compared among patients with and without micrometastases, after numerical classification of overt metastatic nodes. RESULTS: micrometastases were detected in 43(60%) of 71 patients by RT-PCR and 26(36%) of 71 patients by immunohistochemistry. By RT-PCR analysis, patients exhibiting a positive band for CK 5 mRNA had a significantly worse prognosis than those were RT-PCR negative. By immunohistochemistry, the presence of micrometastasis did not predict patient outcome. CONCLUSION: Micrometastases detected by RT-PCR may be of clinical value in identifying patients who may be at high risk for recurrence and who are therefore likely to benefit from systemic adjuvant therapy.

ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: REPORT OF A CASE INVOLVING MAXILLARY SINUS